Weight loss and mortality in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In the first reported cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, people living with HIV (PLHIV) suffered weight loss, which was an independent predictor of mortality. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed this scenario for ideal weight, overweight, and even obesity. However, some PLHIV, even on HAART, continue to lose weight. Thus, the guiding question of the study was: do PLHIV hospitalized using HAART with weight loss have higher mortality than hospitalized PLHIV using HAART without weight loss? METHOD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, searched in the MedLine, Embase, and LILACS databases from March 2020, until October 2023, reported by MOOSE. We analyzed the methodological quality and risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Cohort Studies; used the risk ratio (RR) to calculate the probability of hospitalized PLWH who lost weight dying, applied the random effect model and created the funnel plot. We used the inverse variance test estimated by the Mantel-Haenszel method, considering a 95% confidence interval (CI), heterogeneity (I2), total effect size (Z), and significance value of p < 0.05. We performed a sensitivity analysis with meta-regression and meta-analyses on subgroups to diagnose influence and outliers. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation were analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system (GRADE). RESULTS: We included 10 of the 711 studies identified, totaling 1,637 PLHIV. The studies were from South Africa (1), Canada (1), China (1), Brazil (1), Cameroon (1), Ethiopia (1), Thailand (1), Colombia (1), and Tanzania (2), from 1996 to 2017. The average age of the participants was 33.1 years old, and the male was predominant. The leading causes of hospital admission were related to co-infections, and the average hospitalization time was 20.5 days. The prevalence of death in hospitalized PLHIV using HAART who lost weight was 57.5%, with a 1.5 higher risk of dying (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.19, p = 0.04) than hospitalized PLHIV who did not lose weight. CONCLUSION: We concluded, with a very low confidence level, that that weight loss significantly increased the risk of death in hospitalized PLWH using HAART. TRIAL REGISTRATION AND FUNDING: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020191246 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020191246 .

Characterization of intracranial compliance in healthy subjects using a noninvasive method - results from a multicenter prospective observational study.

PURPOSE: An FDA-approved non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring system enables the assessment of ICP waveforms by revealing and analyzing their morphological variations and parameters associated with intracranial compliance, such as the P2/P1 ratio and time-to-peak (TTP). The aim of this study is to characterize intracranial compliance in healthy volunteers across different age groups. METHODS: Healthy participants, both sexes, aged from 9 to 74 years old were monitored for 5 min in the supine position at 0º. Age was stratified into 4 groups: children (≤ 7 years); young adults (18 ≤ age ≤ 44 years); middle-aged adults (45 ≤ age ≤ 64 years); older adults (≥ 65 years). The data obtained was the non-invasive ICP waveform, P2/P1 ratio and TTP. RESULTS: From December 2020 to February 2023, 188 volunteers were assessed, of whom 104 were male, with a median (interquartile range) age of 41 (29-51), and a median (interquartile range) body mass index of 25.09 (22.57-28.04). Men exhibited lower values compared to women for both the P2/P1 ratio and TTP (p < 0.001). There was a relative rise in both P2/P1 and TTP as age increased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that the P2/P1 ratio and TTP are influenced by age and sex in healthy individuals, with men displaying lower values than women, and both ratios increasing with age. These findings suggest potential avenues for further research with larger and more diverse samples to establish reference values for comparison in various health conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-9nv2h42), retrospectively registered 05/24/2022. UTN: U1111-1266-8006.

Usability of Telehealth Systems for Noncommunicable Diseases in Primary Care From the COVID-19 Pandemic Onward: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth was expanded without the opportunity to extensively evaluate the adopted technology's usability. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to synthesize evidence on health professionals' perceptions regarding the usability of telehealth systems in the primary care of individuals with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs; hypertension and diabetes) from the COVID-19 pandemic onward. METHODS: A systematic review was performed of clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective observational studies, and studies that used qualitative data collection and analysis methods published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese from March 2020 onward. The databases queried were MEDLINE, Embase, BIREME, IEEE Xplore, BVS, Google Scholar, and grey literature. Studies involving health professionals who used telehealth systems in primary care and managed patients with NCDs from the COVID-19 pandemic onward were considered eligible. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed. Data were extracted to provide a narrative qualitative evidence synthesis of the included articles. The risk of bias and methodological quality of the included studies were analyzed. The primary outcome was the usability of telehealth systems, while the secondary outcomes were satisfaction and the contexts in which the telehealth system was used. RESULTS: We included 11 of 417 retrieved studies, which had data from 248 health care professionals. These health care professionals were mostly doctors and nurses with prior experience in telehealth in high- and middle-income countries. Overall, 9 studies (82%) were qualitative studies and 2 (18%) were quasiexperimental or multisite trial studies. Moreover, 7 studies (64%) addressed diabetes, 1 (9%) addressed diabetes and hypertension, and 3 (27%) addressed chronic diseases. Most studies used a survey to assess usability. With a moderate confidence level, we concluded that health professionals considered the usability of telehealth systems to be good and felt comfortable and satisfied. Patients felt satisfied using telehealth. The most important predictor for using digital health technologies was ease of use. The main barriers were technological challenges, connectivity issues, low computer literacy, inability to perform complete physical examination, and lack of training. Although the usability of telehealth systems was considered good, there is a need for research that investigates factors that may influence the perceptions of telehealth usability, such as differences between private and public services; differences in the level of experience of professionals, including professional experience and experience with digital tools; and differences in gender, age groups, occupations, and settings. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated incredible demand for virtual care. Professionals' favorable perceptions of the usability of telehealth indicate that it can facilitate access to quality care. Although there are still challenges to telehealth, more than infrastructure challenges, the most reported challenges were related to empowering people for digital health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021296887; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=296887. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.21801/ppcrj.2022.82.6.

Judicialization of health: profile of demands for oncological medicines in a state in the central region of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The significant increase in access to oncological medicines through court cases suggests that constitutional guarantees of integral and universal care in the Brazilian public health system are uncertain. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze data from lawsuits requesting oncological medicines from 2014 to 2020 in the State of Goiás, Brazil, in state and federal courts. Sociodemographic, medical, and legal variables were statistically examined using descriptive, association, and correlation methods. RESULTS: Women brought more than half (54%) of the 301 processes analyzed. The most frequent age group was over 55 years, with income below 3 × the minimum wage (total about USD$600/month), and their cases were promoted through the public minister and public defender's offices. The most requested medications, not on official public health system lists, were indicated for multiple myeloma and brain cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Improved quality of life, frequently used as a justification, could be conceptually confused with increased survival. Finally, judicialization itself indicates that individual health needs arise even with properly defined and adequately implemented public policies. These needs should be considered for the adequate provisioning of services by the state to ensure the right to health.

Immunologic biomarkers, morbidity and mortality among HIV patients hospitalised in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Brazilian Amazon.

BACKGROUND: The irregular use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and late diagnosis still account for a large part of HIV-associated mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Herein, we describe HIV-associated morbidity among hospitalised HIV/AIDS patients with advanced immunosuppression and assess the comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and immunological markers associated with mortality. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) in Manaus, Brazil. In all, 83 participants aged between 12 and 70 years were enrolled by convenience within 72 h of their hospitalisation. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. We prospectively measured the cytokines Th1/Th2/Th17 and inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-1ß, and IL-12 using cytometric bead array, and the soluble CD14 using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The HIV/AIDS inpatients presented a scenario of respiratory syndromes as the most prevalent comorbidity. Almost all patients had CD4 T counts below 350 cells/mL and the mortality rate was 20.5%. Pulmonary tuberculosis, neurotoxoplasmosis and oropharyngeal-esophageal candidiasis were the most prevalent opportunistic infections. TB and weight loss were more prevalent in HIV/AIDS inpatients who died. The Mann Whitney analysis showed that those who died had higher platelet distribution width (PDW) on admission, which is suggestive for platelet activation. The Poisson multivariate analysis showed the prevalence of TB, digestive syndrome and increases in IL-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) associated to death. CONCLUSIONS: The advanced immunosuppression characterized by the opportunistic infections presented in these HIV/AIDS inpatients was the major factor of mortality. The role of platelet activation in worse outcomes of hospitalisation and the IL-8 associated with the context of advanced immunosuppression may be promising markers in the prediction of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients.

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase-derived hydrogen peroxide effect in grafts used in human coronary bypass surgery.

Recently, H2O2 has been identified as the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), which mediates flow-induced dilation in human coronary arteries. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is expressed in the cardiovascular system and, besides NO, generates H2O2 The role of nNOS-derived H2O2 in human vessels is so far unknown. The present study was aimed at investigating the relevance of nNOS/H2O2 signaling in the human internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein (SV), the major conduits used in coronary artery bypass grafting. In the IMA, but not in the SV, ACh (acetylcholine)-induced vasodilatation was decreased by selective nNOS inhibition with TRIM or Inhibitor 1, and by catalase, which specifically decomposes H2O2 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which generates H2O2 from superoxide, decreased the vasodilator effect of ACh on SV. In the IMA, SOD diminished phenylephrine-induced contraction in endothelium-containing, but not in endothelium-denuded vessels. Importantly, while exogenous H2O2 produced vasodilatation in IMA, it constricted SV. ACh increased H2O2 production in both sets of vessels. In the IMA, the increase in H2O2 was inhibited by catalase and nNOS blockade. In SV, H2O2 production was abolished by catalase and reduced by nNOS inhibition. Immunofluorescence experiments showed the presence of nNOS in the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells of both the IMA and SV. Together, our results clearly show that H2O2 induced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in the IMA, whereas, in the SV, H2O2 was a vasoconstrictor. Thus, H2O2 produced in the coronary circulation may contribute to the susceptibility to accelerated atherosclerosis and progressive failure of the SV used as autogenous graft in coronary bypass surgery.

Women's experience with contraception from the perspective of gender. / Vivência de mulheres quanto a contracepção na perspectiva de gênero.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the experience of women with contraception from the perspective of gender. METHODS: Qualitative and exploratory-descriptive study conducted at three basic healthcare units in the city of Lagoa Seca - PB, Brazil, with 15 women interviewed between January and May 2013. The content analysis technique was used to process the data. RESULTS: Data analysis led to the core category 'women's contraceptive choices and their relationship with gender dynamics', that subsequently led to the subcategories 'unequal construction of gender identities in childhood and adolescence', 'outcome of gender dynamics in (contra)ception during adolescence', and ' medicalisation of the female body'. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that the experience with contraception is related to the dynamics of gender, with the outcome of teenage pregnancy and the medicalization of the body.

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing pain in preterm infants: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most effective non-pharmacological measures for pain control in preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). METHODS: A Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish from April 2020 to December 2023. The data sources used were MedLine via PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Pedro. We performed the risk of bias analysis with Rob 2 and the certainty of the evidence and strength of the recommendation using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. We assessed heterogeneity using the Higgins and Thompson I2 test, the classification of interventions using the P-score, and inconsistencies using the Direct Evidence Plot. RESULTS: From 210 publications identified, we utilized 12 studies in analysis with 961 preterm infants, and we combined ten studies in network meta-analysis with 716 preterm infants, and 12 combinations of non-pharmacological measures. With moderate confidence, sensory saturation, sugars, non-nutritive sucking, maternal heart sound, lullaby, breast milk odor/taste, magnetic acupuncture, skin-to-skin contact, and facilitated tucking have been shown to reduce pain in preterm infants when compared to no intervention, placebo, proparacaine or standard NICU routine: sensory saturation [SMD 5,25 IC 95%: -8,98; -1,53], sugars [SMD 2,32 IC 95%: -3,86; -0,79], pacifier [SMD 3,74 IC 95%: -7,30; 0,19], and sugars and pacifier SMD [3,88 IC 95% -7,72; -0,04]. CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacological measures are strongly recommended for pain management in preterm infants in the NICU. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings of this study have important implications for policy and practice. This is the only systematic review that compared the effectiveness of non-pharmacological measures, thus making it possible to identify which measure presents the best results and could be the first choice in clinical decision making.

Prone positioning in awake patients without ventilatory support does not alter major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: results from a retrospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: During the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, clinicians recommended awake-prone positioning (APP) to avoid the worst outcomes. The objectives of this study were to investigate if APP reduces intubation, death rates, and hospital length of stay (HLOS) in acute COVID-19. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort with non-mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in a reference center in Manaus, Brazil, 2020. Participants were stratified into APP and awake-not-prone positioning (ANPP) groups. Also, we conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to understand if this intervention had different outcomes in resource-limited settings (PROSPERO CRD42023422452). RESULTS: A total of 115 participants were allocated into the groups. There was no statistical difference between both groups regarding time to intubation (HR: 0.861; 95CI: 0.474-1.1562; p=0.622) and time to death (HR: 1.666; 95CI: 0.939-2.951; p=0.081). APP was not significantly associated with reduced HLOS. A total of 86 articles were included in the systematic review, of which 76 (88,3%) show similar findings after APP. Also, low/middle, and high-income countries were similar regarding such outcomes. CONCLUSION: APP in COVID-19 does not present clinical improvement that affects mortality, intubation rate and HLOS. The lack of a prone position protocol, obtained through a controlled study, is necessary. After 3 years, APP benefits are still inconclusive.

Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA): factors associated with work in adolescence. / Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA): fatores associados ao trabalho na adolescência.

This study aimed to verify the association between work and sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and cardiovascular risk in Brazilian adolescents. Data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) were analyzed, with a sample of 37,815 adolescents aged 12-17 years and morning shift students. Considering complex sampling, crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) were calculated with interval estimates for variables by Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance estimate. The sociodemographic factors associated with work among Brazilian adolescents were male gender (PR 1.34), aged 15-17 years, with maternal schooling up to elementary school (PR 1.26), public school students (PR 1.63), and from the rural area (PR 1.90). Regarding lifestyle habits and social behavior, the association was significant in physically active (PR 1.19) and alcohol-consuming students (PR 1.35). In conclusion, work among Brazilian adolescent morning shift students is still strongly linked to social issues. Work was associated with alcohol consumption, and there was no association with metabolic markers.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar associação entre trabalho e fatores sociodemográficos, de condutas de saúde e de risco cardiovasculares em adolescentes brasileiros. Foram analisados dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), com amostra constituída de 37.815 adolescentes com idades entre 12 e 17 anos, estudantes do turno matutino. Considerando a amostragem complexa, foram calculadas as Razões de Prevalências (RP) brutas e ajustadas com estimativas intervalares para as variáveis usando modelo de regressão múltipla de Poisson com estimativa robusta da variância. Os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao trabalho entre adolescentes brasileiros foram: sexo masculino (RP 1,34), idade entre 15 e 17 anos (RP 1,68), escolaridade materna até o fundamental (RP 1,26), de escola pública (RP 1,63) e da zona rural (RP 1,90). Em relação a hábitos de vida e comportamento social, a associação foi significativa em alunos ativos fisicamente (RP 1,19) e que consumiam álcool (RP 1,35). Em conclusão, o trabalho entre adolescentes brasileiros estudantes do turno matutino ainda está ligado fortemente às questões sociais. O trabalho foi associado ao consumo de álcool e não houve associação com marcadores metabólicos.

Predictive equations for respiratory muscle strength by anthropometric variables.

Recent studies have pointed out divergences in the predictive quality of reference equations for respiratory muscle strength, alerting the need to introduce into these equation-specific variables for certain target populations. OBJECTIVES: This study proposes predictive equations of respiratory muscle strength by the variables such as body weight and body mass index (BMI = weight/height2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, and the evaluation was made by the test of maximum static respiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) according to standard protocol of the Brazilian Society of Pneumology and Tisiology. For data analysis, the following three models of linear regression were adjusted: age, age/weight, age/BMI. The software used in the analysis was the R version 3.2.1. RESULTS: Of the 353 subjects evaluated (229 women and 124 men), 109 subjects were normal weight, 101 subjects were overweight and 143 subjects were obese. The BMI average of the individuals was 31.42 ± 10.26 kg/m2 and age 46.26 ± 16.47 years. The two statistical models that considered the variables weight and BMI had the R2 value of 29.86% for MEP and 21.77% for MIP when the weight was the predictive variable and 21.33% for MIP and 28.38% for MEP when the variable was BMI. CONCLUSION: It was found with the adjusted models that there was a considerable gain in the predictive quality of the models for MEP and MIP adding weight or BMI, without significant difference between both.

Vivências das puérperas no centro de parto normal / Vivencias de las puérperas en el centro de parto normal / Experiences of puerperal women in the normal birth center

Objetivos: compreender a vivência das puérperas na parturição no Centro de Parto Normal em um município do Agreste Paraibano. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com puérperas, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2020, em um Centro de Parto Normal. Os dados foram analisados conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: dos dados empíricos emergiram as categorias: O cuidado da enfermeira obstétrica no contexto do Centro de Parto Normal; A presença do acompanhante durante o trabalho de parto. Constatou-se que as mulheres ficaram satisfeitas com o cuidado recebido pelas enfermeiras obstétricas. Foi evidenciado que a fisiologia, as escolhas e os sentimentos das mulheres foram respeitados durante o internamento. Conclusão: os cuidados ofertados proporcionaram vivências positivas, segurança e bem-estar no parto e pós-parto.

Objetivos: comprender la vivencia de las puérperas en el parto en el Centro de Parto Normal en un municipio del Agreste de Paraíba. Método: se trata de estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativa, realizado con puérperas, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada. La recogida de datos ocurrió en los meses de enero y febrero de 2020, en un Centro de Parto Normal. Los datos fueron analizados conforme a la técnica de análisis de contenido temática. Resultados: de los datos empíricos emergieron las categorías: El cuidado de la enfermera obstétrica en el contexto del Centro de Parto Normal; La presencia del acompañante durante el trabajo de parto. Se constató que las mujeres quedaron satisfechas con el cuidado recibido por las enfermeras obstétricas. Se evidenció que la fisiología, las elecciones y los sentimientos de las mujeres fueron respetados durante el internamiento. Conclusión: los cuidados ofrecidos proporcionaron vivencias positivas, seguridad y bienestar en el parto y posparto.

Objective: to understand the experience of puerperal women in childbirth in the Normal Birth Center in a municipality of Paraíba's countryside. Method: this is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, conducted with puerperal women, through semi-structured interviews. Data collection occurred in January and February 2020, in a Normal Birth Center. The data were analyzed according to the thematic content analysis technique. Results: the following categories emerged from the empirical data: Obstetric nurse care in the context of the Normal Birth Center; The presence of the companion during labor. Women were satisfied with the care received by obstetric nurses. The physiology, choices and feelings of women were respected during hospitalization. Conclusion: the care offered provided positive experiences, safety and well-being in birth and postpartum.

Perfil dos autores e características da violência contra mulheres em um centro de referência de campina grande, Paraíba-Brasil / Profile of perpetrators and characteristics of violence against women in a reference center in Campina Grande, Paraíba- Brazil

A violência de gênero é uma grave violação dos direitos humanos e resulta das relações desiguais de poder entre mulheres e homens. A caracterização da violência pode contribuir para ações de enfrentamento a partir dos fatores relacionados aos agressores e aos atos violentos. Objetiva Analisar o perfil dos autores e as características da violência perpetrada contra a mulher em um Centro de Referência do Nordeste brasileiro. Estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo, do tipo documental, desenvolvido entre setembro e novembro de 2021, a partir de fichas de atendimento de 250 mulheres em situação de violência. Utilizou-se um instrumento estruturado e a análise descritiva foi realizada por meio da frequência absoluta e relativa. Predominam os autores na faixa etária de 36 a 50 anos, ensino médio completo, gênero masculino e heterossexual, casado, empregado e em ocupação de caráter formal. A maioria dos autores são conhecidos das mulheres, usuários de drogas lícitas e possuem grau de relação de companheiro. A violência psicológica e a violência física foram as mais frequentes, em alguns casos atrelados ao uso de objetos. Conclusão: O estudo identificou o perfil dos autores e as características relacionadas ao ato de violência contra as mulheres. Tais informações contribuem para conformar políticas, medidas socioeducativas e intervenções mais eficazes que podem ser instauradas no âmbito público

Gender-based violence is a serious violation of human rights and results from unequal power relations between women and men. The characterization of violence can contribute to coping actions based on factors related to aggressors and violent acts. Objective: To analyze the profile of the perpetrators and the characteristics of violence perpetrated against women in a Reference Center in the Brazilian Northeast. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, documentary study, developed between September and November 2021, based on care records from 250 women in situations of violence. A structured instrument was used and the descriptive analysis was carried out using absolute and relative frequency. Results: The authors predominate in the age group of 36 to 50 years, completed high school, male and heterosexual, married, employed and in a formal occupation. Most of the authors are known to women, users of legal drugs and have a partner relationship. Psychological violence and physical violence were the most frequent, in some cases linked to the use of objects. Conclusion: The study identified the profile of the perpetrators and the characteristics related to acts of violence against women. Such information contributes to shaping more effective policies, socio-educational measures and interventions that can be implemented in the public sphere

Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation.

To translate and cross-culturally adapt to the Brazilian-Portuguese language (BP), five items were added to Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to validate the resulting HAQ-S BP version for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The items were translated into BP following translation and back-translation. To assess validity, 25 patients were evaluated using the HAQ, Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI), and laboratory variables (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein). One question required modification to adapt culturally to Brazilian conditions. The test-retest and interobserver correlation coefficients were 0.990 (p<0.05) and 0.993 (p<0.05), respectively. HAQ-S BP correlated to BASFI (r=0.574; p<0.05) and to HAQ (r=0.963; p<0.05), but not to BASDAI (r=0.282), BASMI (r=0.194), and laboratory variable. Individually, the fifth item referring to driving correlated highly to neck rotation (r=0.900; p<0.05), while the HAQ-S BP correlated to the neck rotation component (r=0.303), but did not reach statistical significance. The HAQ-S BP version demonstrated adequate reproducibility, internal consistency and validity, confirming its utility in the research of AS in Brazil.

Brazilian-Portuguese version and applicability questionnaire of the mobility index for ankylosing spondyliti.

PURPOSE: To translate and adapt the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Methodology Index (BASMI) - a metrological measurement for the assessment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis to Brazilian-Portuguese and to analyze the applicability of the questionnaire. METHODS: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Methodology Index was achieved through a translation and back-translation process. This new Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Methodology Index version was administered to 25 consecutive patients with ankylosing spondylitis who met the 1984 New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis and were followed in the Soronegative Spondyloarthropathy Unit of the Rheumatology Division, São Paulo University Medical School, from May to November 2005. In order to evaluate the applicability of the questionnaire, it was administered to patients by 2 separate observers, A and B (Rheumatologists), enabling inter-observer test analysis. After 2 weeks, the second interview was administered to the same patients by observer A only to analyze the intra-observer test. All interviews were conducted in the morning. The Pearson coefficient correlation was used to evaluate applicability. RESULTS: There was no conflict stemming from translation and re-translation of Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Methodology Index questionnaire, and cross-cultural adaptation proved unnecessary. All components had statistically significant coefficients for intra- and inter-observational applicability, with scores ranging from 0.85 to 1.00 and 0.80 to 0.94, respectively. DISCUSSION: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Methodology Index proved to be an applicable instrument for analyzing the mobility index of Brazilian patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Capacidade funcional de indivíduos com doenças crônicas / Functional capacity of individuals with chronic diseases

Introdução: As doenças crônicas são condições complexas de saúde associadas a sintomas variados, que aumentam a propensão a exacerbações, redução da capacidade funcional e piora da qualidade de vida (QV). Assim, restabelecer a capacidade funcional pode ser um importante alvo terapêutico, reduzindo a morbidade e a mortalidade. Para tal, torna-se necessária a monitorização dessa importante variável. Objetivo: Investigar a capacidade funcional de indivíduos com doenças crônicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal de amostra por conveniência com indivíduos adultos com doenças crônicas, o qual analisou o nível de capacidade funcional utilizando o Teste de Caminhada de 6 Minutos (TC6M) e o teste de sentar e levantar. A capacidade cardiorrespiratória por meio do questionário Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) e dispneia pelo Medical Research Council (MRC). Para avaliar o impacto da doença na vida do indivíduo, foi analisada a qualidade de vida (QV) pelo Questionário do Hospital Saint George na Doença Respiratória (SGRQ), o Questionário STOP-BANG para a detecção do risco de Síndrome Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) e para a avaliação da Sonolência Excessiva Diurna (SES) foi utilizado o questionário de Epworth. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico SigmaPlot versão 11.0 (Systat Software). Resultados: Foram estudados 77 indivíduos com doenças crônicas, sendo o principal diagnóstico a DPOC. A maior parte apresentou dispneia grau 2, aproximadamente 39% Sonolência Diurna e, aproximadamente, 25% alto risco de SAOS. A QV foi reduzida em todos os domínios, principalmente no domínio que analisou o impacto da doença na vida. A capacidade cardiorrespiratória foi baixa. A distância percorrida média no TC6m correspondeu a 72,72% do valor predito, demonstrando baixa capacidade funcional. Conclusão: Os indivíduos, com doenças crônicas, estudados apresentaram condições de saúde comprometidas de maneira multidimensional, com redução da capacidade funcional. Houve redução da qualidade de vida e da qualidade de sono, com a presença de distúrbio do sono em uma parcela significativa, além da presença de uma variedade de condições que repercutiram negativamente na sua vida. (AU)

Pressões respiratórias máximas em indivíduos obesos antes e após cirurgia bariátrica / Maximum respiratory pressure in obese individuals before and after bariatric surgery

A obesidade é uma doença crônica e multifatorial que leva a alterações sistêmicas e é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial. Entre as alterações respiratórias decorrentes da obesidade se discute como o ganho de peso ou a perda deste pode interferir nas pressões respiratórias máximas (PRM), não existindo consenso na literatura. Objetivo: Analisar o poder preditivo das equações de referência para PMR em obesos antes e após perda de peso. Métodos: Estudo transversal no qual foram incluídos vinte pacientes obesos dos Programas de Cirurgia Bariátrica de hospitais de referência em Manaus/Amazonas, que tiveram as PRM avaliadas por meio de manuvacuometria antes e aproximadamente um ano e meio após a cirurgia bariátrica. Resultados: O peso médio diminuiu de 138,5 ± 21,7 kg para 82,7 ± 8,2 kg após a cirurgia. As PRM foram supranormais antes da cirurgia e reduzidas após a cirurgia. Entre as equações analisadas, apenas as propostas por Sanchez et al. foram capazes de predizer os valores medidos. Conclusão: As PRM foram aumentadas nos obesos mórbidos avaliados e reduzidas após a cirurgia. As equações mais utilizadas na prática clínica brasileira parecem não ser capazes de predizer valores de PRM nessa população, sendo as mais adequadas as propostas por Sanchez et al. (AU)

Obesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease and is considered a global public health problem. Among the respiratory changes due to obesity, weight gain or loss of body weight can interfere with maximal respiratory pressures, and there is no consensus in the literature. Objective: To analyze the predictive power of the reference equations for maximal respiratory pressures in obese before and after weight loss. Methods: A crosssectional study was carried out in which 20 obese patients were included in the Bariatric Surgery Programs of reference hospitals in Manaus/Amazonas. The maximal respiratory pressures were assessed by manuvacuometry before and approximately one year after bariatric surgery. Results: The mean weight decreased from 138.5 ± 21.7 kg to 82.7 ± 8.2 kg after surgery. The maximal respiratory pressures were supranormal before surgery and reduced after surgery. Among the analyzed equations, only those proposed by Sanchez et al. were able to predict the measured values. Conclusion: The maximal respiratory pressures were increased in the morbidly obese evaluated and reduced after the surgery. The most used equations in Brazilian clinical practice seem not to be able to predict maximal respiratory pressures values in this population, being the most adequate those proposed by Sanchez et al. (AU)

Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA): fatores associados ao trabalho na adolescência / Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA): factors associated with work in adolescence

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi verificar associação entre trabalho e fatores sociodemográficos, de condutas de saúde e de risco cardiovasculares em adolescentes brasileiros. Foram analisados dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), com amostra constituída de 37.815 adolescentes com idades entre 12 e 17 anos, estudantes do turno matutino. Considerando a amostragem complexa, foram calculadas as Razões de Prevalências (RP) brutas e ajustadas com estimativas intervalares para as variáveis usando modelo de regressão múltipla de Poisson com estimativa robusta da variância. Os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao trabalho entre adolescentes brasileiros foram: sexo masculino (RP 1,34), idade entre 15 e 17 anos (RP 1,68), escolaridade materna até o fundamental (RP 1,26), de escola pública (RP 1,63) e da zona rural (RP 1,90). Em relação a hábitos de vida e comportamento social, a associação foi significativa em alunos ativos fisicamente (RP 1,19) e que consumiam álcool (RP 1,35). Em conclusão, o trabalho entre adolescentes brasileiros estudantes do turno matutino ainda está ligado fortemente às questões sociais. O trabalho foi associado ao consumo de álcool e não houve associação com marcadores metabólicos.

Abstract This study aimed to verify the association between work and sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and cardiovascular risk in Brazilian adolescents. Data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) were analyzed, with a sample of 37,815 adolescents aged 12-17 years and morning shift students. Considering complex sampling, crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) were calculated with interval estimates for variables by Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance estimate. The sociodemographic factors associated with work among Brazilian adolescents were male gender (PR 1.34), aged 15-17 years, with maternal schooling up to elementary school (PR 1.26), public school students (PR 1.63), and from the rural area (PR 1.90). Regarding lifestyle habits and social behavior, the association was significant in physically active (PR 1.19) and alcohol-consuming students (PR 1.35). In conclusion, work among Brazilian adolescent morning shift students is still strongly linked to social issues. Work was associated with alcohol consumption, and there was no association with metabolic markers.

Endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns: an integrative literature review.

Evidence-based practices search for the best available scientific evidence to support problem solving and decision making. Because of the complexity and amount of information related to health care, the results of methodologically sound scientific papers must be integrated by performing literature reviews. Although endotracheal suctioning is the most frequently performed invasive procedure in intubated newborns in neonatal intensive care units, few Brazilian studies of good methodological quality have examined this practice, and a national consensus or standardization of this technique is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review secondary studies on the subject to establish recommendations for endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns and promote the adoption of best-practice concepts when conducting this procedure. An integrative literature review was performed, and the recommendations of this study are to only perform endotracheal suctioning in newborns when there are signs of tracheal secretions and to avoid routinely performing the procedure. In addition, endotracheal suctioning should be conducted by at least two people, the suctioning time should be less than 15 seconds, the negative suction pressure should be below 100 mmHg, and hyperoxygenation should not be used on a routine basis. If indicated, oxygenation is recommended with an inspired oxygen fraction value that is 10 to 20% greater than the value of the previous fraction, and it should be performed 30 to 60 seconds before, during and 1 minute after the procedure. Saline instillation should not be performed routinely, and the standards for invasive procedures must be respected.

Cenas cotidianas do cuidado: a rede cegonha em construção / Everyday scenes of care: the stork network under construction / Escenas cotidianas de cuidados: la red cegonha en construcción

OBJETIVO: desvelar as cenas cotidianas vivenciadas nos serviços de saúde que compõem a Rede Cegonha. MÉTODO: estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na Sociologia Compreensiva do Cotidiano. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho e setembro de 2017, por meio de análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação não participante com os atores sociais envolvidos na Rede Cegonha de um município paraibano. Foram realizadas a triangulação dos dados e a análise de conteúdo temática. RESULTADOS: identificaram-se duas categorias: quem entra na Rede Cegonha? Cenas cotidianas: o (des)cuidado em evidência. Comprovou-se a produção criativa e dinâmica da Rede Cegonha pelos atores sociais, que constroem os caminhos a serem trilhados na busca do cuidado, bem como identificaram-se as lacunas no sistema de apoio diagnóstico e terapêutico que podem comprometer o cuidado. CONCLUSÃO: a Rede Cegonha é reconstruída cotidianamente pela socialidade presente entre os atores sociais dos serviços de saúde que ofertam cuidados materno e infantil.(AU)

Objective: to unveil the daily scenes experienced in the health services that make up the Stork Network. Method: case study of qualitative approach, based on Comprehensive Sociology of Everyday Life. Data collection occurred between July and September 2017, through documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation with social actors involved in the Stork Network of a municipality in the state of Paraíba. We performed data triangulation and thematic content analysis. Results: two categories were identified: who enters the Stork Network? Everyday scenes: (un)care in evidence. It was demonstrated the creative and dynamic production of the Stork Network by social actors, which build the paths to be covered in the search for care, and identified the gaps in the diagnostic and therapeutic support system that can hamper care. Conclusion: the Stork Network is reconstructed daily by the sociality present among the social actors of health services that offer maternal and child care.(AU)

Objetivo: desvelar las escenas cotidianas de los servicios de salud que conforman la Red Cegonha. Método: estudio de caso de enfoque cualitativo, basado en la sociología comprensiva de la vida cotidiana. La recogida de datos tuvo lugar entre julio y septiembre de 2017, a través del análisis de documentos y entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación no participante con los actores sociales involucrados en la Red Cegonha de un municipio de Paraiba. Se realizó la triangulación de datos y el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: se identificaron dos categorías: Quién ingresa a la Red Cegonha? Escenas diarias: el (des) cuidado en evidencia. Se confirmó la producción creativa y dinámica de la...(AU)