Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metals in the drinking water of Isfahan, Iran.

Metals are significant contributors to water pollution, posing serious threats to human health. This study aims to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with metals in Isfahan drinking water. Eighty water samples were randomly collected from the city's distribution network between January and March 2020-2021. Inductively coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure toxic metals, namely Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Results revealed that the mean concentration of Ni (70.03 µg/L) exceeded the WHO reference value (70 µg/L), while the other metals were below the standard values. The average chronic daily intake order of toxic metals was Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) demonstrated that both THI for adults (HQingestion + HQdermal = 4.02E-03) and THI for children (HIingestion + HIdermal = 3.83E-03) were below the acceptable limit (less than 1). This indicated no non-carcinogenic risk to residents through water ingestion or dermal exposure. However, findings indicated that the ingestion route was the primary exposure pathway, with HQ values for ingestion exceeding HQ values for dermal adsorption. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk associated with As metal exceeded the acceptable limit (1 × 10-6). Therefore, implementing treatment improvement programs and appropriate control measures is essential to safeguard the health of Isfahan City residents.

A comparative study of response surface methodology and artificial neural network based algorithm genetic for modeling and optimization of EP/US/GAC oxidation process in dexamethasone degradation: Application for real wastewater, electrical energy consumption.

Dexamethasone (DXM) is a broadly used drug, which is frequently identified in the water environments due to its improper disposal and incomplete removal in wastewater treatment plant. The inability of conventional treatment processes of wastewater causes that researchers pay a great attention to study and develop effective wastewater treatment systems. This work deals with the study of integrated electro-peroxone/granular activated carbon (EP/US/GAC) process in the degradation of dexamethasone (DXM) from a water environment and the remediation of real pharmaceutical wastewater. Two approaches of response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network based on algorithm genetic (ANN-GA) were employed for modeling and optimization of the process. Both the models presented significant adequacy for modeling and prediction of the process according to statistical linear and nonlinear metrics (R2 = 0.9998 and 0.9996 and RMSE = 0.2128 and 0.1784 for ANN-GA and RSM-CCD, respectively). The optimization study provided the same outcomes for both ANN-GA and RSM-CCD approaches, where approximately complete DEX oxidation was achieved at pH = 9.3, operating time = 10 min, US power = 300 W/L, applied current = 470 mA, and electrolyte concentration = 0.05 M. A synergistic study signified that the EP/US/GAC process made an 82% synergy index as compared to the individual US and EP processes. The calculated energy consumption for the integrated process was achieved to be 2.79 kW h/gCOD. Quenching test by tert-butanol and p-benzoquinone revealed that HO• radical possessed the largest contribution in DEX degradation. The efficiency of EP/US/GAC process in the remediation of real pharmaceutical wastewater showed a significant decline in COD content (92% removal after 180 min), and the ratio of initial BOD/COD ratio of 0.27 was elevated up to 0.7 after 100 min treatment time. The performance stability of EP/US/GAC system showed no remarkable drop in removal efficiency, and leakage of lead ions from the anode surface was negligible and below WHO guideline for drinking water. Generally, this research work manifested that the integrated EP/US/GAC system elevated the degradation efficiency and can be proposed as a pretreatment step before biological treatment processes for the remediation of recalcitrant wastewaters.

Facemask and Respirator in Reducing the Spread of Respiratory Viruses; a Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory viruses spread fast, and some manners have been recommended for reducing the spread of these viruses, including the use of a facemask or respirator, maintaining hand hygiene, and perfoming social distancing. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of facemasks and respirators on reducing the spread of respiratory viruses. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using MeSH terms, and reported findings according to PRISMA. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science(WoS), and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between 2009 and 2020. Two independent reviewers determined whether the studies met inclusion criteria. The risk of bias of studies was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). RESULTS: A total of 1505 articles were initially retrieved and 10 were finally included in our analysis (sample size: 3065). 96.8% of non-infected participants used facemask or respirator in contact with people infected with a respiratory virus, facemask and respirator have a significant effect on reducing the spread of respiratory viruses. CONCLUSION: Evidence support that using a facemask or respirator can reduce the spread of all types of respiratory viruses; therefore, this result can be generalized to the present pandemic of a respiratory virus (SARS-COV-2) and it is recommended to use a facemask or respirator for reducing the spread of this respiratory virus.

Association between prenatal phthalate exposure and anthropometric measures of newborns in a sample of Iranian population.

Phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a group of compounds which they can be entered into the human body through the various pathways. The aim of this study was to examine associations between prenatal phthalates exposure with anthropometric measures of neonates. Urine samples were obtained from 121 Iranian pregnant women at their first trimester of pregnancy, and the levels of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) metabolites were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The correlations between the maternal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with anthropometric measures of neonates as well as with the socio-demographic factors of participants (maternal education, age, family income, pre-pregnancy body mass index), their lifestyle variables (smoking habit, food pattern, and physical activity), and use of cleaning products (cosmetic and household cleaning products) were investigated. MBzP, MBP, MEHP, and MEHHP were detected in 100% of the participants with the concentration ranged 120 to 860 µg/g creatinine. Significant correlations were observed between the urinary levels of maternal MBzP (adjusted ß = 0.3 (0.001), p = 0.03) and MEHHP (adjusted ß = 0.3 (0.001), p = 0.04) with the birth weight of female neonates. MBP (adjusted ß = -0.3 (0.02), p = 0.04) and MBzP (adjusted ß = -0.3 (0.001), p = 0.02) had negative associations with the head circumference in male and female newborns, respectively. Furthermore, plastic packaging for pickle and passive smoking during pregnancy were identified to be significantly associated with low birth weight (p value < 0.05). Iranian pregnant women had higher concentrations of urinary phthalates compared to the other countries. Based on the findings, the higher prenatal exposure to phthalates could adversely impact the health status of newborns.

The sex-specific association between maternal urinary paraben levels and offspring size at birth.

Parabens are a group of antimicrobial preservatives applied in an extensive range of products and are suspected to impair fetal growth because of their disrupting effect on the endocrine system. We aimed to examine maternal urinary paraben concentrations and their neonates' outcome indexes. Methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP) concentrations were measured in 105 maternal urine samples collected before delivery. Length, weight, and head circumference at birth were extracted from the mothers' delivery files. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between paraben levels and neonatal anthropometric indices. The median levels of urinary parabens, especially BP, were higher than those in other countries. Prenatal urinary concentration of MP and BP showed a significantly positive association with birth weight in all neonates (ß = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.16, 1.41, and ß = 8.56, 95% CI: 3.95, 13.17, respectively), while these chemicals showed a significant negative association with head circumference (ß = - 0.002, 95% CI: - 0.004, - 0.000, and ß = - 0.016, 95% CI: - 0.030, - 0.002, respectively). A significant positive association between MP and birth length was also found (ß = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.00) in all the neonates. In sex-stratified adjusted models, MP and BP were found to be associated, respectively, with higher birth length and weight in male neonates (ß = 0.008, 95% CI: - 0.001, 0.017, and ß = 7.948, 95% CI: 1.045, 14.851). In girls, maternal urinary MP, PP, and BP were associated with increased birth weight (ß = 0.831, 95% CI: 0.043, 1.620; ß = 4.178, 95% CI: 0.877, 7.480; and ß = 10.821, 95% CI: 3.545, 18.097, respectively), and MP and BP were associated with reduced head circumference at birth (ß = - 0.003, 95% CI: - 0.005, - 0.001, and ß = - 0.035, 95% CI: - 0.055, - 0.016). These results revealed potential impacts between neonatal growth and maternal exposure to parabens. However, these findings should be interpreted while considering the limitations of the present study.

The emerging role of microRNAs in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed significant public health problems for the human populations worldwide after the 1918 influenza A virus (IVA) (H1N1) pandemic. Although numerous efforts have been made to unravel the mechanisms underlying the coronavirus, a notable gap remains in our perception of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. The innate and adaptive immune systems have a pivotal role in the fate of viral infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as short noncoding RNA molecules and appear as indispensable governors of almost any cellular means. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that miRNAs participate in essential mechanisms of cell biology, regulation of the immune system, and the onset and progression of numerous types of disorders. The immune responses to viral respiratory infections (VRIs), including influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV), are correlated with the ectopic expression of miRNAs. Alterations of the miRNA expression in epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic and acute airway infections. Hence, analyzing the role of these types of nucleotides in antiviral immune responses and the characterization of miRNA target genes might contribute to understanding the mechanisms of the interplay between the host and viruses, and in the future, potentially result in discovering therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. In this article, we present a general review of current studies concerning the function of miRNAs in different VRIs, particularly in coronavirus infection, and address all available therapeutic prospects to mitigate the burden of viral infections.

Urinary paraben concentrations and their implications for human exposure in Iranian pregnant women.

Parabens are widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, medicines, and foods due to its antimicrobial properties. Concerns have been raised regarding the estrogenic activity and potential endocrine disruption effects of parabens. Studies on monitoring of paraben exposure in the Iranian population are very scarce. This study was carried out to measure urinary concentrations of parabens, to estimate their daily intake, and to identify some of the sociodemographic factors affecting exposure to these compounds. The concentrations of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP) were measured in urine samples collected from 95 Iranian pregnant women by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The highest median concentration was 87.0 µg/L for MP, followed by PP, EP, and BP with median concentrations of 15.6, 9.64, and 8.57 µg/L, respectively. Except BP, the urinary concentrations of other parabens were comparable to those in other countries. Also, the highest daily intake was related to MP (median = 16.5 µg/kg-BW/day), which is less than the acceptable daily intake (ADI). A significant positive correlation was observed between the measured parabens. Significant negative associations were observed between age and BP, BMI and EP as well as parity and PP. On the other hand, income and smoking were significantly positively associated with MP, BP and EP, BP, respectively. The urinary MP and BP concentrations were higher among the subjects with diploma education (P = 0.003 and P = 0.006, respectively), and during the spring, urinary MP concentration was higher than other seasons. The results showed that Iranian pregnant women are more prone to parabens and their urinary paraben concentrations are associated with sociodemographic factors. This result could serve as a basis for evaluating the rate of exposure of the Iranian population to parabens in future studies.

Overview of the current promising approaches for the development of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. There is a gap in our understanding regarding the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. However, many clinical trials are underway across the world for screening effective drugs against COVID-19. Nevertheless, currently, no proven effective therapies for this virus exists. The vaccines are deemed as a significant part of disease prevention for emerging viral diseases, since, in several cases, other therapeutic choices are limited or non-existent, or that diseases result in such an accelerated clinical worsening that the efficacy of treatments is restricted. Therefore, effective vaccines against COVID-19 are urgently required to overcome the tremendous burden of mortality and morbidity correlated with SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will describe the latest evidence regarding outstanding vaccine approaches and the challenges for vaccine production.

Optimization of saline wastewater treatment using electrochemical oxidation process: Prediction by RSM method.

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find the optimum parameters for COD and TOC removal from saline wastewaters using electrochemical oxidation process. The independent variables considered were reaction time, pH, salt concentration, and voltage. Optimization of parameters was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Quadratic regression equation was suggested as a model for prediction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency. The results indicated that the COD and TOC removal efficiencies at the optimal conditions of pH 7.69, reaction time of 30.71 min, salt content of 30. 94 g/L and voltage of 7.41 V were 91.78% and 68.49%, respectively. In terms of COD and TOC removal efficiency, the coefficients of determination were found to be 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. This study suggests that electro-oxidation is an effective process in decreasing COD and TOC from saline wastewaters. Further, RSM was a suitable technique for optimization of the variables involved in COD and TOC removal through electro-oxidation process. •The findings demonstrate that response surface methodology is a good tool for the optimization of parameters of the experimental data.•A quadratic model was suggested as a good model for COD and TOC removal prediction.•The findings proved good agreement between the experimental data and the predicted equation.

Monitoring of urinary phthalate metabolites among pregnant women in Isfahan, Iran: the PERSIAN birth cohort.

Recently, increasing evidences have shown that the exposure to phthalates can adversely affect health status of pregnant women and their newborns. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the concentrations of these compounds in the body fluids of pregnant women. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urinary samples of pregnant women in correlation with the population characteristics and different lifestyle factors. The study was conducted in 2018-2019 and urinary samples were taken from 121 pregnant women during their first pregnancy trimester who lived in Isfahan, Iran. The concentrations of monobutyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) metabolites in urinary samples were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The socio-demographic profile of the participants (maternal education, age, family income, pre-pregnancy BMI), their lifestyle information (smoking habit, food pattern, and physical activity), cleaning products use data (cosmetic and household cleaning products) were collected by the use of PERSIAN birth cohort questionnaire. MBzP, MBP, MEHP, and MEHHP were detected in 100% of participated pregnant women with the mean concentration of 342.5 ± 193.8, 308.5 ± 229.4, 126.5 ± 118.3, and 866.5 ± 307.6 µg/g creatinine, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between the mean concentration of urinary phthalate metabolites with the following variables: using plastic packaging (for bread, lemon juice, pickle, leftover, and water), lower physical activity, passive smoking exposure during pregnancy (p value<0.05). Furthermore, the pre-pregnancy BMI (r = 0.27, r = 0.3, r = 0.26, and r = 0.26), use of the household cleaning products (r = 0.2, r = 0.22, r = 0.3, and r = 0.26), utilize of the cosmetic products (r = 0.46, r = 0.48, r = 0.49, and r = 0.54), and passive smoking status (r = 0.5, r = 0.44, r = 0.44, and r = 0.26) directly correlated with the urinary concentrations of MBP, MBzP, MEHP, and MEHHP, respectively. No significant association was seen between the concentration of urinary phthalate metabolites with the maternal education level and family income. According to our findings, higher amounts of phthalate metabolites were detected in urinary samples of pregnant women who were passive smokers, or had higher pre-pregnancy BMI and lower physical activity, as well as those women who used higher amounts of cosmetic and household cleaning products, or used plastic packaging for food and non-food products.

Evaluation of carcinogenic risks related to nitrate exposure in drinking water in Iran.

Nitrate is one of the most important contaminants that can release into the environment predominantly as a result of anthropogenic processes. Excessive intake of nitrates may increase the risk of certain types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of nitrate in drinking water and its health to people in Iran. This cross-sectional study has performed in 2019. Nitrate concentrations in drinking water supplies were obtained from peer-reviewed publications. Monte Carlo stimulations and mathematical models were used to determine the excess cancer risk. Risk level for assessing the carcinogen risk was 10-5 (1 per 100,000 persons). Nitrate concentrations and cancer risk related to nitrate were classified by GIS software. According to the obtained results, the drinking water supplies of Tehran, Mashhad (Khorasan Razavi), Zahedan (Sistan and Baluchestan), Shiraz (Fars), Qom, Ardabil and Ahwaz (Khuzestan) have higher nitrate concentrations than the limit recommended by WHO and Institute of Standards and industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). The estimated cancer risks for the provinces of Tehran, Mashhad (Khorasan Razavi), Zahedan (Sistan and Baluchestan), Shiraz (Fars), Qom, Ardabil and Ahwaz (Khuzestan) were in the no negligible range set by the Health Canada and WHO. The majority of Iran provinces that have impermissible level of nitrate in drinking water supplies had a significant association between cancer prevalence and nitrate exposure. •The findings demonstrated that carcinogen risk values of nitrate exposure through drinking water was 0.001%.•Results showed that Tehran, Mashhad (Khorasan Razavi), Zahedan (Sistan and Baluchestan), Shiraz (Fars), Qom, Ardabil and Ahwaz (Khuzestan) are more exposed to additional cancer risk related to nitrosamine.•The results of this study is considered as the comprehensive report that indicate the association between gastrointestinal cancer and nitrate exposure through drinking water.

Method for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of hazardous waste in laboratories of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Hazardous wastes (HWs) is waste that has substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment. The aim this study is evaluation of quantitative and qualitative of hazardous waste in laboratories of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran. In this data research, four out of ten faculties of IUMS that produce the highest amount of HWs were selected for collection of required data. The required information collected by using interview with laboratory staffs, completion of questionnaire, and refer to the available documents. The 33 laboratories (including 18 and 15 chemical and biological laboratories, respectively) and one clinic were selected. The obtained data showed that annually 2609.9 kg HWs generated in IUMS. The dentistry, public health, medical, and pharmacy faculties were produced 104, 266.6, 793.9, and 1445.4 kg of HW per year, respectively that they were including 4%, 10%, 31%, and 55% in the total amount of generated HW. According to the acquired result, to protect the health of the environment, IUMS must establish a comprehensive solid waste management programs for prevention and reduction, higher rates of recycling, and managing HWs in all faculties.

Dataset for adsorptive removal of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solution via natural light weight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and LECA coated with manganese oxide nanoparticles in the presence of H2O2.

In this data article, natural (NL) and manganese oxide-modified LECA (MML) adsorbents were applied for adsorptive removal of Tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solution. The used adsorbents was characterized using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The chemical analysis of XRF data revealed increased chemical composition of Mn as MnO to 8.96 wt%. The SEM patterns were illustrated the extent of surface and enhanced porosity in MML with Mn. In optimum operational conditions, maximum removal percentage of TC was achieved at 51.5 and 99.4% using NL and MML, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained from Langmuir modeling were 6.89 and 9.24 for NL and MML, respectively. The modeling of the adsorption kinetics revealed that TC adsorption by both NL and MML adsorbents was best-fitted with a pseudo-first-order model (R 2 = 0.978). The isotherm studies of TC adsorption by MML showed that the Freundlich isotherm was the most appropriate model, with a higher coefficient of determination. The obtained data was illustrated that high competitive capacity of chloride and hardness ions compared with other ions against TC adsorption.

Dataset on photodegradation of tetracycline antibiotic with zinc stannate nanoflower in aqueous solution - Application of response surface methodology.

Removal of pharmaceutical ingredients such as tetracycline from aqueous solution has a great importance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the degradation of tetracycline antibiotic in the presence of a triode semiconductor oxide as well as modeling of the photocatalytic degradation process in order to determine optimal condition Zinc stannate nanoflower (Zn2SnO4) was synthesized by hydrothermal process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model and optimize four key independent variables, including photocatalyst dosage, initial concentration of tetracycline antibiotic (TC) as model pollutant, pH and reaction time of photocatalytic degradation. The proposed quadratic model was in accordance with the experimental results with a correlation coefficient of 98%. The obtained optimal experimental conditions for the photodegradation process were the following: zinc stannate (ZTO) dosage=300 mg L-1, initial concentration of TC= 10 mg L-1, reaction time= 100 min and pH=4.5. Under the optimal conditions, the predicted degradation efficiency was 95.45% determined by the proposed model. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the optimization procedure, the confirmatory experiment was carried out under the optimal conditions and the degradation efficiency of 93.54% was observed, which closely agreed with the predicted value.

Data on concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in roasted and fried chicken - A case study: Bushehr, Iran.

In the present data article, the presence and amount of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were surveyed in Iranian roasted and fried chicken in Bushehr restaurants. For data collection, 73 samples (including 36 Roasted chicken and 37 Fried chicken samples) were collected from local restaurants and various retail outlets of Bushehr, Iran. The concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the total PAHs level was ranged from 4.20 to 32.29 mg/kg and 2.06-19.65 µg/kg in Roasted and Fried chicken, respectively. The differences in PAHs levels were observed among charcoal and gas-roasted samples as well as between chicken fried with different oil types. benzo[a] pyrene(BaP), an appropriate marker for occurrence and potential toxicity of PAHs food matrixes was found in all roasted samples ranged from 1.41-5.71 mg/kg and all fried samples in range of 0.9-3.32 µg/kg. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratios in the in the used vegetable oils had an important role in the generation of PAHs in fried chicken.

Kinetic and modeling data on phenol removal by Iron-modified Scoria Powder (FSP) from aqueous solutions.

Phenol present in industrial effluents is a toxicant matter which causes pollution of environments aqueous. In this work, scoria was modified by iron in order to increasing of adsorbent efficiency and effective removing of phenol. Effects of independent variables including pH, adsorbents dosage, contact time and adsorbate concentration on removing of phenol were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite designs (CCD). The characterization of raw scoria powder (RSP) and Iron-modified Scoria Powder (FSP) was determined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained data showed modification by iron caused the growth of new crystalline of iron oxide on the surface of FSP. Evaluated data by RSM indicated the all variables especially pH are effective in removing of phenol (P-value < 0.001) and optimum condition was obtained at pH = 5, phenol concentration = 50 mg/l, adsorbent dosage = 1 g/l and contact time = 100 min to the value of 94.99% with desirability of 0.939. Results revealed that data were fitted by Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9938) and pseudo second order kinetic (R2 = 0.9976). It was found that iron causes increasing the site active of scoria and let to significant removal of phenol.

Data for efficiency comparison of raw pumice and manganese-modified pumice for removal phenol from aqueous environments-Application of response surface methodology.

Present deadest collection was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of raw pumice (RWP) and Mn-modified pumice (MMP). Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite designs (CCD) was applied to evaluate the effects of independent variables including pH, adsorbents dosage, contact time and adsorbate concentration on the response function and the best response values were predicted. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the adsorbents. Based on acquired data, the maximum efficiency removal of phenol was obtained 89.14% and 100% for raw and Mn-modified pumice respectively. The obtained data showed pH was effective parameter on phenol removal among the different variables. Evaluation of data using isotherms and kinetics models showed the fitted with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic for both adsorbents. According to obtained data was observed that modification of pumice can improve the efficiency removal of phenol to meet the effluent standards.