Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 106
Filter
1.
J Allergy Clin Immunol ; 153(2): 418-434, 2024 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38344970

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Asthma and other atopic disorders can present with varying clinical phenotypes marked by differential metabolomic manifestations and enriched biological pathways. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify these unique metabolomic profiles in atopy and asthma. METHODS: We analyzed baseline nonfasted plasma samples from a large multisite pediatric population of 470 children aged <13 years from 3 different sites in the United States and France. Atopy positivity (At+) was defined as skin prick test result of ≥3 mm and/or specific IgE ≥ 0.35 IU/mL and/or total IgE ≥ 173 IU/mL. Asthma positivity (As+) was based on physician diagnosis. The cohort was divided into 4 groups of varying combinations of asthma and atopy, and 6 pairwise analyses were conducted to best assess the differential metabolomic profiles between groups. RESULTS: Two hundred ten children were classified as At-As-, 42 as At+As-, 74 as At-As+, and 144 as At+As+. Untargeted global metabolomic profiles were generated through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. We applied 2 independent machine learning classifiers and short-listed 362 metabolites as discriminant features. Our analysis showed the most diverse metabolomic profile in the At+As+/At-As- comparison, followed by the At-As+/At-As- comparison, indicating that asthma is the most discriminant condition associated with metabolomic changes. At+As+ metabolomic profiles were characterized by higher levels of bile acids, sphingolipids, and phospholipids, and lower levels of polyamine, tryptophan, and gamma-glutamyl amino acids. CONCLUSION: The At+As+ phenotype displays a distinct metabolomic profile suggesting underlying mechanisms such as modulation of host-pathogen and gut microbiota interactions, epigenetic changes in T-cell differentiation, and lower antioxidant properties of the airway epithelium.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Hypersensitivity, Immediate , Child , Humans , Asthma/epidemiology , Metabolomics/methods , Metabolome , Immunoglobulin E
2.
J Med Virol ; 96(8): e29804, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39092809

ABSTRACT

Although rhinoviruses play a major role in exacerbations of childhood asthma, the presence of rhinovirus (RV) RNA in plasma, referred to as viremia, has been investigated in a few studies. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of rhinovirus viremia at the time of asthma exacerbation and to describe the molecular characteristics of rhinoviruses associated with viremia. We conducted an observational, prospective, multicenter study in eight pediatric hospitals (VIRASTHMA2). Preschool-aged recurrent wheezers (1-5 years) hospitalized for a severe exacerbation were included. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and molecular typing for RV/enteroviruses (EV) were performed on nasal swabs and plasma. Plasma specimens were available for 105 children with positive RT-PCR for RV/EV in respiratory specimens. Thirty-six (34.3%) had positive viremia. In plasma, 28 (82.4%) of the typable specimens were RV-C, five (14.7%) were EV-D68, and one was RV-A (2.9%). In all cases, the RV/EV type was identical in the plasma and respiratory specimens. In conclusion, RV/EV viremia is frequent in severe exacerbations of preschool recurrent wheezers, particularly in RV-C infections.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Picornaviridae Infections , Rhinovirus , Viremia , Humans , Viremia/virology , Child, Preschool , Rhinovirus/genetics , Rhinovirus/isolation & purification , Rhinovirus/classification , Asthma/virology , Male , Female , Prospective Studies , Picornaviridae Infections/virology , Infant , RNA, Viral/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Plasma/virology
3.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 42(1): 61-66, 2023 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36376766

ABSTRACT

We report in vivo development of cefiderocol (FDC) resistance among four sequential Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates ST244 recovered from a single patient, without exposure to FDC, which raises concern about the effectiveness of this novel drug. The first recovered P. aeruginosa isolate (P-01) was susceptible to FDC (2 µg/mL), albeit this MIC value was higher than that of a wild-type P. aeruginosa (0.12-0.25 µg/ml). The subsequent isolated strains (P-02, P-03, P-04) displayed increasing levels of FDC MICs (8, 16, and 64 µg/ml, respectively). Those isolates also showed variable and gradual increasing levels of resistance to most ß-lactams tested in this study. Surprisingly, no acquired ß-lactamase was identified in any of those isolates. Whole-genome sequence analysis suggested that this resistance was driven by multifactorial mechanisms including mutational changes in iron transporter proteins associated with FDC uptake, ampC gene overproduction, and mexAB-oprM overexpression. These findings highlight that a susceptibility testing to FDC must be performed prior to any prescription.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pseudomonas Infections , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , beta-Lactamases/metabolism , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Cefiderocol
4.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res ; 46(2): 207-220, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34862633

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multiple ethanol binge drinking-like exposures during adolescence in the rat induce neuroinflammation, loss of neurogenesis, and cognitive deficits in adulthood. Interestingly, the first ethanol binge drinking-like exposure during adolescence also induces short- term impairments in cognition and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus though the cellular mechanisms of these effects are unclear. Here, we sought to determine which of the cellular effects of ethanol might play a role in the disturbances in cognition and synaptic plasticity observed in the adolescent male rat after two binge-like ethanol exposures. METHODS: Using immunochemistry, we measured neurogenesis, neuronal loss, astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, and synaptogenesis in the hippocampus of adolescent rats 48 h after two binge-like ethanol exposures (3 g/kg, i.p., 9 h apart). We used flow cytometry to analyze activated microglia and identify the TLR4-expressing cell types. RESULTS: We detected increased hippocampal doublecortin immunoreactivity in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG), astrogliosis in the SGZ, and a reduced number of mature neurons in the DG and in CA3, suggesting compensatory neurogenesis. Synaptic density decreased in the stratum oriens of CA1 revealing structural plasticity. There was no change in microglial TLR4 expression or in the number of activated microglia, suggesting a lack of neuroinflammatory processes, although neuronal TLR4 was decreased in CA1 and DG. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the cognitive deficits associated with hippocampal synaptic plasticity alterations that we previously characterized 48 h after the first binge-like ethanol exposures are associated with hippocampal structural plasticity, astrogliosis, and decreased neuronal TLR4 expression, but not with microglia reactivity.


Subject(s)
Binge Drinking/physiopathology , Ethanol/pharmacology , Gliosis/chemically induced , Neurogenesis/drug effects , Animals , Binge Drinking/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Hippocampus/drug effects , Male , Microglia/metabolism , Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects , Neurons/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
5.
BMC Microbiol ; 21(1): 195, 2021 06 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34182930

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Increasing resistance to antibiotics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to therapeutic deadlock and alternative therapies are needed. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus clinical isolates in vivo, through intranasal administration on a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. RESULTS: We screened in vitro 50 pulmonary clinical isolates of Lactobacillus for their ability to decrease the synthesis of two QS dependent-virulence factors (elastase and pyocyanin) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1. Two blends of three Lactobacillus isolates were then tested in vivo: one with highly effective anti-PAO1 virulence factors properties (blend named L.rff for L. rhamnosus, two L. fermentum strains), and the second with no properties (blend named L.psb, for L. paracasei, L. salivarius and L. brevis). Each blend was administered intranasally to mice 18 h prior to PAO1 pulmonary infection. Animal survival, bacterial loads, cytological analysis, and cytokines secretion in the lungs were evaluated at 6 or 24 h post infection with PAO1. Intranasal priming with both lactobacilli blends significantly improved 7-day mice survival from 12% for the control PAO1 group to 71 and 100% for the two groups receiving L.rff and L.psb respectively. No mortality was observed for both control groups receiving either L.rff or L.psb. Additionally, the PAO1 lung clearance was significantly enhanced at 24 h. A 2-log and 4-log reduction was observed in the L.rff + PAO1 and L.psb + PAO1 groups respectively, compared to the control PAO1 group. Significant reductions in neutrophil recruitment and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion were observed after lactobacilli administration compared to saline solution, whereas IL-10 production was increased. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that intranasal priming with lactobacilli acts as a prophylaxis, and avoids fatal complications caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice. These results were independent of in vitro anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity on QS-dependent virulence factors. Further experiments are required to identify the immune mechanism before initiating clinical trials.


Subject(s)
Lactobacillaceae/immunology , Pneumonia/microbiology , Pneumonia/prevention & control , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas Infections/prevention & control , Administration, Intranasal , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Mice , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology
6.
Med Mycol ; 60(1)2021 Dec 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34734270

ABSTRACT

Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization is frequent during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients constitute potential contributors to its interhuman circulation. However, the existence of an environmental reservoir cannot be excluded. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with Pneumocystis colonization during COPD, and studied circulation between patients and their domestic environment. Pneumocystis molecular detection and mtLSU genotyping were performed in oro-pharyngeal washes (OPW) sampled in 58 patients with COPD acute exacerbation, and in indoor dust, sampled in patients' homes using electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs). Lung and systemic inflammation was assessed. Pneumocystis carriage was evaluated in 28 patients after 18 months at stable state. Pneumocystis was detected in 11/58 OPWs during exacerbation (19.0%). Colonized patients presented a significantly lower body mass index, and higher serum IL-17 and CD62P. One patient presented positive detection of typable isolates in both OPW and EDC, with both isolates harboring mtLSU genotype 3. Pneumocystis genotype 1 was further detected in EDCs from three non-colonized patients and one colonized patient with non-typable isolate. Genotypes 1 and 2 were predominant in clinical isolates (both 42%), with genotype 3 representing 16% of isolates. Pneumocystis was detected in 3/28 patients at stable state (10.7%). These data suggest that Pneumocystis colonization could be facilitated by a lower BMI and be related to acute alteration of lung function during COPD exacerbation. It also suggests Th17 pathway and platelet activation could be involved in the anti-Pneumocystis response during colonization. Last, Pneumocystis detection in EDCs supports its potential persistence in indoor dust. LAY SUMMARY: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients tend to be more frequently colonized by Pneumocystis during exacerbation (19.0%) than at stable state (10.7%). Factors associated with colonization include lower BMI, higher IL-17, and CD62P. Pneumocystis detection in patients' dwellings suggests potential persistence in indoor dust.


Subject(s)
Pneumocystis carinii , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Genotype , Home Environment , Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
7.
Environ Res ; 195: 110850, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33577771

ABSTRACT

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently colonised or sensitised by Aspergillus, but clinical significance remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known on the impact of indoor mould exposure during COPD. In this study, we assessed the relationship between domestic mould exposure, Aspergillus biomarkers and COPD severity during acute exacerbation and at stable state. Aspergillus section Fumigati culture in sputum and anti-Aspergillus antibodies detection (IgG and precipitins) were followed up in COPD patients that were prospectively recruited during exacerbation (n = 62), and underwent a visit at stable state after 18 months (n = 33). Clinical characteristics were collected at inclusion. Electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) were used to measure domestic mould contamination. Aspergillus section Fumigati was more frequently detected during exacerbation (16.9%) than at stable state (4.0%), but the frequency of patients presenting with anti-Aspergillus antibodies was similar (32.2% and 33.3%, respectively). Aspergillus section Fumigati detection was associated with a higher body-mass index (BMI) during exacerbation, whereas patients with anti-Aspergillus antibodies presented a lower BMI and forced expiratory volume in 1 s, as well as a higher frequency of inhaled corticoids and higher total mould and Penicillium exposure at final visit (P < 0.05). The frequency of patients with anti-Aspergillus antibodies was higher for total mould counts >30 CFU/cm2 (P = 0.03). Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 2 patients (6.1%) who presented increased levels of antibodies. Our data suggest that anti-Aspergillus antibodies are associated with chronic lung function alteration and/or domestic mould exposure, thereby supporting the consideration of indoor mould contamination and anti-Aspergillus antibodies kinetics in COPD management.


Subject(s)
Aspergillosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Aspergillus , Biomarkers , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Lung
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(13)2021 Jun 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34206324

ABSTRACT

The gene cluster region, CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4, encoding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, contains several genetic variants linked to nicotine addiction and brain disorders. The CHRNA5 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968 is strongly associated with nicotine dependence and lung diseases. Using immunostaining studies on tissue sections and air-liquid interface airway epithelial cell cultures, in situ hybridisation, transcriptomic and cytokines detection, we analysed rs16969968 contribution to respiratory airway epithelial remodelling and modulation of inflammation. We provide cellular and molecular analyses which support the genetic association of this polymorphism with impaired ciliogenesis and the altered production of inflammatory mediators. This suggests its role in lung disease development.


Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Gene Expression Regulation , Inflammation , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics , Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 , Gene Expression Profiling , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Lung Diseases/genetics , Lung Diseases/metabolism , Multigene Family , Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology , Receptors, Nicotinic/physiology , Respiratory Mucosa/physiopathology , Tobacco Use Disorder/genetics , Tobacco Use Disorder/metabolism
9.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(1)2021 Dec 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35008535

ABSTRACT

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are implicated in several pathologies, such as metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological diseases, as well as in cancer and aging. These metabolic alterations are usually assessed in human or murine samples by mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic assays, by measuring the oxygen consumption of intact mitochondria isolated from tissues, or from cells obtained after physical or enzymatic disruption of the tissues. However, these methodologies do not maintain tissue multicellular organization and cell-cell interactions, known to influence mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we develop an optimal model to measure mitochondrial oxygen consumption in heart and lung tissue samples using the XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer (Seahorse) and discuss the advantages and limitations of this technological approach. Our results demonstrate that tissue organization, as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure and respiratory function, are preserved in heart and lung tissues freshly processed or after overnight conservation at 4 °C. Using this method, we confirmed the repeatedly reported obesity-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart and extended it to the lungs. We set up and validated a new strategy to optimally assess mitochondrial function in murine tissues. As such, this method is of great potential interest for monitoring mitochondrial function in cohort samples.


Subject(s)
Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Aging/physiology , Animals , Cell Communication/physiology , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Respiration/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Heart/physiology , Humans , Lung/physiology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mitochondria/physiology , Mitochondrial Membranes/physiology , Rats , Respiratory Function Tests/methods
10.
Neurobiol Dis ; 141: 104941, 2020 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32422281

ABSTRACT

In recent years, substantial evidence has emerged to suggest that spreading of pathological proteins contributes to disease pathology in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Work from our laboratory and others have shown that, despite its strictly genetic nature, Huntington's disease (HD) may be another condition in which this mechanism contributes to pathology. In this study, we set out to determine if the mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) present in post-mortem brain tissue derived from HD patients can induce pathology in mice and/or non-human primates. For this, we performed three distinct sets of experiments where homogenates were injected into the brains of adult a) Wild-type (WT) and b) BACHD mice or c) non-human primates. Neuropathological assessments revealed that, while changes in the endogenous huntingtin were not apparent, mHTT could spread between cellular elements and brain structures. Furthermore, behavioural differences only occurred in the animal model of HD which already overexpressed mHTT. Taken together, our results indicate that mHTT derived from human brains has only a limited capacity to propagate between cells and does not depict prion-like characteristics. This contrasts with recent work demonstrating that other forms of mHTT - such as fibrils of a pathological polyQ length or fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from HD cases - can indeed disseminate disease throughout the brain in a prion-like fashion.


Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Huntingtin Protein/genetics , Huntingtin Protein/metabolism , Protein Aggregation, Pathological , Animals , Behavior, Animal , Brain/metabolism , Child , Female , Humans , Huntingtin Protein/administration & dosage , Macaca mulatta , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mutation , Neurons/pathology
11.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol ; 31(6): 651-661, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32352598

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preschool asthma/recurrent wheeze is a heterogeneous condition. Different clinical phenotypes have been described, including episodic viral wheeze (EVW), severe intermittent wheeze (SIW), and multiple-trigger wheeze (MTW). OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical, viral, and inflammatory/immune profiling at exacerbation between MTW, SIW, and EVW phenotypes. METHODS: Multicenter, prospective, observational cohort (VIRASTHMA-2). Children (1-5 years) with preschool asthma were enrolled during hospitalization for a severe exacerbation. History and anamnestic data, plasma, and nasal samples were collected at exacerbation (T1) and at steady state, 8 weeks later (T2), and sputum samples were collected at T1. RESULTS: A total of 147 children were enrolled, 37 (25%) had SIW, 18 (12.2%) EVW, and 92 (63%) MTW. They were atopic (47%), exposed to mold (22%) and cigarette smoke (50%), and prone to exacerbations (≥2 in the previous year in 70%). At exacerbation, at least one virus was isolated in 94% and rhinovirus in 75%, with no difference between phenotypes. Children with MTW and SIW phenotypes displayed lower plasma concentrations of IFN-γ (P = .002), IL-5 (P = .020), TNF-α (P = .038), IL-10 (P = .002), IFN-ß (P = .036), and CXCL10 (P = .006) and lower levels of IFN-γ (P = .047) in sputum at exacerbation than children with EVW. At T2, they also displayed lower plasma levels of IFN-γ (P = .045) and CXCL10 (P = .013). CONCLUSION: Among preschool asthmatic children, MTW and SIW, prone to exacerbations, display lower systemic levels of Th1, Th2 cytokines, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and antiviral responses during severe virus-induced exacerbation.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Cytokines , Child, Preschool , Humans , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Sounds , Rhinovirus
12.
Crit Care ; 24(1): 611, 2020 10 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33076936

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gut dysbiosis due to the adverse effects of antibiotics affects outcomes of lung infection. Previous murine models relied on significant depletion of both gut and lung microbiota, rendering the analysis of immune gut-lung cross-talk difficult. Here, we study the effects of antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis without lung dysbiosis on lung immunity and the consequences on acute P. aeruginosa lung infection. METHODS: C57BL6 mice received 7 days oral vancomycin-colistin, followed by normal regimen or fecal microbial transplant or Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-Ligand) over 2 days, and then intra-nasal P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. Gut and lung microbiota were studied by next-generation sequencing, and lung infection outcomes were studied at 24 h. Effects of vancomycin-colistin on underlying immunity and bone marrow progenitors were studied in uninfected mice by flow cytometry in the lung, spleen, and bone marrow. RESULTS: Vancomycin-colistin administration induces widespread cellular immunosuppression in both the lung and spleen, decreases circulating hematopoietic cytokine Flt3-Ligand, and depresses dendritic cell bone marrow progenitors leading to worsening of P. aeruginosa lung infection outcomes (bacterial loads, lung injury, and survival). Reversal of these effects by fecal microbial transplant shows that these alterations are related to gut dysbiosis. Recombinant Flt3-Ligand reverses the effects of antibiotics on subsequent lung infection. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that gut dysbiosis strongly impairs monocyte/dendritic progenitors and lung immunity, worsening outcomes of P. aeruginosa lung infection. Treatment with a fecal microbial transplant or immune stimulation by Flt3-Ligand both restore lung cellular responses to and outcomes of P. aeruginosa following antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Dysbiosis/complications , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Pneumonia/etiology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Dysbiosis/etiology , Dysbiosis/physiopathology , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Lung/microbiology , Lung/physiopathology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microbiota/drug effects , Pneumonia/physiopathology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Vancomycin/adverse effects , Vancomycin/pharmacology
13.
Addict Biol ; 25(3): e12760, 2020 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31056842

ABSTRACT

Ethanol (EtOH) induces cognitive impairment through modulation of synaptic plasticity notably in the hippocampus. The cellular mechanism(s) of these EtOH effects may range from synaptic signaling modulation to alterations of the epigenome. Previously, we reported that two binge-like exposures to EtOH (3 g/kg, ip, 9 h apart) in adolescent rats abolished long-term synaptic depression (LTD) in hippocampus slices, induced learning deficits, and increased N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling through its GluN2B subunit after 48 hours. Here, we tested the hypothesis of EtOH-induced epigenetic alterations leading to modulation of GluN2B and GluN2A NMDA receptor subunits. Forty-two days old rats were treated with EtOH or the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) sodium butyrate (NaB, 600 mg/kg, ip) injected alone or 30 minutes before EtOH. After 48 hours, learning was tested with novel object recognition while synaptic plasticity and the role of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits in NMDA-fEPSP were measured in CA1 field of hippocampus slices. LTD and memory were impaired 48 hours after EtOH and NMDA-fEPSP analysis unraveled changes in the GluN2A/GluN2B balance. These results were associated with an increase in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and HDAC2 mRNA and protein while Ac-H4K12 labelling was decreased. EtOH increases expression of HDAC2 and mRNA level for GluN2B subunit (but not GluN2A), while HDAC2 modulates the promoter of the gene encoding GluN2B. Interestingly, NaB pretreatment prevented all the cellular and memory-impairing effects of EtOH. In conclusion, the memory-impairing effects of two binge-like EtOH exposure involve NMDA receptor-dependent LTD deficits due to a GluN2A/GluN2B imbalance resulting from changes in GluN2B expression induced by HDAC2.


Subject(s)
Binge Drinking/genetics , CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects , Central Nervous System Depressants/toxicity , Ethanol/toxicity , Histone Deacetylase 2/drug effects , Long-Term Synaptic Depression/drug effects , Memory/drug effects , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects , Animals , Binge Drinking/metabolism , Butyric Acid/pharmacology , CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism , Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects , Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects , Hippocampus/drug effects , Hippocampus/metabolism , Histone Deacetylase 2/genetics , Histone Deacetylase 2/metabolism , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
15.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(20)2020 Oct 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33050277

ABSTRACT

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels responsible for rapid neural and neuromuscular signal transmission. Although it is well documented that 16 subunits are encoded by the human genome, their presence in airway epithelial cells (AECs) remains poorly understood, and contribution to pathology is mainly discussed in the context of cancer. We analysed nAChR subunit expression in the human lungs of smokers and non-smokers using transcriptomic data for whole-lung tissues, isolated large AECs, and isolated small AECs. We identified differential expressions of nAChRs in terms of detection and repartition in the three modalities. Smoking-associated alterations were also unveiled. Then, we identified an nAChR transcriptomic print at the single-cell level. Finally, we reported the localizations of detectable nAChRs in bronchi and large bronchioles. Thus, we compiled the first complete atlas of pulmonary nAChR subunits to open new avenues to further unravel the involvement of these receptors in lung homeostasis and respiratory diseases.


Subject(s)
Lung/metabolism , Protein Subunits/metabolism , Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism , Adult , Age Factors , Cell Cycle , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Protein Subunits/chemistry , Protein Subunits/genetics , Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry , Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics , Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism , Respiratory Mucosa/pathology , Signal Detection, Psychological , Smoking , Transcription, Genetic
16.
Cytokine ; 113: 470-474, 2019 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30377053

ABSTRACT

Interleukin (IL)-22 plays a critical role in regulating the maintenance of the mucosal barrier. As airway epithelial regeneration is abnormal in cystic fibrosis (CF), we investigated IL-22 integrity in CF. We first demonstrated, using Il-22-/- mice, that IL-22 is important to prevent lung damage induced by the CF pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Next, IL-22 receptor was found normally expressed at the airway epithelial surfaces of CF patients. In wound-healing assays, IL-22-treated CF cultures had higher wound-closure rate than controls, suggesting that IL-22 signaling per se could be functional in a CF context. However, persistence of neutrophil-derived serine-proteases is a major feature of CF airways. Remarkably, IL-22 was found altered in this protease-rich inflammatory microenvironment; the serine protease-3 being the most prone to fully degrade IL-22. Consequently, we suspect an acquired deficiency of the IL-22 pathway in the lungs of CF patients due to IL-22 cleavage by the surrounding neutrophil serine-proteases.


Subject(s)
Interleukins/immunology , Lung/immunology , Pseudomonas Infections/immunology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology , Respiratory Mucosa/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Child , Cystic Fibrosis , Female , Humans , Interleukins/genetics , Lung/microbiology , Lung/pathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Middle Aged , Pseudomonas Infections/genetics , Pseudomonas Infections/pathology , Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology , Respiratory Mucosa/pathology , Interleukin-22
17.
Prenat Diagn ; 39(11): 986-992, 2019 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31273809

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Uniparental disomy (UPD) testing is currently recommended during pregnancy in fetuses carrying a balanced Robertsonian translocation (ROB) involving chromosome 14 or 15, both chromosomes containing imprinted genes. The overall risk that such a fetus presents a UPD has been previously estimated to be around ~0.6-0.8%. However, because UPD are rare events and this estimate has been calculated from a number of studies of limited size, we have reevaluated the risk of UPD in fetuses for whom one of the parents was known to carry a nonhomologous ROB (NHROB). METHOD: We focused our multicentric study on NHROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15. A total of 1747 UPD testing were performed in fetuses during pregnancy for the presence of UPD(14) and/or UPD(15). RESULT: All fetuses were negative except one with a UPD(14) associated with a maternally inherited rob(13;14). CONCLUSION: Considering these data, the risk of UPD following prenatal diagnosis of an inherited ROB involving chromosome 14 and/or 15 could be estimated to be around 0.06%, far less than the previous estimation. Importantly, the risk of miscarriage following an invasive prenatal sampling is higher than the risk of UPD. Therefore, we do not recommend prenatal testing for UPD for these pregnancies and parents should be reassured.


Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 , Prenatal Diagnosis , Translocation, Genetic , Uniparental Disomy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment
18.
Gastroenterology ; 153(2): 550-565, 2017 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28506689

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The role of tobacco smoke in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We investigated interactions between genes and smoking (gene-smoking interactions) that affect risk for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in a case-only study of patients and in mouse models of IBD. METHODS: We used 55 Immunochip-wide datasets that included 19,735 IBD cases (10,856 CD cases and 8879 UC cases) of known smoking status. We performed 3 meta-analyses each for CD, UC, and IBD (CD and UC combined), comparing data for never vs ever smokers, never vs current smokers, and never vs former smokers. We studied the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke in Il10-/- and Nod2-/- mice, as well as in Balb/c mice without disruption of these genes (wild-type mice). Mice were exposed to the smoke of 5 cigarettes per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks, in a ventilated smoking chamber, or ambient air (controls). Intestines were collected and analyzed histologically and by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: We identified 64 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for which the association between the SNP and IBD were modified by smoking behavior (meta-analysis Wald test P < 5.0 × 10-5; heterogeneity Cochrane Q test P > .05). Twenty of these variants were located within the HLA region at 6p21. Analysis of classical HLA alleles (imputed from SNP genotypes) revealed an interaction with smoking. We replicated the interaction of a variant in NOD2 with current smoking in relation to the risk for CD (frameshift variant fs1007insC; rs5743293). We identified 2 variants in the same genomic region (rs2270368 and rs17221417) that interact with smoking in relation to CD risk. Approximately 45% of the SNPs that interact with smoking were in close vicinity (≤1 Mb) to SNPs previously associated with IBD; many were located near or within genes that regulate mucosal barrier function and immune tolerance. Smoking modified the disease risk of some variants in opposite directions for CD vs UC. Exposure of Interleukin 10 (il10)-deficient mice to cigarette smoke accelerated development of colitis and increased expression of interferon gamma in the small intestine compared to wild-type mice exposed to smoke. NOD2-deficient mice exposed to cigarette smoke developed ileitis, characterized by increased expression of interferon gamma, compared to wild-type mice exposed to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of 55 Immunochip-wide datasets, we identified 64 SNPs whose association with risk for IBD is modified by tobacco smoking. Gene-smoking interactions were confirmed in mice with disruption of Il10 and Nod2-variants of these genes have been associated with risk for IBD. Our findings from mice and humans revealed that the effects of smoking on risk for IBD depend on genetic variants.


Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics , Crohn Disease/genetics , Smoking/genetics , Alleles , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Gene Frequency , Gene-Environment Interaction , Genotype , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects
20.
Eur Respir J ; 50(4)2017 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29025886

ABSTRACT

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways caused mainly by cigarette smoke exposure. COPD progression is marked by exacerbations of the disease, often associated with infections. Recent data show the involvement in COPD pathophysiology of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, two cytokines that are important in the control of lung inflammation and infection. During the initiation and progression of the disease, increased IL-17 secretion causes neutrophil recruitment, leading to chronic inflammation, airways obstruction and emphysema. In the established phase of COPD, a defective IL-22 response facilitates pathogen-associated infections and disease exacerbations. Altered production of these cytokines involves a complex network of immune cells and dysfunction of antigen-presenting cells. In this review, we describe current knowledge on the involvement of IL-17 and IL-22 in COPD pathophysiology at steady state and during exacerbations, and discuss implications for COPD management and future therapeutic approaches.


Subject(s)
Interleukin-17/immunology , Interleukins/immunology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Disease Progression , Drug Discovery , Humans , Immunity/drug effects , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Interleukin-22
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL