Obesity-dependent metabolic signatures associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression.

Our understanding of the mechanisms by which nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progresses from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) is still very limited. Despite the growing number of studies linking the disease with altered serum metabolite levels, an obstacle to the development of metabolome-based NAFLD predictors has been the lack of large cohort data from biopsy-proven patients matched for key metabolic features such as obesity. We studied 467 biopsied individuals with normal liver histology (n=90) or diagnosed with NAFLD (steatosis, n=246; NASH, n=131), randomly divided into estimation (80% of all patients) and validation (20% of all patients) groups. Qualitative determinations of 540 serum metabolite variables were performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The metabolic profile was dependent on patient body-mass index (BMI), suggesting that the NAFLD pathogenesis mechanism may be quite different depending on an individual's level of obesity. A BMI-stratified multivariate model based on the NAFLD serum metabolic profile was used to separate patients with and without NASH. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 in the estimation and 0.85 in the validation group. The cutoff (0.54) corresponding to maximum average diagnostic accuracy (0.82) predicted NASH with a sensitivity of 0.71 and a specificity of 0.92 (negative/positive predictive values=0.82/0.84). The present data, indicating that a BMI-dependent serum metabolic profile may be able to reliably distinguish NASH from steatosis patients, have significant implications for the development of NASH biomarkers and potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention.

Assessment of post-splenectomy residual splenic function. Splenic autotransplants.

Splenectomy increases the risk of fulminant sepsis. The present study assesses residual splenic function in patients splenectomized due to traumatic rupture of the spleen; and six cases with splenic autotransplants. Splenic tissue was observed in only 48% of the splenectomized patients and 100% of the autotransplant cases. The two most reliable analytical parameters to assess the presence of functional splenic tissue, were the absence of Howell-Jolly bodies and normal IgM blood levels. In cases where total splenectomy is indicated, it has proved useful to perform autotransplantation of splenic tissue at omentum major level.

[Extrahepatic biliary lesions in abdominal traumatism]. / Lesiones biliares extrahepáticas en el traumatismo abdominal.

The extrahepatic biliary tree traumatisms are rare and hard to diagnose; 15 of 864 patients with surgery treatment for abdominal trauma for over 19 years (1974-1992) were studied retrospectively. Twelve blunt abdominal traumas (9 traffic accident and 3 falls down) and 3 open traumas (stabbing in two and gunshot wounds in one case). Eleven had gallbladder injury, two gallbladder and biliary duct and two exclusively biliary duct. Only one case was an isolated lesion, in the rest of cases, intra or extra abdominal lesions, occasionally both, were seen. The diagnostic method, associated lesions, morbi-mortality are reviewed. Surgical treatment was cholecystectomy for gallbladder injury and direct suture with T-tube (Kehr) for biliary duct injury.

[Surgery of early gastric cancer. Twenty-five year experience]. / Cirugía del cáncer gástrico precoz. Experiencia en 25 años.

AIM: To study the influence of the depth of parietal invasion (mucosal-submucosal), the presence or absence of ganglionic invasion and type of gastrectomy performed (subtotal or total) on survival in patients with early gastric cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal study. PATIENTS: A clinical-pathologic study of 101 patients who underwent surgery for early gastric cancer was performed. Probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier and logrank tests and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox test. RESULTS: Mucosal involvement was found in 46 patients (45.5%) and submucosal involvement in 55 patients (54.5%). The presence of ganglionic metastases was greater in tumors reaching the submucosa (14 [25.5%]) than in those limited to the mucosa (4 [8.7%]). Partial gastrectomy was performed according to tumor location in 84 patients (83.2%), total gastrectomy was performed in 16 patients (15.8%) and 1 wedge resection was performed. The mean postoperative follow-up was 84.04 55.89 months (range: 2-264). Comparison of survival in patients with tumors limited to the mucosal or submucosal layers revealed a p-value of 0.06 (NS). Comparison of survival in patients with metastases and in those without metastases revealed a p-value of < 0.0001. Comparison of survival between patients who underwent total gastrectomy and those who underwent partial gastrectomy showed a p-value of 0.38 (NS). Postoperative mortality was nil. Overall survival at 5 years was 79.24% and at 10 years was 68.14%. Multivariate analysis revealed that ganglionic involvement and depth of parietal invasion influenced survival. CONCLUSIONS: Survival is influenced by ganglionic involvement but not by submucosal invasion. Partial gastrectomy may be an appropriate procedure since survival is similar to that associated with total gastrectomy.

Initial results of robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy with intrathoracic hand-sewn anastomosis in the prone position.

BACKGROUND: There is scanty experience concerning robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy, so every new experience is helpful. METHODS: We describe the techniques and short-term results of Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy using a laparoscopic approach and robot-assisted thoracoscopy, and an observational study of prospective surveillance of the first 14 patients treated for oesophageal cancer. A gastric tube was created laparoscopically. Oesophagectomy was performed through a robot-assisted thoracoscopy followed by hand-sewn intrathoracic anastomosis. RESULTS: There were no conversion cases. Mortality was zero. Six patients had a major complication. There were no cases of respiratory complication or recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Three patients had a radiological fistula (21.4%), successfully treated by endoscopic stenting, and one (7.1%) had an anastomosis leak needing reoperation. There were two cases of chylothorax (14.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Our initial results suggest that the reported technique is safe and satisfies the oncological principles. It provides the advantages of minimally invasive surgery by overcoming some limitations of conventional thoracoscopy.