Indicadores del éxito académico en la educación universitaria: análisis naturaleza de los cursos / Indicadores do sucesso acadêmico na educação superior: análise segundo natureza dos cursos / Indicators of academic success in higher education: analysis in function of courses nature

O sucesso acadêmico na Educação Superior é um construto multidimensional, influenciado por diferentes variáveis da trajetória estudantil. Assim, analisamos o rendimento acadêmico (CRE) de estudantes ingressantes da ES, tomando variáveis pessoais/sociais, adaptativas e relacionadas à aprendizagem, diferenciando as análises de acordo com a natureza dos cursos. Participaram 715 estudantes (M = 22.10 anos, DP = 6.92), oriundos de 26 cursos superiores do Instituto Federal da Paraíba (Brasil), cujos dados foram coletados de forma documental e usando um questionário aplicado online. Os resultados apontam que o conjunto das variáveis do estudo explicam 89% do CRE de estudantes do bacharelado, 85% da licenciatura e 84% do rendimento de cursos tecnológicos, com destaque para as variáveis renda familiar, opção na escolha do curso, contato extraclasse com professor e atividades extracurriculares, faltas e disciplinas aprovadas versus disciplinas cursadas. Apontam-se implicações desses resultados para futuras intervenções com foco no sucesso acadêmico e conclusão dos cursos.

El éxito académico en la Educación Universitaria es un constructo multidimensional, influenciado por distintas variables de la trayectoria estudiantil. Así, analizamos el rendimiento académico (CRE) de estudiantes ingresantes de la ES, tomando variables personales/sociales, adaptativas y relacionadas al aprendizaje, diferenciando los análisis de acuerdo con la naturaleza de los cursos. Participaron 715 estudiantes (M = 22.10 años, DP = 6.92), provenientes de 26 cursos universitarios del Instituto Federal de Paraíba (Brasil), cuyos datos se recolectaron de forma documental y utilizando un cuestionario aplicado online. Los resultados apuntan que el conjunto de las variables del estudio explica el 89% del CRE de estudiantes de bachillerato, el 85% da licenciatura y el 84% del rendimiento de cursos tecnológicos, con destaque para las variables renta familiar, opción en la escoja del curso, contacto extra-aula con profesor y actividades extracurriculares, faltas y asignaturas aprobadas versus asignaturas cursadas. Se apuntan implicaciones de estos resultados para futuras intervenciones con enfoque en el éxito académico y conclusión de los cursos.

Academic success in Higher Education is a multidimensional construct, influenced by different variables in the student trajectory. Thus, we assessed the academic performance (CRE) of incoming Higher Education students, taking personal/social, adaptive, and learning-related variables, differentiating the analysis according to the nature of the courses. In this way, 715 students participated (age: M = 22.10 years, SD = 6.92), from 26 Higher Education courses at a Federal Institute of Paraíba (Brazil), whose data were collected in a documentary form and using an online questionnaire. The results indicate that the set of variables in the study explain 89% of the CRE of bachelor students, 85% of undergraduate students, and 84% of the performance of technological courses, with the following variables: emphasis on family income, option in choosing the course, extra-class contact with teacher and extracurricular activities, absences and discipline approvals versus completed disciplines. Implications of these results are highlighted for future interventions focusing on academic success and course completion.

Anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and hepatic arterial system: an analysis using multidetector computed tomography angiography.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of anatomical variations of celiac arterial trunk (CAT) branches and hepatic arterial system (HAS), as well as the CAT diameter, length and distance to the superior mesenteric artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional and predominantly descriptive study based on the analysis of multidetector computed tomography images of 60 patients. RESULTS: The celiac trunk anatomy was normal in 90% of cases. Hepatosplenic trunk was found in 8.3% of patients, and hepatogastric trunk in 1.7%. Variation of the HAS was observed in 21.7% of cases, including anomalous location of the right hepatic artery in 8.3% of cases, and of the left hepatic artery, in 5%. Also, cases of joint relocation of right and left hepatic arteries, and trifurcation of the proper hepatic artery were observed, respectively, in 3 (5%) and 2 (3.3%) patients. Mean length and caliber of the CAT were 2.3 cm and 0.8 cm, respectively. Mean distance between CAT and superior mesenteric artery was 1.2 cm (standard deviation = 4.08). A significant correlation was observed between CAT diameter and length, and CAT diameter and distance to superior mesenteric artery. CONCLUSION: The pattern of CAT variations and diameter corroborate the majority of the literature data. However, this does not happen in relation to the HAS.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de variações anatômicas da ramificação do tronco arterial celíaco (TAC) e do sistema arterial hepático (SAH), o diâmetro e comprimento do TAC e sua distância para a artéria mesentérica superior. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, predominantemente descritivo, baseado na análise de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de 60 pacientes. RESULTADOS: A anatomia do TAC foi normal em 90% dos casos. Cinco (8,3%) pacientes apresentaram o tronco hepatoesplênico e um (1,7%) apresentou o tronco hepatogástrico. O SAH variou em 21,7% dos casos. Desses, 8,3% foram na localização anômala da artéria hepática direita e 5% da artéria hepática esquerda. Ainda foram encontrados 3 (5%) casos de relocalização conjunta da artéria hepática direita e artéria hepática esquerda e 2 (3,3%) de trifurcação da artéria hepática própria. A média de comprimento e o calibre médio do TAC foram, respectivamente, 2,33 cm e 0,8 cm. A distância média entre o TAC e a artéria mesentérica superior foi 1,2 cm, com desviopadrão de 4,08. Houve correlação significativa entre diâmetro e comprimento do TAC, e diâmetro do TAC e distância deste para a artéria mesentérica superior. CONCLUSÃO: O padrão de variação do TAC e seu diâmetro corroboram a maioria dos dados da literatura, embora o mesmo não tenha ocorrido em relação ao SAH.

Distracción osteogénica en el servicio de cirugía oral ymaxilofacial del Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá / Distraction osteogenesis at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of the Hospital Militar Central Bogotá

Introducción: La distracción osteogénica es una técnica quirúrgica basada en el principio de "tensión-estrés", que estimula la histogénesis y neoformación ósea. Objetivo: Describir el uso de la distracción osteogénica, así como analizar las fases de distracción de los pacientes tratados en el Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Militar Central. Diseño: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia donde fueron incluidos en el estudio todos los pacientes sometidos a distracción osteogénica para corrección de secuelas de trauma facial, defectos ocasionados por resecciones tumorales, corrección de anomalías dentofaciales y malformaciones congénitas entre Marzo de 2009 a Diciembre 2014. Resultados: El 73.6% de los pacientes correspondían al genero masculino, con una media de 21.79 años. El factor etiológico más frecuente fueron las anomalías dentofaciales (50.9%) seguido por las herida por arma de fuego (22.6%). Se evidenció un tiempo de latencia de 7.02 días, un período de activación de 18.25 días y un período de consolidación/remodelación de 27.30 semanas. Conclusiones: La distracción osteogénica permite la formación del hueso de soporte así como del tejido blando involucrado, es considerada una solución ideal para la restitución de tejidos independientemente del tipo de patología.

Introduction: Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique based on the principle of "tension-stress", which stimulates bone formation and histogenesis. Objective: To describe the use of distraction osteogenesis and to analyze its phases in patients treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Department of the Hospital Militar Central. Design: A descriptive observational study was performed. Materials and methods: A non-probabilistic convenience sample which included all patients who underwent distraction osteogenesis from March 2009 to December 2014 for correcting sequelae of facial trauma, defects caused by tumor resection or by dentofacial anomalies and congenital malformations was analyzed. Results: 73.6% of patients were male, with an average of 21.79 years. The most common etiologic factor was the Dentofacial deformities (50.9%) followed by Gunshot wounds (22.6%). It showed a latency of 7.02 days, an activation period of 18.25 days and a period of consolidation / remodeling of 27.30 weeks. Conclusions: Distraction osteogenesis allows the formation of supporting bone and soft tissue, it is considered as an ideal solution for tissue restitution regardless the type of pathology.

Correlación histológica de expresión de marcadores Ki-67 y ciclina D1 presentes en carcinomas de células escamosas en cavidad oral / Histological correlation of Ki-67 and D1 cycline markers expression in squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity

Resumen: Introducción: El carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE) es una neoplasia maligna originada en los queratinocitos del epitelio. Biopsias tempranas, evidencian queratinocitos mitóticos displásicos e infiltrados inflamatorios subepiteliales que progresan a pérdida de la membrana basal. Sin embargo, en el diagnóstico histológico con hematoxilina y eosina (H&E) no se muestra adecuada correlación clínica, aspecto que mejora cuando se utilizan marcadores moleculares como Ki-67 y ciclina D1. El objetivo de este estudio es correlacionar la descripción histológica de casos de COCE con la expresión de Ki-67 y ciclina D1. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 12 pacientes con lesiones sugestivas de cáncer oral; fueron incluidos en el estudio pacientes con diagnóstico de COCE. Se tomaron biopsias únicas, procesamiento histotécnico para cortes en parafina, coloración con H&E y coloración inmunohistoquímica con ciclina D1 y Ki-67. Tres pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, llamados C1, C2 y C3. Se clasificó el tipo de COCE según el American Joint Committee on Cancer. Resultados: Histológicamente el caso C1 fue clasificado como COCE tipo II, los casos C2 y C3 tipo I; en la inmunohistoquímica encontramos en C1 Ki-67 positivo y ciclina D1 negativo, para C2, Ki 67 negativo y ciclina D1 positivo y para C3 Ki-67 positivo y ciclina D1 negativo. Conclusiones: La búsqueda de marcadores como Ki67 y ciclina D1 en diagnósticos de COCE preestablecidos, pueden influenciar los resultados histológicos, contribuyendo a un diagnóstico más acertado así como los tratamientos a realizar en el paciente.

Abstract: Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasia originated in the epithelium's keratocytes. Early biopsies reveal dysplastic mitotic keratocytes and sub-epithelial inflammatory infiltrate which progress towards a loss of basal membrane. Nevertheless, hematoxillin and eosin (H&E) histological diagnosis does not show suitable clinical correlation; this aspect improves when molecular markers such as Ki-67 and cyclin D1 are used. The aim of the present study was to correlate histological description of OSCC cases with Ki-676 and cyclin D1 expression. Material and methods: Twelve patients with lesions suggestive of oral cancer were analyzed, patients with OSCC diagnosis were included in the study. Single biopsies were taken, observing histological and technical processing for paraffin cuts, coloration with H&E and immunohistochemical coloration with cyclin D1 and Ki-67. Three patients met inclusion criteria, they were named C1, C2 and C3. OSCC type was classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer. Results: Histologically, C1 case was classified as type II OSCC. Cases C2 and C3 were classified as type I OSCC. Immunohistochemical analysis for C1 revealed Ki-67 positive and cyclin D1 negative; C2 exhibited Ki-67 negative and cyclin D1 positive, and C3 showed Ki-67 positive and cyclin D1 negative. Conclusions: Search for markers such as Ki67 and cyclin D1 in pre-established OSCC diagnoses can influence histological results, contributing thus to more accurate diagnosis and treatment for the patients.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

INTRODUCTION: After cardiac surgery, patients have a limitation in respiratory muscle strength, which favors the appearing of pulmonary complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the painful process and respiratory muscle strength in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). METHODS: The study included patients after on-pump CABG through sternotomy, general anesthesia, without being under the influence of neuromuscular blockade, with use of chest and mediastinal tubes, and extubation within 6 hours after the procedure and presenting index equal to or greater than three visual analog scale (VAS) of pain being on the first day after surgery. We recruited 20 patients divided into two groups with no predominance of sex: the control group (n = 10), who received more physiotherapy analgesic therapy, and TENS group received analgesic therapy, physiotherapy and TENS. The TENS was applied for 30 minutes, three times a day, a 3-hour period each application. RESULTS: For the degree of pain, there was an average start and end, respectively, 7.0 / 1.0 for the TENS group and 7.0 / 8.0 for the control group. For inspiratory muscle strength, - 102.5 cmH2O / - 141.17 cm H2O to the TENS group and - 97.0 cmH2O / - 100.3 cm H2O for control. The expiratory muscle strength, 63cmH2O/125 cmH2O for the TENS group and 55.3 cmH2O/53, 2 cmH2O for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: TENS has shown significant effectiveness in reducing pain, and the increase in respiratory muscle strength at first-day after CABG surgery.

Cultural adaptation and reproducibility of the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (Mymop2) / Adaptação cultural e reprodutibilidade do Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (Mymop2)

Abstract Introduction: The Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP 2) is being used as a generic tool to document its effectiveness, together with the evaluation of health systems and their interventions. Objective: To assess the cultural adaptation and reproducibility of the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP2) questionnaire in a sample of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: The study sample consisted of 50 patients undergoing cardiac surgery for myocardial and valve revascularization, which were recruited from the cardiac ICU of a private hospital in Maceió, Alagoas. The MYMOP2 questionnaire was initially translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Cultural and conceptual adaptation were performed, so that patients were able to understand questions. All patients answered this instrument twice, on the same day, with two different interviewers, with an interval of 30 minutes between the interviews. After one day, the questionnaire was repeated on a second visit. This process was carried out with MYMOP and MYMOP2 FOLLOW UP. Reproducibility and validity were tested. Results: Cultural adaptations were made, so that the final version was obtained. Spearman correlation coefficient for MYMOP2 was 1 and FOLLOW UP was 0.794, p < 0.001. There were moderate correlations with the domains of the EQ-5D. MYMOP2 was validated and supported by a significant correlation between change scores and MYMOP2 change scores and the ability to detect an improvement in acute conditions. Conclusion: MYMOP2 questionnaire is reproducible, easy to understand and quick to apply. It should be included and used in any Brazilian study with the objective to assess disease impact over time.

Resumo Introdução: O Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP2) está sendo usado como um instrumento genérico para documentar sua eficácia, juntamente com avaliação dos sistemas de saúde e suas intervenções Objetivo: Avaliar a adaptação cultural e reprodutibilidade do questionário em uma amostra de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Método: A amostra constou de 50 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, recrutados na UTI Cardíaca de um hospital particular em Maceió-AL. Todos os pacientes responderam duas vezes a este instrumento, no mesmo dia, com dois entrevistadores distintos, com intervalo de 30 minutos de uma entrevista para a outra. Depois de um dia, a aplicação do questionário foi repetida numa segunda visita. Este processo foi realizado com o MYMOP2 e com o MYMOP2 FOLLOW UP. Foram testadas a reprodutibilidade e validade dos mesmos. Resultados: Foram feitas as adaptações culturais até ser obtida a versão final. O coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para o MYMOP 2 foi de 1 e o FOLLOW UP foi de 0,794, com p<0,001. Houve correlações moderadas com os domínios do EQ-5D. O MYMOP2 foi validado apoiado pela correlação significativa entre o escore de mudança e a mudança na pontuação MYMOP2 e a capacidade deste instrumento para detectar uma melhora em condições agudas. Conclusão: O questionário MYMOP2 é reprodutível, de fácil compreensão e rápida aplicação, devendo ser incluído e utilizado em qualquer estudo brasileiro em que se queira avaliar o impacto das doenças ao longo do tempo.

Anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and hepatic arterial system: an analysis using multidetector computed tomography angiography / Variações anatômicas do tronco celíaco e sistema arterial hepático: uma análise pela angiotomografia multidetectores

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence of anatomical variations of celiac arterial trunk (CAT) branches and hepatic arterial system (HAS), as well as the CAT diameter, length and distance to the superior mesenteric artery. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional and predominantly descriptive study based on the analysis of multidetector computed tomography images of 60 patients. Results: The celiac trunk anatomy was normal in 90% of cases. Hepatosplenic trunk was found in 8.3% of patients, and hepatogastric trunk in 1.7%. Variation of the HAS was observed in 21.7% of cases, including anomalous location of the right hepatic artery in 8.3% of cases, and of the left hepatic artery, in 5%. Also, cases of joint relocation of right and left hepatic arteries, and trifurcation of the proper hepatic artery were observed, respectively, in 3 (5%) and 2 (3.3%) patients. Mean length and caliber of the CAT were 2.3 cm and 0.8 cm, respectively. Mean distance between CAT and superior mesenteric artery was 1.2 cm (standard deviation = 4.08). A significant correlation was observed between CAT diameter and length, and CAT diameter and distance to superior mesenteric artery. Conclusion: The pattern of CAT variations and diameter corroborate the majority of the literature data. However, this does not happen in relation to the HAS.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de variações anatômicas da ramificação do tronco arterial celíaco (TAC) e do sistema arterial hepático (SAH), o diâmetro e comprimento do TAC e sua distância para a artéria mesentérica superior. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, predominantemente descritivo, baseado na análise de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de 60 pacientes. Resultados: A anatomia do TAC foi normal em 90% dos casos. Cinco (8,3%) pacientes apresentaram o tronco hepatoesplênico e um (1,7%) apresentou o tronco hepatogástrico. O SAH variou em 21,7% dos casos. Desses, 8,3% foram na localização anômala da artéria hepática direita e 5% da artéria hepática esquerda. Ainda foram encontrados 3 (5%) casos de relocalização conjunta da artéria hepática direita e artéria hepática esquerda e 2 (3,3%) de trifurcação da artéria hepática própria. A média de comprimento e o calibre médio do TAC foram, respectivamente, 2,33 cm e 0,8 cm. A distância média entre o TAC e a artéria mesentérica superior foi 1,2 cm, com desviopadrão de 4,08. Houve correlação significativa entre diâmetro e comprimento do TAC, e diâmetro do TAC e distância deste para a artéria mesentérica superior. Conclusão: O padrão de variação do TAC e seu diâmetro corroboram a maioria dos dados da literatura, embora o mesmo não tenha ocorrido em relação ao SAH.

Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica / Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

INTRODUÇÃO: Após a cirurgia cardíaca, os pacientes apresentam limitação na força muscular respiratória, o que favorece a instalação de complicações pulmonares. OBJETIVO: Analisar a eficácia da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea sobre o processo doloroso e força muscular respiratória em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). MÉTODOS: Foram inclusos pacientes em pós-operatório de CRM por meio de esternotomia, com uso de circulação extracorpórea, anestesia geral, sem estar sob efeito de bloqueio neuromuscular, uso de drenos de tórax e mediastino, extubados até 6 horas pós-procedimento e apresentando índice igual ou superior a três na escala analógica visual da dor (EVA), estando no primeiro dia de pós-operatório (1º DPO). Foram recrutados 20 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos, sem predomínio de sexo: Grupo Controle (n=10), que recebeu terapia analgésica mais fisioterapia; e Grupo TENS, que recebeu terapia analgésica, fisioterapia e TENS. A TENS foi aplicada por 30 minutos, três vezes ao dia, num intervalo de 3 horas cada aplicação. RESULTADOS: Para o grau de dor, houve uma média inicial e final, respectivamente, de 7,0 e 1,0 para o Grupo TENS e 7,0 e 8,0 para o Grupo Controle. Para a Pimáx, a média inicial e final foi de, respectivamente, -102,5 cmH2O e -141,17 cmH2O para o Grupo TENS e -97,0 cmH2O e -100,3 cmH2O para o Controle. Quanto a Pemáx, a média inicial e final foi de, respectivamente, 63 cmH2O e 125 cmH2O para o Grupo TENS e 55,3 cmH2O e 53,2 cmH2O para o Grupo Controle. CONCLUSÃO: A TENS demonstrou eficácia significativa na redução da algia e no aumento das forças musculares respiratórias no 1º DPO de CRM.

INTRODUCTION: After cardiac surgery, patients have a limitation in respiratory muscle strength, which favors the appearing of pulmonary complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the painful process and respiratory muscle strength in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). METHODS: The study included patients after on-pump CABG through sternotomy, general anesthesia, without being under the influence of neuromuscular blockade, with use of chest and mediastinal tubes, and extubation within 6 hours after the procedure and presenting index equal to or greater than three visual analog scale (VAS) of pain being on the first day after surgery. We recruited 20 patients divided into two groups with no predominance of sex: the control group (n = 10), who received more physiotherapy analgesic therapy, and TENS group received analgesic therapy, physiotherapy and TENS. The TENS was applied for 30 minutes, three times a day, a 3-hour period each application. RESULTS: For the degree of pain, there was an average start and end, respectively, 7.0 / 1.0 for the TENS group and 7.0 / 8.0 for the control group. For inspiratory muscle strength, - 102.5 cmH2O / - 141.17 cm H2O to the TENS group and - 97.0 cmH2O / - 100.3 cm H2O for control. The expiratory muscle strength, 63cmH2O/125 cmH2O for the TENS group and 55.3 cmH2O/53, 2 cmH2O for the control group. CONCLUSIONS: TENS has shown significant effectiveness in reducing pain, and the increase in respiratory muscle strength at first-day after CABG surgery.