The comparison of prognoses between total and distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in elderly patients ≥ 80 years old.

PURPOSE: In Japan, the number of distal gastrectomy for patients ≥ 80 years old is increasing, whereas that of total gastrectomy is decreasing. Surgeons seem to avoid total gastrectomy for elderly patients. Total gastrectomy is reported to have a poorer prognosis than distal gastrectomy, and postoperative pneumonia may be involved in the cause. METHODS: The medical records of 39 and 108 patients ≥ 80 years old who underwent total and distal gastrectomy, respectively, at 2 affiliated institutions between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Prognoses were compared between the two groups, focusing on death from pneumonia. RESULTS: The median overall survival time after total and distal gastrectomy was 21.3 and 74.1 months, respectively, with a significantly poorer prognosis after total gastrectomy than after distal gastrectomy (p < 0.01, hazard ratio [HR] 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-3.53). The gastric cancer-specific survival time was significantly worse after total gastrectomy than after distal gastrectomy (p < 0.01, HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.29-5.79). The pneumonia-specific survival time was also significantly worse after total gastrectomy than after distal gastrectomy (p = 0.01, HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.25-9.48). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent total gastrectomy had a poorer prognosis than those who underwent distal gastrectomy, because many patients died of pneumonia early after total gastrectomy.

[A Case of Stage â £c dMMR Transverse Colon Cancer with Complete Response to Combination Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Stage â £B Lung Adenocarcinoma].

The patient is a 72-year-old man. He was diagnosed as a duplication of left upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma cStage ⅣB and transverse colon cancer cStage Ⅳc. Because he had symptoms of atelectasis and esophageal stricture due to the progression of lung cancer, we decided to precede immunochemotherapy(CBDCA plus PEM plus pembrolizumab)for lung cancer. After the start of treatment, both lung and colorectal cancer were shrinking, but after the 3 courses of treatment, he developed intestinal obstruction due to transverse colon cancer. Because generalized peritonitis due to perforation of the colon by endoscopic stenting for the obstruction and then emergency surgery was performed. The resected transverse colon lesion was diagnosed as pathologically complete response. Lung cancer was also diagnosed as clinically complete response. Since his ADL decreased postoperatively, he is under observation without reintroduction of immunochemotherapy. Fourteen months have passed since the last administration, and no progression has been observed in either lung nor colon cancers. Pembrolizumab is considered to be successful in the patient with dMMR colorectal cancer lacking MLH1 and PMS2.

[A Curatively Resected Case of Recto-Sigmoidal Cancer with Massive Bladder Invasion after Multimodal Therapy Including Chemotherapy].

A 68-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital because of unfit to treat his recto-sigmoidal cancer massively invaded to bladder at the former hospital. During drug administration to treat heart failure, we could perform a transverse colostomy and initiated mFOLFOX plus Pmab. During chemotherapy, he improved malnutrition. After 7 courses, CT scan showed a marked reduction in tumor diameter, which was PR. Since his nutritional and heart status were improved, he underwent a high anterior resection with partial bladder resection. Pathological findings showed that a few cancer cells were remained at bladder and bowel wall. He was diagnosed as Stage Ⅱc. His postoperative course was almost uneventful. No symptom of recurrence has been observed at 9 months after surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy.

[A Case of Liver Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Successfully Treated with SOX plus Nivolumab].

An 82-year-old, male. He visited his local doctor with a chief complaint of dyspnea on exertion. Anemia was noted, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, which revealed an ulcerative lesion in the gastric antrum. A biopsy revealed Group 5, tub2, and HER2 negative, with PD-L1≥5%. cT3N1H1(M1 HEP), cStage ⅣB was diagnosed based on CT scan showing enlarged #8 lymph node and a single liver metastasis in the 2 cm range in S6 of the liver. The patient was deemed unresectable and was started on SOX plus nivolumab therapy. On day 11 after initiation, the patient had Grade 3 diarrhea by CTCAE v5.0, and S-1 was withdrawn for 3 days, but was administered for 2 courses. CT and MRI after chemotherapy showed shrinkage of both the primary tumor and liver metastases; R0 resection was deemed possible, and pyloric gastrectomy, D2 lymph node dissection, and partial hepatic S6 resection were performed. The histological evaluation of response to treatment was Grade 1b, and the patient was in ypStage ⅠA. The patient has been alive without recurrence for 6 months postoperatively while receiving S-1 monotherapy on an outpatient basis.

[Long-Term Survival following Multidisciplinary Therapy for Unresectable Pancreatic Body Cancer].

A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with a tumor in the pancreatic body at a nearby hospital and consulted our hospital. Examinations revealed that carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)levels were 1,765.0 U/mL. We confirmed metastatic liver tumors in S4 and S8 of the liver by EOB-MRI. We diagnosed unresectable pancreatic cancer(T3N0M1, cStage Ⅳ)and administered 10 courses of gemcitabine(GEM)plus nab-paclitaxel(nab-PTX)therapy. The main lesion and the lesion in S4 subsequently disappeared, and the lesion in S8 degenerated into a cyst. CA19-9 levels were 113 U/mL. Surgery was determined as the best course of action after normalizing CA19-9 levels. Therefore, we further administered 6 courses of FOLFIRINOX therapy and 4 courses of GEM plus nab-PTX therapy, but CA19-9 was not normalized. We decided that it would be difficult to normalize CA19-9, and thus proceeded with surgery. During the operation, cystic degenerative lesions were found in S8 and peritoneal dissemination was found in the transverse mesentery. Because the ascites cytopathology was negative, it was judged that the peritoneal dissemination was localized. We performed distal pancreatectomy(D2)plus partial hepatectomy(S8)plus peritoneal dissemination resection. On day 52 after surgery, we resumed GEM plus nab-PTX. The patient has survived without any recurrence for 3 years after the initial surgery.

[A Case of Lung Metastases from Rectal Cancer Treated for Quite Long with FOLFIRI plus Ramucirumab as a Late Line of Therapy].

We herein report a case of lung metastases from rectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI plus ramucirumab(Ram)therapy after salvage for a long time. A 44-year-old woman underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Fifteen months after the surgery, mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab(BV)therapy was initiated for left obturator lymph node metastases. Although the target lesion shrunk, left lung metastasis was found 36 months after the surgery. Partial resection of the lung metastasis was performed, and carbon-ion radiotherapy for pelvic recurrence was administered. Following these treatments, mFOLFOX6 plus BV therapy was administered again for multiple lung metastases 42 months after the surgery. FOLFIRI plus BV therapy, TAS- 102 plus BV therapy, and regorafenib were then administered because of the disease progression. Although the best supportive care was provided after disease progression, FOLFIRI plus Ram therapy was initiated owing to the patient's wish. Although Grade 3 hematological toxicity was observed, severe digestive symptoms were not noted. Long-term administration(approximately 1 year, 21 courses)of the drugs was possible with withdrawal. The patient died due to disease progression 66 months after recurrence. We experienced a case in which FOLFIRI plus Ram therapy after salvage line could be administered for a quite long time. It has been suggested that anti-VEGF drugs with different targets may improve the prognosis even as a late line of therapy if it is tolerable.

[Efficacy of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Post-Operative Wound Dehiscence after Resection of a Metastatic AbdominalWal lTumor from Cecal Cancer during Chemotherapy with Bevacizumab].

A 74-year-old man with recurrence of cecal cancer received systemic chemotherapy(CapeOX plus bevacizumab). After the administration of 9 courses, he reported sudden appearance of bloody bowel discharge. Endoscopic examination could not locate the bleeding point. A CT scan indicated that the small intestine was affected by the recurrence of cancer. Therefore, resection of the small intestine was performed after 6 weeks of drug withdrawal. Although direct closure with fascia incision was performed for the repair of wound dehiscence after surgery, re-dehiscence occurred because of paralytic ileus. Wound lavage and nutritional intervention were performed, followed by negative pressure wound therapy. Excellent wound healing was achieved by this therapeutic approach for 3 months.

[Efficacy of Laparoscopic Surgery for Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer Over 80 Years Old].

The efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for elderly patients aged over 80 years who have colorectal cancer was investigated concerning complications. Sixty-five patients over 80 years old who underwent colorectal cancer resection until January 2018 were enrolled. Factors that led to complication were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-three men and 32 women were included, with a median age of 83 years. Forty-eight cases were located at the colon; and 17, at the rectum. The median operating time was 164 minutes, including 39 cases treated with the laparoscopic approach. Postoperative complications were observed in 28 cases(43.1%), of which 15(23.1%)had a Clavien-Dindo(CD)classification of Grade BⅡ. These cases had significantly prolonged postoperative hospital stay. Complications included 10 cases of incisional surgical site infection(SSI), 9 cases of ileus, 6 cases of melena, 2 cases of urinary infection, 2 cases of urinary disorder, and 1 case of postoperative death. Open surgery was the only significant factor associated with the incidence of CD classification of BⅡ(p=0.0330). Among the complications, the incisional SSI was reduced by laparoscopic surgery(p=0.0050). The number of laparoscopic surgeries reduced the incidence of CD classification BⅡ of complications in elderly patients aged over 80 years who had with colorectal cancer resection. The use of incisional SSI also decreased with the use of laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in elderly patients may lead to reduced complication rates.

Evaluation of Surgical Instruments With Radiofrequency Identification Tags in the Operating Room.

BACKGROUND: Surgical instrument retention and instrument breakage compromise surgery quality and lead to medical malpractice. We developed an instrument tracking system that could alert surgeons to instrument retention during surgery and monitor instrument use to reduce the risk of breakage. METHODS: This prospective, experimental clinical trial included 15 patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery or lumpectomy under general anesthesia at Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital. Radiofrequency identification (RFID)-tagged surgical instruments were used, and a detection antenna was placed on a mayo stand during the operation. We analyzed the 1-loop detection ratio (OLDR)-that is, the capability of the antenna to detect devices in a single reading-and the total detection rate (TDR)-that is, the data accumulated for the duration of the operation-of the RFID-tagged instruments. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed that the OLDR was 95% accurate, whereas the TDR was 100% accurate. The antenna could not detect the RFID tag when there was interference from electrocautery noise radiation, and 6% of instrument movement was undetected by the antenna; however, the TDR and instrument use were detected at all times. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical instruments can be tracked during surgery, and this tracking can clarify the usage rate of each instrument and serve as a backup method of instrument counting. However, this study was conducted on a small scale, and RFID tags cannot be attached to small surgical instruments used in complex operations such as neurosurgery. Further efforts to develop a tracking system for these instruments are warranted.

[Surgery for Lower Intestinal Perforation Due to Peritoneal Dissemination].

INTRODUCTION: we examined the cases in which surgery was performed for the lower intestinal perforation due to peritoneal dissemination in our hospital. SUBJECTS: Four cases of lower intestinal perforation of patients with peritoneal dissemination who underwent emergency operation in our hospital were enrolled. RESULTS: Two males and 2 females patients with median age of 65.5 year old(63-71)were included. The perforated sites were 3 cases of small intestine and 1 case of ascending colon, and the APACHE II score at the visit was 14.5(10-16)points. The surgical procedure was performed in 3 cases of resection of the perforated site and 3 cases of stoma creation. In 2 out of 4 cases, it became difficult to control bacterial peritonitis and died on the 16th postoperative day. One case could discharge hospital and continued BSC, survived 4 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Although long-term prognosis could not be expected, there were cases in which it was possible to restart the oral intake after surgery or discharge. Surgical treatment might be selected for the lower intestinal perforation due to peritoneal dissemination.

[Multiple Resections for Metastases from Colorectal Cancer].

PURPOSE: We analyzed to clarify an outcome of multiple resections of metastases from colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Total 7 cases who underwent several resections for metastases from colorectal cancer in Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital after 2010 were enrolled for analysis. RESULT: Age of patients at the time of the primary site resection was 67(45-78)year-old, including 4males and 3 females. Patients located at cecum/ascending/sigmoid/rectosigmoid/upper rectum were 1/1/2/2/1 respectively. Metachronous metastases were found in 5 patients. There were 1 patient for Stage I , 2 patients for Stage III a and III b each and all Stage III patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The resected organs were 9 in lung, 8 in liver, 1 case in lymph node, local site and peritoneum and the median resected sites were 3(2-4)lesions. In 17 months median observation periods after latest resection, 5 cases have not been prolapsed including 3 cases with chemotherapy. Two cases were relapsed with unresectble status. One case died for 24 months and one case is under the chemotherapy for 12 months. Five year survival rate was 75% and 2 year prolapse free rate was 66.7%, since the relatively good prognosis was obtained by multiple resections. CONCLUSION: The cases that multiple resections with R0 were able to perform for the metastases were analyzed. Although cases which become finally to be unresectable exist, it is suggested that the relatively good prognosis might be obtained by multiple resections for metastases.

[A Case of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Ascending Colon That Responded Completely to Chemotherapy].

We report a case of effective treatment comprising mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab for neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ascending colon. A 60-year-old woman was admitted for diarrhea and abdominal pain. Colonoscopy showed a Type 2 tumor in the ascending colon. She was diagnosed with neuroendocrine cell carcinoma based on biopsy and immunostaining. CT and MRI showed liver metastasis and lymph node #12a metastasis. Right hemi-colectomy, lymphadenectomy, and partial hepatectomy were performed(T4a, N2, M1b, Stage IV). Neuroendocrine cell carcinoma(small-cell type)was finally diagnosed based on a histological examination because the nuclear fission image was 30(/10HPF)and the Ki-67 index was 42%. Three months after the surgery, multiple lymph node metastases were found using CT and MRI. mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab was initiated. After 4 courses of the chemotherapy, the metastases responded completely. A total of 10 courses of chemotherapy were administered. About 2 years and 6 months after the surgery, no recurrence is allowed.

[Analyses of Relapsed Cases after Oxaliplatin-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Cur A Resection].

INTRODUCTION: There are few reports on the outcome of relapsed cases after curative resection for colorectal cancer(CRC) with adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Thus, we analyzed such cases. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In total, 48 patients with CRC who received oxaliplatin-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy from 2012 were analyzed. The clinical course was examined in 9 cases ofrecurrence. RESULTS: Stages II, III a, and III b(1, 3, and 5 cases, respectively)were judged as recurrence in 9 cases. Metastatic sites were the lungs, local sites, liver, and peritoneum(3, 3, 3, and 1 case[s], respectively). The median time to relapse was 390 days. There were 2 cases ofwild -type RAS and 7 cases ofmutant RAS. Although R0 resection was performed in 1 case, re-relapse was recognized. Another 8 cases involved induced chemotherapy. An oxaliplatin-based regimen was administered as first-line treatment in 4 of8 cases. At present, 5 patients died, and 3 of8 cases could not progress to second-line treatment. The overall survival(OS)after relapse was 475 days, and survival more than 3 years was not observed. CONCLUSION: Recurrent cases after Cur A resection for CRC with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy were examined. Although the 3-year RFS and 5-year OS were relatively good, the prognosis after relapse was quite poor.

[A Case of Stage IV Rectal Cancer Achieving Long-Term Stable Disease Treated with Chemotherapy and Residual Tumor Resection].

We herein report a Stage IV case ofrectal cancer in a patient who achieved stable disease and was treated monthly with fluorouracil(FU)monotherapy plus bevacizumab(Bmab)against relapse after residual tumor resection and withdrawal because ofref usal to continue chemotherapy, even though a marked response was obtained with standard chemotherapy. A 73-year-old woman visited a former hospital in 2014, and was diagnosed with rectal cancer with liver and lung metastases (diagnosed with Rb, T3, M1b[liver, lung]cStage IV). Chemotherapy(mFOLFOX6 plus Bmab)was initiated with a consideration of conversion. After 5 courses, she moved to our hospital. Since she was not aggressive to chemotherapy from the beginning, an imaging examination was performed after 9 courses. The primary lesion and lung metastases had disappeared, and there was only one liver metastasis. Partial hepatic resection was performed to attempt chemotherapy withdrawal following informed consent. Six months after surgery with no therapy, since relapse in the rectum and lungs was confirmed, laparoscopic rectal amputation was performed to control the primary tumor. Chemotherapy containing FU monotherapy plus Bmab was reinitiated after 15 months of withdrawal because liver and lung metastases increased 5 months after rectal amputation. Two months after resuming chemotherapy, the metastatic lesion decreased in size, and the tumor marker level normalized. The same regimen is continued monthly, and the response has been maintained for 17 months(infusions of 5-FU/LV plus Bmab, 18 courses).

[A Case of Hepatectomy for Liver Metastases during Long-Term Chemotherapy after Three Hepatectomies for Liver Metastases from Rectal Cancer].

We report the case of a 78-year-old man with liver metastases from rectal cancer treated with hepatectomy after 14 months of chemotherapy. This was the fourth hepatic recurrence after hepatectomy. Distant metastasis of colorectal cancer can be considered for resection, if it can be an R0 resection; however, there is no consensus regarding the timing and extent of resection. Although a study has shown the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy for resectable liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, the regimen and duration of chemotherapy has not been established yet. It is important that an adequate treatment should be selected for each case, such as chemotherapy as systemic therapy and surgery as local therapy.

End Sigmoid Colostomy Reconstruction Using Purse-string Subcutaneous Suture via Extraperitoneal Route at the Site of a Previous Transperitoneal Loop Stoma.

We previously experienced two cases of end sigmoid colostomy reconstruction via the extraperitoneal route at the same site as the transperitoneal loop stoma. For an anterior rectus fascia, the transperitoneal route used closed intraperitoneal interrupted sutures and continuous sutures with barbed sutures. A new extraperitoneal route was established through the sutured anterior rectus sheath. Before reconstructing the end stoma, a subcutaneous purse-string with monofilament absorbable sutures tied to create an approximately 2.5 cm diameter was used. There were no early complications associated with the stoma. One year after surgery, a parastomal hernia was not defined. Using the presented technique, two cases were successfully recreated extraperitoneally at the same site's end stoma.

Poor Prognosis in Patients With Stage III Colorectal Cancer Receiving Adjuvant FOLFOX/CAPOX Therapy Is Predicted by the Presence of Many Poorly Differentiated Clusters.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) have been reported to be a useful grading system for predicting prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between the number of PDCs and prognosis in patients with stage III CRC treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 49 patients with stage III CRC who underwent curative surgery followed by oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. PDC was defined as a cluster of ≥5 cancer cells without glandular structure at the invasive front of the primary tumor. RESULTS: During the observation period, 12 patients experienced relapse. The patients were divided into two groups (<7 and ≥7 PDC groups), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated [area under the curve (AUC)=0.743]. Patients with ≥7 PDCs had a much shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) than those with <7 PDCs (p<0.0001). The overall survival (OS) was also significantly worse in patients with ≥7 PDCs than in those with <7 PDCs (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that PDC was the only significant prognostic factor measured that could predict RFS (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.0047) in patients with stage III CRC treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: In patients with stage III CRC treated with post-resection oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens, the presence of ≥7 PDCs at the invasive front of the primary tumor predicted unfavorable prognosis.

Successful rechallenge with cetuximab after an infusion related reaction to panitumumab in a patient with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Incidence of infusion related reaction (IR) is more common with cetuximab (Cmab) than with panitumumab (Pmab). Although little is known about rechallenge IR with monoclonal antibodies, we experienced a successful rechallenge to Cmab after IR to Pmab. A 67-year-old female patient was scheduled for chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 plus Pmab against unresectable advanced rectal cancer in the hope of tumor shrinkage. On the first administration of Pmab, she complained of dyspnea with shortness of breath and wheezing, even after premedication with steroids and antihistamines. Her reaction was judged as Grade 2 IR to Pmab. For the next course, we tried Cmab. No IRs were observed. Since then, she has undergone seven further courses of treatment, followed by surgical resection. The patient benefited from administration of Cmab after experiencing IR to Pmab, suggesting this treatment to be an option for patients of this type who experience IR to Pmab.

Laparoscopic Surgery Reduces Risk of Postoperative Complications and Non Cancer-related Survival in Patients Over 80 Years Old With Colorectal Cancer.

Background: The short- and long-term results from several reports suggest that laparoscopic surgery (LAP) for elderly patients is expected to reduce the risk of complications due to its minimal invasiveness, However, little is known about the effect of LAP on long-term prognosis aside from cancer. Patients and Methods: Eighty-five cases over 80 years old with colorectal cancer whose primary lesions were resected consecutively were enrolled. Risk factors for complications were searched using categorized clinicopathological factors. The factors for death unrelated to cancer were analyzed in patients by excluding cancer-related death. Results: Incidence of all complications, those of Clavien-Dindo grade 2 or more, and surgical site infection were significantly lower in LAP-treated patients (p=0.0343, p=0.0015 and p=0.0015, respectively). By multivariate analysis, LAP (odds ratio=0.19, 95% confidence intervaI=0.05-0.75, p=0.0177) and no pulmonary dysfunction (odds ratio=0.24, 95% confidence intervaI=0.06-0.96, p=0.0441) were significantly associated with reduced risk of complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 2 or more. LAP, no pulmonary dysfunction and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 were also significantly associated with reduced risk for death from non cancer-related causes. Additionally, LAP was significantly associated with improved survival excluding cancer-related death in patients with pulmonary dysfunction (p=0.0020) or with poor performance status (p=0.0412). Conclusion: These results suggest that fewer complications and non cancer-related deaths were achieved in very elderly patients with colorectal cancer when treated by LAP.

Comparison of the protective effects of type III phosphodiesterase (PDE3) inhibitor (cilostazol) and acetylsalicylic acid on intestinal microcirculation after ischemia reperfusion injury in mice.

Antiplatelet therapy has been proposed as the treatment of choice for ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study is to elucidate the difference in effect between cilostazol (CZ) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on microcirculatory disturbance in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Either 10 mg/kg of CZ (n = 14) or 100 mg/kg of ASA (n = 14) was administered orally to mice. Thereafter, 20 min of intestinal ischemia, followed by 60-min reperfusion, was applied; then, the status of submucosal microcirculation was observed under intravital microscopy. The blood cell counts and organ damage markers were examined in the portal blood. Next, 5 mm of the ileum was excised and was then histologically examined. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates were often observed in the postcapillary venules, and this formation was significantly reduced by both CZ and ASA. The number of adherent leukocytes was significantly lesser in the CZ-treated mice than in the ASA-treated mice (P < 0.01). The leukocyte number, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate levels were best maintained in the CZ-treated mice (P < 0.05). The villus height was best preserved in the CZ-treated mice. Cilostazol inhibited not only the platelet aggregation but also the leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, thereby inducing organ protection.