Physical activity and sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 lockdown in China.

BACKGROUND: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, preliminary research has reported a significant decline in physical activity (PA) and an increase in sedentary behaviour (SB) among typically developed children and adolescents. Limited research has looked at the current situation of PA and SB during this pandemic among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). This study investigated the situations about PA and SB among school-aged children and adolescents with ID on China's mainland during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: In total, 837 parents of children and adolescents (ages 6-18 years) with ID from 15 special education schools of Shandong Province in China were recruited through convenience sampling in the study. Parents reported PA and SB among children and adolescents with ID through the Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey-Chinese version (CLASS-C) online questionnaires. RESULTS: From parents' reports, Chinese children and adolescents with ID during the COVID-19 pandemic participated in approximately 10 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and engaged in approximately 530 min of SB every day. Meanwhile, only 17.4% of children and adolescents with ID were able to achieve the recommendation of 60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and 76.1% of children and adolescents with ID spent more than 2 h on SB per day. Additionally, the problems of decrease PA and excessive SB were more prominent in older adolescents with ID compared with younger children with ID. CONCLUSION: In China, the low level of PA and high level of SB is particularly evident in children and adolescents with ID during the outbreak of COVID-19. The great majority of children and adolescents with ID did not meet the recommended amount of PA while undergoing excessive SB under the long-term home quarantine environment. Therefore, immediate attention and great effort should be made to deal with this severe situation among this vulnerable population in the mainland of China.

[Value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging to predict epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the value of (18)F-fluorodeoxy glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in predicting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and (18)F-FDG PET-CT imaging data of 206 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology and underwent EGFR mutation test in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2013 to October 2018. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to quantify the predictive value of maximum standard uptake value (SUV(max)), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG). The Chi-squared test was used to assess the difference in PET parameters. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to yield the parameters with statistic difference. Results: All of 206 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma showed a high (18)F-FDG uptake. The median of SUV(max), MTV and TLG were 19.14, 37.69 cm(3) and 291.73, respectively. Among the 206 patients, EGFR mutations were identified in 14 cases, including 7 with exon 21 (L858R) mutation, 6 with exon 19 mutation and 1 with exon 20 mutation. ROC curve showed that the AUC of SUV(max), MTV and TLG were 0.624 (95% CI=0.454-0.794, P=0.122), 0.892 (95% CI=0.811-0.973, P<0.001) and 0.860 (95% CI=0.768-0.952, P<0.001), respectively. The median SUV(max) (19.14) was used as the cutoff points due to the small value of AUC. The cutoff point of MTV was 20.09 cm(3), the cutoff point of TLG was 211.07. Univariate analysis showed that the sex, smoking history, M stage, MTV and TLG were associated with EGFR mutations (all P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that the sex, smoking history and TLG were the independent predictors of EGFR mutation (all P<0.05). Conclusion: TLG detected by (18)F-FDG PET/CT is an independent factor for predicting EGFR mutation in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, and has certain reference value for predicting EGFR mutation.

[Measurement and analysis of the crown conical degree of maxillary incisors in patients with congenital tooth agenesis caused by different gene mutations].

Objective: To measure the crown conical degree of the remaining maxillary incisors in patients with congenital tooth agenesis, and to analyze the influence of different gene mutations on the crown conical degree of patients. Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed on 85 patients with congenital tooth agenesis (50 males, 35 females, median age 19 years old) who visited the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to January 2023. The pathogenic gene was identified. The width of the crowns of the maxillary central and lateral incisors at the incisal 1/3 and gingival 1/3 were measured on the panoramic radiograph, and the ratio was defined as the crown conical degree. The smaller the ratio is, the more likely is the crown to be peg shaped teeth. The control group was matched by age and gender with 85 other patients with intact maxillary permanent incisors who were treated in the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to January 2023. The conical degree of the tooth agenesis group was compared with the control group by t-test, and the differences in the crown conical degree in different gene mutation groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance, and the multiple comparisons among gene groups were carried out using the LSD method. Results: Among the 85 tooth agenesis patients, the numbers of patients in each gene mutation group were 20 in ectodysplasin A (EDA) group, 8 in ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) group, 15 in wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A (WNT10A) group, 16 in paired box 9 (PAX9) group, 10 in Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) group, 10 in low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 6 (LRP6) group, and 6 in bone morphogenetic protein4 (BMP4) group. The number of missing teeth were 1-27, median number 15 among the tooth agenesis patients. There was no significant difference in the conical degree between the left and right homonymous teeth in the congenital tooth agenesis group and the control group (P>0.05). The crown conical degree of maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor in the congenital missing teeth group (0.95±0.24, 0.90±0.22) was significantly smaller than that in the control group (1.12±0.09, 1.13±0.09) (t=-8.50, P<0.001; t=-11.47, P<0.001). In WNT10A mutants, the conical degree of lateral incisors (0.89±0.18) was less than that of central incisors (1.07±0.15)(t=3.68, P<0.001). The conical degree of central incisors and lateral incisors (0.70±0.23, 0.57±0.15) of EDA mutants was significantly lower than that in patients with other gene mutations (P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the normal control group, the remaining maxillary central and lateral incisors of the seven gene mutation groups of patients with congenital tooth agenesis all had different degrees of conical crown. Among them, the crown conical degree of maxillary central and lateral incisors of the EDA mutation was the most severe, and the WNT10A mutation affected the maxillary lateral incisors more specifically.

MiRNA-146b-5p inhibits the malignant progression of gastric cancer by targeting TRAF6.

The article "MiRNA-146b-5p inhibits the malignant progression of gastric cancer by targeting TRAF6, by J.-N. Ding, Y.-F. Zang, Y.-L. Ding, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (17): 8837-8844-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_22823-PMID: 32964972" has been withdrawn from the authors due to some technical reasons (some data are not reproducible). The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/22823#:~:text=TRAF6%20was%20the%20target%20of,of%20GC%20by%20targeting%20TRAF6.

MiRNA-146b-5p inhibits the malignant progression of gastric cancer by targeting TRAF6.

OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 22 nucleotides long that are extensively expressed in eukaryotes. They are vital regulators in pathological processes. This study aims to illustrate the role of miRNA-146b-5p in the development of gastric cancer (GC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: MiRNA-146b-5p levels in 62 GC species and matched paracancerous ones were detected. Influences of miRNA-146b-5p level on clinical parameters of GC patients were assessed. Phenotype changes of AGS and SGC-7901 cells overexpressing miRNA-146b-5p were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay, respectively. Luciferase assay and rescue experiments were conducted to uncover the mechanism of miRNA-146b-5p in regulating the development of GC. RESULTS: MiRNA-146b-5p was downregulated in GC species than paracancerous ones. Lower level of miRNA-146b-5p was observed in GC patients combined lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis than those without metastases. In vitro overexpression of miRNA-146b-5p attenuated proliferative and migratory potentials of GC cells. TRAF6 was the target of miRNA-146b-5p, which was responsible for the development of GC regulated by miRNA-146b-5p. CONCLUSIONS: MiRNA-146b-5p level is negatively correlated to lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis rates of GC. It suppresses the malignant development of GC by targeting TRAF6.

STRETCHY ELECTRONICS. Hierarchically buckled sheath-core fibers for superelastic electronics, sensors, and muscles.

Superelastic conducting fibers with improved properties and functionalities are needed for diverse applications. Here we report the fabrication of highly stretchable (up to 1320%) sheath-core conducting fibers created by wrapping carbon nanotube sheets oriented in the fiber direction on stretched rubber fiber cores. The resulting structure exhibited distinct short- and long-period sheath buckling that occurred reversibly out of phase in the axial and belt directions, enabling a resistance change of less than 5% for a 1000% stretch. By including other rubber and carbon nanotube sheath layers, we demonstrated strain sensors generating an 860% capacitance change and electrically powered torsional muscles operating reversibly by a coupled tension-to-torsion actuation mechanism. Using theory, we quantitatively explain the complementary effects of an increase in muscle length and a large positive Poisson's ratio on torsional actuation and electronic properties.