Social neuroscience: When more is merrier.

Spiny mice are gregarious animals that prefer to socialize with large groups. A new pioneering study reveals an underlying neural circuit governing this social preference.

Treatment of MIS-C in Children and Adolescents.

Purpose of Review: Different treatment approaches have been described for the management of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the pathogenesis of which has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we comprehensively review and summarize the recommendations and management strategies that have been published to date. Recent Findings: MIS-C patients are treated with different regimens, mostly revolving around the use of immunomodulatory medications, including IVIG and glucocorticoids as first-tier therapy. Refractoriness to IVIG and glucocorticoids warrants a step-up of immunomodulatory therapy to biologic agents such as anakinra, tocilizumab, and infliximab. Summary: We review the current evidence regarding the use of monotherapy versus combination therapy, as well as the current recommendations for assessing thrombotic risk and administering antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. We anticipate that future studies will provide evidence for management plans that maximize short- and long-term outcomes. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-021-00259-4.

Changing temporal context in human temporal lobe promotes memory of distinct episodes.

Memories of experiences that occur around the same time are linked together by a shared temporal context, represented by shared patterns of neural activity. However, shared temporal context may be problematic for selective retrieval of specific memories. Here, we examine intracranial EEG (iEEG) in the human temporal lobe as participants perform a verbal paired associates memory task that requires the encoding of distinct word pairs in memory. We find that the rate of change in patterns of low frequency (3-12 Hz) power distributed across the temporal lobe is significantly related to memory performance. We also find that exogenous electrical stimulation affects how quickly these neural representations of temporal context change with time, which directly affects the ability to successfully form memories for distinct items. Our results indicate that the ability to retrieve distinct episodic memories is related to how quickly neural representations of temporal context change over time during encoding.