ABSTRACT
A rare case of severe disseminated histoplasmosis in a 7-year-old boy with apparently normal immune function is described. Current recommendations for diagnostic investigations, monitoring and the treatment of this disease with amphotericin B and itraconazole are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Histoplasmosis/immunology , Immunocompetence , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Histoplasma/isolation & purification , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Humans , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Male , Vancomycin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This report describes a case of disseminated strongyloidiasis in a child receiving chemotherapy for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 10-year-old boy became severely ill with disseminated strongyloidiasis 4 weeks after starting chemotherapy for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. He responded to treatment with supportive care, antibiotics, and albendazole but required ivermectin to eradicate the strongyloides infection. CONCLUSION: Disseminated strongyloidiasis is a severe, life-threatening complication of Strongyloides stercoralis infection that can occur in patients on immunosuppressive therapy, particularly when this therapy includes corticosteriods. In endemic areas, screening patients due to undergo immunosuppressive treatment and appropriate antistrongyloides treatment may be life saving. Ivermectin is the treatment of choice.
Subject(s)
Immunocompromised Host , Leukemia, Lymphoid/parasitology , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis , Child , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphoid/complications , Male , Strongyloidiasis/complicationsABSTRACT
The causes of continuous heart murmurs in childhood are reviewed, and 2 case reports illustrate the features of a coronary artery fistula and a ruptured sinus of Valsalva.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/diagnosis , Heart Auscultation , Heart Murmurs , Sinus of Valsalva/abnormalities , Aneurysm/diagnosis , Aortic Rupture/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
The clinical records, scintigrams, radiographic skeletal surveys, and bone marrow aspiration and trephine results of 30 children with neuroblastoma were reviewed to determine the relationship between the result of the scintigram and the clinical outcome of the patient. The nine patients with normal radiographic skeletal surveys and no evidence of bone metastases on scintigraphy are alive and well having been off treatment for between 14 and 83 months. Eleven of the 13 children who had bone metastases on scintigraphy and radiography have died, as have seven of the eight patients who had positive scintigrams and normal radiographs. Scintigraphic evidence of bone metastases is associated with a very poor prognosis irrespective of the results of other investigations.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Neuroblastoma/pathology , Biopsy , Bone Marrow/pathology , Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Neuroblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Prognosis , Radiography , Radionuclide ImagingABSTRACT
A prospective study was carried out on 25 children who presented with a focal seizure and had CT scan appearances identified as tuberculoma. Thirteen were treated for tuberculosis. The other 12 received no anti-tuberculous drug therapy. Follow-up scans showed resolution of the radiological lesions in all cases. It is postulated that anti-tuberculous drugs may safely be withheld in cases of this nature when there is no other evidence of tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Seizures/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculoma, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Prospective Studies , Seizures/drug therapy , South Africa , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tuberculoma, Intracranial/drug therapyABSTRACT
AIMS: To report a series of four paediatric cases of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) and add to the known extranodal sites of occurrence for this tumour. Neoplasms derived from interdigitating dendritic cells are rare, with only 33 cases being reported in the literature (Medline search). These tumours usually occur in lymph nodes in the adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients were a 10-year-old girl with a large soft tissue mass bulging into the left chest, a 12-year-old girl with a right paraspinal mass, a 21-month-old boy with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly and a 6-year-old girl with a large bladder mass. Paraffin blocks and haematoxylin and eosin slides were available in all cases. In addition, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed. A diagnosis of IDCS was made in all cases. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of IDCS can rarely be entertained on clinical information alone. Microscopically, there is a wide spectrum of features. Thus, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy are crucial in making the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes inflammatory pseudotumour, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, true histiocytic lymphoma, malignant Langerhans cell histiocytosis, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, melanoma, and a range of sarcomas. IDCS displays aggressive behaviour and approximately half of the patients die of the disease.
Subject(s)
Dendritic Cells/pathology , Sarcoma/pathology , Child , Dendritic Cells/metabolism , Dendritic Cells/ultrastructure , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Infant , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/ultrastructure , Lymphatic Diseases/etiology , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Sarcoma/metabolism , Sarcoma/ultrastructure , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Splenomegaly/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/ultrastructureABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To document the experience of Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in the treatment of sacrococcygeal germ-cell tumours. PATIENTS: Twenty-seven patients with sacrococcygeal germ-cell tumours were treated in our hospital from 1980 to 1996. DESIGN: A retrospective review of these patients' records was undertaken. RESULTS: There were 19 female and 8 male patients. Seventeen (63%) presented in the neonatal period, 13 on the first day of life. Complete surgical resection of the tumour was achieved in all patients with mature or immature teratomas (20 patients) and in 2 neonates with malignant tumours. The first of these 2 neonates, with a malignant teratoma, was not given chemotherapy and remains well 10 years later. The second, with a yolk-sac tumour, also received no initial chemotherapy. He relapsed at the age of 9 months and was successfully treated with repeat excision and chemotherapy. All 5 patients first diagnosed after the age of 1 year had malignant tumours. These patients had incomplete surgical resection (3) or biopsy only (2), and 3 were successfully treated with chemotherapy. One patient relapsed with yolksac tumour after initial complete resection of a mature teratoma. She was successfully treated with repeat surgery and chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Germinoma/drug therapy , Germinoma/surgery , Sacrococcygeal Region/surgery , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/drug therapy , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The presentation, diagnosis and management of a 13-month-old child with a left atrial myxoma is described. The value of echocardiography in confirming the diagnosis is emphasized.