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2.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(10): e11472024, 2024 Oct.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39292045

ABSTRACT

The article discusses the participation of doctors in the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985). It identifies the main ways in which these doctors contributed with their technical and scientific knowledge and their institutional positions to the repression of the regime's opponents. The authors argue that this collaboration was not casual but strategic, organized, and systematic in assisting interrogations and practices of physical and psychological torture, as well as in covering up human rights violations. The article points out that this collaboration between doctors and the authoritarian regime violated all professional codes of ethics and international conventions for the protection and promotion of human rights, as well as the Hippocratic Oath. The primary historical sources on which the article is based are documents from the Brasil Nunca Mais Project, the final report of the National Truth Commission (CNV), and reports from states truth commissions. It concludes that the scant civil, criminal, and professional punishment of doctors involved in the regime's violence, protected by the 1979 Amnesty Law and other legal provisions, characterizes an incomplete rupture with the authoritarian legacies of the past, with consequences for the present and future of Brazilian democracy.


O artigo aborda a participação de médicos na ditadura civil militar brasileira (1964-1985) e identifica as principais formas pelas quais esses médicos contribuíram com seus conhecimentos técnicos e científicos e suas posições institucionais para a repressão aos opositores do regime. Os autores argumentam que essa colaboração não foi eventual, mas estratégica, organizada e sistemática na assessoria a interrogatórios e práticas de tortura física e psicológicas, assim como no encobrimento de violações de direitos humanos. O artigo chama a atenção para que essa colaboração de médicos com o regime autoritário transgrediu códigos de ética profissionais e as convenções internacionais de proteção e promoção dos direitos humanos, assim como o Juramento de Hipócrates. As principais fontes históricas que embasam o artigo são os documentos do Projeto Brasil Nunca Mais e do relatório final da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV), assim como relatórios de comissões estaduais da verdade. Conclui que a exígua punição civil, criminal e profissional aos médicos envolvidos com a violência do regime, protegidos pela Lei da Anistia de 1979 e outras provisões legais, caracteriza o rompimento incompleto com os legados autoritários do passado, com consequências para o presente e o futuro da democracia brasileira.


Subject(s)
Physicians , Brazil , Humans , History, 20th Century , Physicians/history , Human Rights/history , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Human Rights Abuses/history , Human Rights Abuses/legislation & jurisprudence , Torture/history , Torture/legislation & jurisprudence
3.
Cien Saude Colet ; 27(9): 3375-3377, 2022 Sep.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36000628

ABSTRACT

As a presentation of the dossier "From Independence to Empire: health and disease in Brazil in the nineteenth century," the article contrast "modern Brazil" imagined by the medical and political elites on the occasion of the First Centenary of Independence in 1922 with the numerous problems and challenges in the field of health that the republic, in its third decade, had inherited from the colonial and Imperial periods. In addition, it highlights issues in the history of health in the 19th century that allow the readers of the dossier to reflect on the unfulfilled civilizational promises of 1822-1922 in light of the immense challenges of the year 2022 when Brazil completes two hundred years of political sovereignty.


Como apresentação do dossiê "Da Independência ao Império: saúde e doença no Brasil no século XIX", o artigo contrasta o "Brasil moderno" imaginado pelas elites médicas e políticas por ocasião do I Centenário da Independência, em 1922, com os inúmeros problemas e desafios no campo da saúde que a República, em sua terceira década, herdou dos períodos colonial e imperial. Além disso, destaca questões da história da saúde no século XIX que permitem aos leitores do dossiê refletir sobre as promessas civilizacionais não cumpridas de 1822-1922, à luz dos imensos desafios do ano de 2022, quando o Brasil completa duzentos anos de soberania política.


Subject(s)
Health Status , Brazil , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans
4.
Cien Saude Colet ; 27(9): 3429-3440, 2022 Sep.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36000634

ABSTRACT

This article aims to discuss the perceptions and actions of public authorities regarding the process of introduction, production, conservation, distribution, and application of the smallpox vaccine; the emergence of institutions associated with the vaccine and vaccination; and its main obstacles in Bahia in the nineteenth century. The article emphasizes the local and regional dynamics of this process. It addresses the problem of smallpox in colonial Bahia, the arrival of the Jennerian vaccine, the diffusion of the vaccination method, the establishment of health institutions, and the disease control measures implemented as of 1808. In the context of the post-independence and Imperial Brazil, this article addresses smallpox outbreaks and discusses the problems related to vaccine and vaccination listed by the governors of the province of Bahia and local efforts to introduce the animal vaccine. This article is based on printed primary sources published in Bahia in the nineteenth century, as well as through dialogues with specialized literature.


O objetivo do artigo é discutir as percepções e ações do poder público sobre o processo de introdução, produção, conservação, distribuição e aplicação da vacina contra a varíola, o surgimento de instituições ligadas à vacina e à vacinação e seus principais entraves na Bahia do século XIX. O artigo enfatiza a dinâmica local e regional desse processo e aborda o problema da varíola na Bahia colonial, a chegada da vacina jenneriana, a difusão do método de vacinação, a constituição de instituições de saúde e as medidas de controle da doença implantadas a partir de 1808. No contexto do pós-independência e do Brasil Imperial, aborda os surtos de varíola e discute os problemas da vacina e da vacinação relacionados pelos presidentes da província da Bahia e os esforços locais para introduzir a vacina animal. O artigo se baseia em fontes primárias impressas publicadas na Bahia no século XIX e no diálogo com a literatura especializada.


Subject(s)
Smallpox Vaccine , Smallpox , Vaccines , Animals , Brazil , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Smallpox/epidemiology , Smallpox/history , Smallpox/prevention & control , Smallpox Vaccine/history , Vaccination
5.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 29(4): 1033-1043, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36542036

ABSTRACT

This interview explores the participation of Margarida de Souza Neves, professor emeritus at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, in the creation of the Graduate Program in the History of the Sciences and Health at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. To celebrate the twentieth anniversary of this graduate program, professors who have served as coordinators met with Professor Neves to reflect on the meanings of shaping a program in the area of history specializing in research on science and health in Brazil.


A entrevista aborda a participação de Margarida de Souza Neves, professora emérita da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, na criação do Programa de Pós-graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Para celebrar os 20 anos de existência do PPGHCS, professores que passaram pela coordenação se reúnem com a entrevistada para refletir sobre os significados da formação de um programa na área de história especializado em pesquisas sobre ciências e saúde no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Anniversaries and Special Events , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Brazil , History, 20th Century
6.
Cien Saude Colet ; 25(12): 4715-4721, 2020 Dec.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33295495

ABSTRACT

The article analyzes the presence of the history of health in the "Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" from 1996 to 2020, exploring relations between the disciplinary field of history and the multidisciplinary field of public health and examining their tensions, commonalities, and potential synergies. It shows how the history of health has featured in the journal's articles and issues over the course of the journal's twenty-five years and describes the main initiatives, results, and topics addressed in this realm. The article then offers a critical evaluation and discusses pathways for boosting the presence of history in articles and thematic issues of "Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva".


O artigo analisa a presença da história da saúde no periódico "Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" entre 1996 e 2020. Discute as relações entre o campo disciplinar da história e a multidisciplinaridade da saúde coletiva, suas tensões, convergências e potenciais sinergias. Apresenta a trajetória do tema da história da saúde nos artigos e fascículos ao longo dos 25 anos de existência da revista, as principais iniciativas, resultados e temáticas abordadas. Faz um balanço crítico e discute caminhos para incrementar presença da história em artigos e números temáticos de "Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva".


Subject(s)
Public Health , History, 20th Century , Humans
7.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 16 Suppl 1: 313-31, 2009 Jul.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20027926

ABSTRACT

Analyzes the public health program that Juscelino Kubitschek presented while running for president and its dialogue with interpretations that identified Brazil as an ailing country that should be recovered through public medicine. The proposals and goals contained in Kubitschek's healthcare program, as released during his 1955 campaign, serve as the main sources for this analysis. They also were key to establishing this dialogue, which was both prompted and shaped by a national and international context characterized by the post-war idea of development and public health optimism. Within the context of his development project, the article looks at how Kubitschek elaborated the themes of the centrality of rural endemic disease and the abandonment of the rural worker, both dear to the sanitary movement in the 1910s. It also underscores how Kubitschek the candidate endeavored to link health and development within this arena of government policy.


Subject(s)
Federal Government/history , National Health Programs/history , Public Health/history , Brazil , Endemic Diseases/history , Health Policy/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Rural Health/history
9.
Can Bull Med Hist ; 25(1): 161-92, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18831147

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the Brazilian experience in the battle against malaria from 1941, when the Serviço Nacional de Malaria (National Malaria Service) was created and a large-scale national program for malaria control begun, until the end of the Kubitscheck administration (1956-61) when Brazil joined the Global Malaria Eradication Program (MEP), led by the World Health Organization (WHO). We will discuss the relationship between the national program, aimed at controlling--and, in short order, eliminating--malaria using Brazilian strategies and methods and the international health organization's exclusively eradication-based program. Of particular importance is the role played by malariologist Mário Pinotti, who developed a special method for malaria control in the Amazon region, based on chloroquinated cooking salt, and who wielded tremendous political influence upon Brazil's public health path during the 1940s and 1950s. The article also highlights the implications of changes in Brazilian-US relations during the Kubitscheck term for Brazil's adoption of a malaria eradication program according to the WHO model.


Subject(s)
International Cooperation/history , Malaria/history , Brazil , Government Programs/history , History, 20th Century , Humans
10.
Can Bull Med Hist ; 25(1): 7-16, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18831141

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the development of historical studies of international health since the 1980s, showing that the field has gained considerable density and complexity. The authors touch on various current research trends in the history of international health, including reconsideration of so-called centre-periphery and imperial-colonial relations. They emphasize the important, if often forgotten, role of Latin America in the history of international health and bring attention to the relevance of Canada to the international health field, especially in the last 30 years. The article concludes by introducing the articles that make up this special issue of CBMH, pointing out their most significant findings and cross-cutting themes.


Subject(s)
Health Policy , Historiography , International Cooperation , Public Health/history , Canada , Communication , History, 20th Century , Humans , Internationality/history , Latin America
11.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 14 Suppl: 257-77, 2007 Dec.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18783151

ABSTRACT

The article addresses the Amazon Sanitation Plan and the political context in which it was formulated between 1940 and 1941. It examines the role of Getúlio Vargas, the activities of the plan's main protagonists (such as Evandro Chagas, João de Barros Barreto, and Valério Konder), its key proposals, and its demise as of 1942 upon creation of the Special Public Health Service (Sesp), which grew out of cooperation agreements between Brazil and the US following both nations' involvement in World War II. A reproduction of the Plan as published in the Arquivos de Higiene in 1941 is included.


Subject(s)
Advisory Committees/history , Regional Health Planning/history , Sanitation/history , Advisory Committees/organization & administration , Brazil , History, 20th Century , Malaria/history , Malaria/prevention & control , Regional Health Planning/legislation & jurisprudence
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);27(9): 3429-3440, set. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394242

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é discutir as percepções e ações do poder público sobre o processo de introdução, produção, conservação, distribuição e aplicação da vacina contra a varíola, o surgimento de instituições ligadas à vacina e à vacinação e seus principais entraves na Bahia do século XIX. O artigo enfatiza a dinâmica local e regional desse processo e aborda o problema da varíola na Bahia colonial, a chegada da vacina jenneriana, a difusão do método de vacinação, a constituição de instituições de saúde e as medidas de controle da doença implantadas a partir de 1808. No contexto do pós-independência e do Brasil Imperial, aborda os surtos de varíola e discute os problemas da vacina e da vacinação relacionados pelos presidentes da província da Bahia e os esforços locais para introduzir a vacina animal. O artigo se baseia em fontes primárias impressas publicadas na Bahia no século XIX e no diálogo com a literatura especializada.


Abstract This article aims to discuss the perceptions and actions of public authorities regarding the process of introduction, production, conservation, distribution, and application of the smallpox vaccine; the emergence of institutions associated with the vaccine and vaccination; and its main obstacles in Bahia in the nineteenth century. The article emphasizes the local and regional dynamics of this process. It addresses the problem of smallpox in colonial Bahia, the arrival of the Jennerian vaccine, the diffusion of the vaccination method, the establishment of health institutions, and the disease control measures implemented as of 1808. In the context of the post-independence and Imperial Brazil, this article addresses smallpox outbreaks and discusses the problems related to vaccine and vaccination listed by the governors of the province of Bahia and local efforts to introduce the animal vaccine. This article is based on printed primary sources published in Bahia in the nineteenth century, as well as through dialogues with specialized literature.

13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);27(9): 3375-3377, set. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394252

ABSTRACT

Resumo Como apresentação do dossiê "Da Independência ao Império: saúde e doença no Brasil no século XIX", o artigo contrasta o "Brasil moderno" imaginado pelas elites médicas e políticas por ocasião do I Centenário da Independência, em 1922, com os inúmeros problemas e desafios no campo da saúde que a República, em sua terceira década, herdou dos períodos colonial e imperial. Além disso, destaca questões da história da saúde no século XIX que permitem aos leitores do dossiê refletir sobre as promessas civilizacionais não cumpridas de 1822-1922, à luz dos imensos desafios do ano de 2022, quando o Brasil completa duzentos anos de soberania política.


Abstract As a presentation of the dossier "From Independence to Empire: health and disease in Brazil in the nineteenth century," the article contrast "modern Brazil" imagined by the medical and political elites on the occasion of the First Centenary of Independence in 1922 with the numerous problems and challenges in the field of health that the republic, in its third decade, had inherited from the colonial and Imperial periods. In addition, it highlights issues in the history of health in the 19th century that allow the readers of the dossier to reflect on the unfulfilled civilizational promises of 1822-1922 in light of the immense challenges of the year 2022 when Brazil completes two hundred years of political sovereignty.

14.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;29(4): 1033-1043, oct,-dic. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421578

ABSTRACT

Resumo A entrevista aborda a participação de Margarida de Souza Neves, professora emérita da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, na criação do Programa de Pós-graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Para celebrar os 20 anos de existência do PPGHCS, professores que passaram pela coordenação se reúnem com a entrevistada para refletir sobre os significados da formação de um programa na área de história especializado em pesquisas sobre ciências e saúde no Brasil.


Abstract This interview explores the participation of Margarida de Souza Neves, professor emeritus at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, in the creation of the Graduate Program in the History of the Sciences and Health at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. To celebrate the twentieth anniversary of this graduate program, professors who have served as coordinators met with Professor Neves to reflect on the meanings of shaping a program in the area of history specializing in research on science and health in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Teaching , Health/history , Education, Continuing , Institutionalization , Brazil , History, 20th Century
15.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 13(3): 759-76, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17117523

ABSTRACT

To what activities and topics does a historian in health and medicine, whose articles and books have become fundamental references for scholars of the area, devote her time? Feminism, counter-culture, medical education, global health, the role of international health organizations, and knowledge sharing in the health history are some of the subjects Elizabeth Fee addresses in this interview given at Fiocruz in April where she presented the 2006 inaugural class to the Graduate Program in History of Health Sciences at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. The topic of her lecture was "The World Health Organization and AIDS: what can we learn from history?"


Subject(s)
Community-Institutional Relations , Historiography , History of Medicine , History , History, 20th Century , Librarians , National Library of Medicine (U.S.)/history , National Library of Medicine (U.S.)/statistics & numerical data , National Library of Medicine (U.S.)/trends , United States , Women
16.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogota) ; 19(Especial de pandemias): 1-22, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1367482

ABSTRACT

Introdução:este artigo aborda a chegada da pandemia de gripe asiática no Brasil a partir das notícias veiculadas entre junho e setembro de 1957 na imprensa da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, então capital fede-ral. As fontes utilizadas são três dos mais importantes jornais diários e duas revistas semanais disponí-veis on-line. Desenvolvimento: o artigo acompanha três meses de informações, reportagens e opiniões sobre o surgimento e crescimento da pandemia na Ásia, nos Estados Unidos, na Europa e na América do Sul, sobre a ameaça de seu ingresso no país e sobre as ações do governo federal e, finalmente, os pri-meiros casos registrados no Rio de Janeiro no início de setembro. O autor analisa a pandemia no Brasil pelas lentes do jornalismo, abordando as percepções e incertezas sobre a doença e os preparativos dos governos assim como das instituições científicas e médicas. O artigo versa sobre as avaliações e críticas às ações governamentais, as repercussões dos primeiros casos, suspeitos e confirmados, na América do Sul e as dúvidas sobre a capacidade do Ministério da Saúde em responder à epidemia. Conclusões:o artigo mostra o papel central da imprensa e dos meios de comunicação na conformação da epidemia como evento social e político antes dela se realizar como evento biomédico


Introducción: este artículo analiza la llegada de la pandemia de influenza asiática a Brasil a partir de la noticia publicada entre junio y septiembre de 1957 en la prensa de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, entonces capital federal. Las fuentes utilizadas son tres de los diarios más importantes y dos revistas semanales disponibles en línea. Desarrollo: el artículo acompaña tres meses de información, informes y opiniones sobre el surgimiento y crecimiento de la pandemia en Asia, Estados Unidos, Europa y Suramérica; la amenaza de su ingreso al país y las acciones del gobierno federal, y los primeros casos registrados en Río de Janeiro a principios de septiembre. Analiza la pandemia en Brasil a través de la lente del periodismo, abordando las percepciones e incertidumbres sobre la enfermedad y los preparativos de los gobiernos, así como de las instituciones científicas y médicas. El artículo aborda las evaluaciones y críticas a la actuación del Gobierno, las repercusiones de los primeros casos sospechosos y confirmados en América del Sur y las dudas sobre la capacidad del Ministerio de Salud para responder a la epidemia. Conclusiones: el artículo destaca el papel central de la prensa y los medios de comunicación en la configuración de la epidemia como un evento social y político antes de que ocurriera como un evento biomédico


Introduction: The article discusses the arrival of the Asian influenza pandemic in Brazil from the news published between June and September 1957 in the press of Rio de Janeiro, then the federal capital. The sources used were three of the most important daily newspapers and two weekly magazines available online. Development: The article comprises 3 months of information, reports, and opinions on the emer-gence and growth of the pandemic in Asia, the United States, Europe, and South America; the threat of its entry into the country, the actions of the federal government and, finally, the first cases recorded in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of September. It is nor we but The author (as I note in the word version) analyzed the pandemic in Brazil from the perspective of journalism, addressing perceptions and uncer-tainties about the disease, and the preparations of governments and scientific and medical institutions. The article includes the evaluations and criticisms of government actions, repercussions of the first suspected and confirmed cases in South America, and doubts regarding the Ministry of Health's capacity to respond to the epidemic. Conclusions: The article highlights the central role of the press and media in shaping an epidemic as a social and political event before it took place as a biomedical event


Subject(s)
Humans , Influenza, Human , Public Policy , Brazil , Health , Public Health , Journalism , Pandemics , Mass Media
18.
Dynamis ; 25: 199-226, table of contents, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17345660

ABSTRACT

The goal of this article is to describe and analyze the institutional and public health policy changes produced in Brazil during the government of Getúlio Vargas between 1930 and 1945. This article intends to cover a regrettable historiographical void regarding public health policies during this crucial period of 20th century Brazilian history. A key tissue of this article is the relation established between the public health reforms and the political and ideological changes that occurred under the political regime installed in 1930, signalling both the transformations and the continuities with past regimes and the impact of these transformations in the contemporary Brazilian public health system.


Subject(s)
Health Care Reform/history , Political Systems/history , Public Health/history , Brazil , Federal Government/history , History, 20th Century , Humans
19.
Cien Saude Colet ; 20(2): 425-31, 2015 Feb.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25715136

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the main aspects of the trajectory, the ideas and the academic and political activism of Samuel Barnsley Pessoa (1898-1976). It reveals that Samuel Pessoa's activism must also be understood in the context of his communist militancy and highlights the fact that one of the original contributions of his work was the establishment of the relationship between agrarian structure and rural endemic diseases, between large and unproductive estates and disease and adherence to a project of transformation of Brazilian society.


Subject(s)
Endemic Diseases , Endemic Diseases/history , History, 20th Century , Politics , Rural Health , Social Determinants of Health
20.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);25(12): 4715-4721, Dec. 2020.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS (Brazil), SES-SP | ID: biblio-1142717

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo analisa a presença da história da saúde no periódico "Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" entre 1996 e 2020. Discute as relações entre o campo disciplinar da história e a multidisciplinaridade da saúde coletiva, suas tensões, convergências e potenciais sinergias. Apresenta a trajetória do tema da história da saúde nos artigos e fascículos ao longo dos 25 anos de existência da revista, as principais iniciativas, resultados e temáticas abordadas. Faz um balanço crítico e discute caminhos para incrementar presença da história em artigos e números temáticos de "Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva".


Abstract The article analyzes the presence of the history of health in the "Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" from 1996 to 2020, exploring relations between the disciplinary field of history and the multidisciplinary field of public health and examining their tensions, commonalities, and potential synergies. It shows how the history of health has featured in the journal's articles and issues over the course of the journal's twenty-five years and describes the main initiatives, results, and topics addressed in this realm. The article then offers a critical evaluation and discusses pathways for boosting the presence of history in articles and thematic issues of "Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva".


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Public Health
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