ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We aimed to compare two digital nerve block techniques in patients due to traumatic digital lacerations. METHODS: This was a randomized-controlled study designed prospectively in the emergency department of a university-based training and research hospital. Randomization was achieved by sealed envelopes. Half of the patients were randomised to traditional (two-injection) digital nerve block technique while single-injection digital nerve block technique was applied to the other half. Score of pain due to anesthetic infiltration and suturing, onset time of total anesthesia, need for an additional rescue injection were the parameters evaluated with both groups. Epinephrin added lidocaine hydrochloride preparation was used for the anesthetic application. Visual analog scale was used for the evaluation of pain scores. Outcomes were compared by using Mann-Whitney U test and Student t-test. RESULTS: Fifty emergency department patients ≥18 years requiring digital nerve block were enrolled in the study. Mean age of the patients was 33 (min-max: 19-86) and 39 (78 %) were male. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of our main parameters; anesthesia pain score, suturing pain score, onset time of total anesthesia and rescue injection need. CONCLUSION: Single injection volar digital nerve block technique is a suitable alternative for digital anesthesias in emergency departments.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Finger Injuries/surgery , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Nerve Block , Wounds, Penetrating/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Lacerations/surgery , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: We aimed to determine the relationship between blood lactate, carboxy-hemoglobin (COHb) levels and the severity of clinical findings in patients with CO poisoning. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients over 18 years old and of both gender who were admitted to Emergency Department with the diagnosis of CO poisoning between 10.02.2008 and 17.03.2011 were enrolled in this study. Detailed physical examination of each patient was performed, patients and their relatives were informed about the study and written consents were noted. The levels of consciousness, physical examination findings, electrocardiographic findings, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, laboratory results (lactate, COHb, CK-MB, Troponin-I levels) and applied treatments [normobaric oxygen therapy (NBOT), hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)] were recorded to standart data entry form for each patient. "SPSS for Windows version 18" package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Total 201 patients were included in this study. Thirty five patients (17.4%) received HBOT and lactate; COHb, CKMB, Troponin-I levels of this group were higher than the other patients. Lactate and COHb levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with GCS < 15 than the ones with GCS = 15 (p < 0.01). The patients whose both Troponin-I and CK-MB levels increased have higher lactate levels (p = 0.038), but COHb levels of these patients did not change (p = 0.495). CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, blood lactate and COHb levels were both correlated with the changes of consciousness in CO poisoning. Blood lactate levels together with COHb in defining indications for HBO treatment might be suggested.