Aggregation-Enabled Electrochemistry in Confined Nanopore Capable of Complementary Faradaic and Non-Faradaic Detection.

Electrochemistry that empowers innovative nanoscopic analysis has long been pursued. Here, the concept of aggregation-enabled electrochemistry (AEE) in a confined nanopore is proposed and devised by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive aggregation of CdS quantum dots (QDs) within a functional nanopipette. Complementary Faradaic and non-Faradaic operations of the CdS QDs aggregate could be conducted to simultaneously induce the signal-on of the photocurrents and the signal-off of the ionic signals. Such a rationale permits the cross-checking of the mutually corroborated signals and thus delivers more reliable results for single-cell ROS analysis. Combined with the rich biomatter-light interplay, the concept of AEE can be extended to other stimuli-responsive aggregations for electrochemical innovations.

Dimensional and Doping Engineering of Chiral Perovskites with Enhanced Spin Selectivity for Green Emissive Spin Light-Emitting Diodes.

Chiral perovskites play a pivotal role in spintronics and optoelectronic systems attributed to their chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Specifically, they allow for spin-polarized charge transport in spin light-emitting diodes (LEDs), yielding circularly polarized electroluminescence at room temperature without external magnetic fields. However, chiral lead bromide-based perovskites have yet to achieve high-performance green emissive spin-LEDs, owing to limited CISS effects and charge transport. Herein, we employ dimensional regulation and Sn2+-doping to optimize chiral bromide-based perovskite architecture for green emissive spin-LEDs. The optimized (PEA)x(S/R-PRDA)2-xSn0.1Pb0.9Br4 chiral perovskite film exhibits an enhanced CISS effect, higher hole mobility, and better energy level alignment with the emissive layer. These improvements allow us to fabricate green emissive spin-LEDs with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.7% and an asymmetry factor |gCP-EL| of 1.1 × 10-3. This work highlights the importance of tailored perovskite architectures and doping strategies in advancing spintronics for optoelectronic applications.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Dihydropyrroles via 1,5-Addition and N-1,4-Addition Cascade.

An unprecedented 1,5-addition/N-1,4-addition cascade reaction is established via palladium hydride catalysis. A variety of polysubstituted dihydropyrrole skeletons are constructed in high yield and with exclusively >20 : 1 diastereoselectivity. An enantioselective protocol of this design is also developed to provide a novel access to enantioenriched dihydropyrroles.

Optimal resource allocation model for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A lack of health resources is a common problem after the outbreak of infectious diseases, and resource optimization is an important means to solve the lack of prevention and control capacity caused by resource constraints. This study systematically evaluated the similarities and differences in the application of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resource allocation models and analyzed the effects of different optimal resource allocations on epidemic control. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBD, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase for articles published from January 1, 2019, through November 23, 2023. Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies, extracted and cross-checked the data. Moreover, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 22 articles were included for systematic review; in the application of optimal allocation models, 59.09% of the studies used propagation dynamics models to simulate the allocation of various resources, and some scholars also used mathematical optimization functions (36.36%) and machine learning algorithms (31.82%) to solve the problem of resource allocation; the results of the systematic review show that differential equation modeling was more considered when testing resources optimization, the optimization function or machine learning algorithm were mostly used to optimize the bed resources; the meta-analysis results showed that the epidemic trend was obviously effectively controlled through the optimal allocation of resources, and the average control efficiency was 0.38(95%CI 0.25-0.51); Subgroup analysis revealed that the average control efficiency from high to low was health specialists 0.48(95%CI 0.37-0.59), vaccines 0.47(95%CI 0.11-0.82), testing 0.38(95%CI 0.19-0.57), personal protective equipment (PPE) 0.38(95%CI 0.06-0.70), beds 0.34(95%CI 0.14-0.53), medicines and equipment for treatment 0.32(95%CI 0.12-0.51); Funnel plots and Egger's test showed no publication bias, and sensitivity analysis suggested robust results. CONCLUSION: When the data are insufficient and the simulation time is short, the researchers mostly use the constructor for research; When the data are relatively sufficient and the simulation time is long, researchers choose differential equations or machine learning algorithms for research. In addition, our study showed that control efficiency is an important indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control. Through the optimization of medical staff and vaccine allocation, greater prevention and control effects can be achieved.

Identification of diterpenoids from Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib and their antitumor activities.

Four new diterpenoid tropolones, salvirrddones A-D (1-4), and four new icetexanes, salvirrddices A-D (9-12), along with thirteen new 11,12-seco-norabietane diterpenoids, salvirrddnor A-M (14-24, 31, 32) and sixteen known compounds (5-8, 13, 25-30, 33-37), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray crystallography. Structurally, compounds 1-8 represent a class of rare natural products featuring a unique cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienone moiety with diterpenoid skeletons. Bioassays showed that only diterpenoid tropolones 3, 5, 6, and 7 exhibited significant activity against several human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.01 to 11.63 µM. Additionally, 3 was shown to inhibit Hep3B cell proliferation, block the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, promote apoptosis, as well as inhibit migration and invasion in vitro. Meanwhile, 3 demonstrated anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and migration-inhibitory effects in the Hep3B xenograft zebrafish model in vivo. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking results suggested that 3 may treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, as well as by binding PARP1 and CDK2 targets. Overall, the present results extremely expand the repertoire of diterpenoids from natural products and may provide a novel chemical scaffold for the discovery of new antitumor drugs.

Risk assessment of infection of COVID-19 contacts based on scenario simulation.

We constructed a rapid infection risk assessment model for contacts of COVID-19. The improved Wells-Riley model was used to estimate the probability of infection for contacts of COVID-19 in the same place and evaluate their risk grades. We used COVID-19 outbreaks that were documented to validate the accuracy of the model. We analyzed the relationship between controllable factors and infection probability and constructed common scenarios to analyze the infection risk of contacts in different scenarios. The model showed the robustness of the fitting (mean relative error = 5.89%, mean absolute error = 2.03%, root mean squared error = 2.03%, R2 = 0.991). We found that improving ventilation from poorly ventilated to naturally ventilated and wearing masks can reduce the probability of infection by about two times. Contacts in places of light activity, loud talking or singing, and heavy exercise, oral breathing (e.g., gyms, KTV, choirs) were at higher risk of infection. The model constructed in this study can quickly and accurately assess the infection risk grades of COVID-19 contacts. Simply opening doors and windows for ventilation can significantly reduce the risk of infection in certain places. The places of light activity, loud talking or singing, and heavy exercise, oral breathing, should pay more attention to prevent and control transmission of the epidemic.

High Preoperative Pain Score is a Predictor of Cheilectomy Failure in Hallux Rigidus.

Hallux rigidus (HR) is a prevalent arthritic condition in the foot. Cheilectomy is a common joint-preserving procedure for HR, involving the removal of prominent osteophytes to relieve impingement of the 1st MTPJ. This study aims to identify factors associated with the failure of cheilectomy in the treatment of HR. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database from 2007 to 2021 identified all cheilectomy cases. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. Preoperative demographic data, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and foot radiographs were collected. PROMs were reassessed in postoperative reviews, and cases were categorized as successes or failures. Failure was defined by meeting at least one of the following criteria at the latest review: 1) Visual analog pain score (VAS) more than or equal to 4, 2) undergoing subsequent revision procedures, or 3) reporting poor or terrible satisfaction with the surgery. The analysis involved 66 patients, with 19 failure and 47 success cases. Both groups showed similar age, BMI, and gender profiles. Preoperative radiographic parameters were comparable between groups. However, preoperative VAS was significantly higher in the failure group: 7.16 vs 5.23 (p = .0029). Logistic regression confirmed preoperative VAS as a predictor of nonresponse (p = .023). Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis established an optimal cut-off VAS score of 7.0. Patients with a preoperative VAS score of more than 7 had an odds ratio of 5.11 (p = .0055) for failure. A higher preoperative VAS score is significantly associated with cheilectomy failure in HR treatment, suggesting a cutoff score of 7.0.

[The Generative Artificial Intelligence Revolution in Nursing: A New Chapter in Enhancing Care Quality and Education].

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a recent major breakthrough in technology development and, in recent years, generative AI has emerged as another trendsetter. The application of generative AI technologies in the healthcare sector has not only opened new possibilities for improving the efficiency of medical diagnoses but also provided healthcare professionals with more-accurate patient monitoring capabilities and optimized care processes. Combining generative AI with nursing expertise holds out the potential of creating a more valuable model of nursing care. The impact of generative AI on the nursing profession poses both challenges and opportunities. By applying appropriate strategies, it is possible to create more advanced and humane nursing values that enhance overall nursing efficiencies and align the nursing field with modern technological advancements. In this article, the development of AI and generative AI is reviewed, and the potential for their application to nursing care is discussed, with the goal of stimulating innovative thinking and new strategies for interdisciplinary collaboration between technology and nursing.

Effects of N and P additions on twig traits of wild apple (Malus sieversii) saplings.

BACKGROUND: Wild apple (Malus sieversii) is under second-class national protection in China and one of the lineal ancestors of cultivated apples worldwide. In recent decades, the natural habitation area of wild apple trees has been seriously declining, resulting in a lack of saplings and difficulty in population regeneration. Artificial near-natural breeding is crucial for protecting and restoring wild apple populations, and adding nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) is one of the important measures to improve the growth performance of saplings. In this study, field experiments using N (CK, N1, N2, and N3: 0, 10, 20, and 40 g m- 2 yr- 1, respectively), P (CK, P1, P2, and P3: 0, 2, 4, and 8 g m- 2 yr- 1, respectively), N20Px (CK, N2P1, N2P2, and N2P3: N20P2, N20P4 and N20P8 g m- 2 yr- 1, respectively), and NxP4 (CK, N1P2, N2P2, and N3P2: N10P4, N20P4, and N40P4 g m- 2 yr- 1, respectively) treatments (totaling 12 levels, including one CK) were conducted in four consecutive years. The twig traits (including four current-year stem, 10 leaf, and three ratio traits) and comprehensive growth performance of wild apple saplings were analyzed under different nutrient treatments. RESULTS: N addition had a significantly positive effect on stem length, basal diameter, leaf area, and leaf dry mass, whereas P addition had a significantly positive effect on stem length and basal diameter only. The combination of N and P (NxP4 and N20Px) treatments evidently promoted stem growth at moderate concentrations; however, the N20Px treatment showed a markedly negative effect at low concentrations and a positive effect at moderate and high concentrations. The ratio traits (leaf intensity, leaf area ratio, and leaf to stem mass ratio) decreased with the increase in nutrient concentration under each treatment. In the plant trait network, basal diameter, stem mass, and twig mass were tightly connected to other traits after nutrient treatments, indicating that stem traits play an important role in twig growth. The membership function revealed that the greatest comprehensive growth performance of saplings was achieved after N addition alone, followed by that under the NxP4 treatment (except for N40P4). CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, artificial nutrient treatments for four years significantly but differentially altered the growth status of wild apple saplings, and the use of appropriate N fertilizer promoted sapling growth. These results can provide scientific basis for the conservation and management of wild apple populations.

(±)-Salvicatone A: A Pair of C27-Meroterpenoid Enantiomers with Skeletons from the Roots and Rhizomes of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib.

(±)-Salvicatone A (1), a C27-meroterpenoid featuring a unique 6/6/6/6/6-pentacyclic carbon skeleton with a 7,8,8a,9,10,10a-hexahydropyren-1 (6H)-one motif, was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Salvia castanea Diels f. tomentosa Stib. Its structure was characterized by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses along with computer-assisted structure elucidation, including ACD/structure elucidator and quantum chemical calculations with 1H/13C NMR and electronic circular dichroism. Biogenetically, compound 1 was constructed from decarboxylation following [4 + 2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between caffeic acid and miltirone analogue. Bioassays showed that (-)-1 and (+)-1 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of 6.48 ± 1.25 and 15.76 ± 5.55 µM, respectively. The structure-based virtual screening based on the pharmacophores in ePharmaLib, as well as the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations study, implied that (-)-1 and (+)-1 may potentially bind to retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C to exert anti-inflammatory activities.

A tripartite complex containing MRCK modulates lamellar actomyosin retrograde flow.

Actomyosin retrograde flow underlies the contraction essential for cell motility. Retrograde flow in both lamellipodia and lamella is required for membrane protrusion and for force generation by coupling to cell adhesion. We report that the Rac/Cdc42-binding kinase MRCK and myosin II-related MYO18A linked by the adaptor protein LRAP35a form a functional tripartite complex, which is responsible for the assembly of lamellar actomyosin bundles and of a subnuclear actomyosin network. LRAP35a binds independently to MYO18A and MRCK. This binding leads to MRCK activation and its phosphorylation of MYO18A, independently of ROK and MLCK. The MRCK complex moves in concert with the retrograde flow of actomyosin bundles, with MRCK being able to influence other flow components such as MYO2A. The promotion of persistent protrusive activity and inhibition of cell motility by the respective expression of wild-type and dominant-negative mutant components of the MRCK complex show it to be crucial to cell protrusion and migration.

α-BaF2 Nanoparticle Substrate-Enabled γ-CsPbI3 Heteroepitaxial Growth for Efficient and Bright Deep-Red Light-Emitting Diodes.

All-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite is attractive for deep-red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) because of its excellent carrier mobility, high color purity, and solution processability. However, the high phase transition energy barrier of optically active CsPbI3 black phase hinders the fabrication of efficient and bright LEDs. Here, we report a novel α-BaF2 nanoparticle substrate-promoted solution-processable heteroepitaxial growth to overcome this hindrance and obtain high-quality optically active γ-CsPbI3 thin films, achieving efficient and bright deep-red LEDs. We unravel that the highly exposed planes on the α-BaF2 nanoparticle-based heteroepitaxial growth substrate have a 99.5% lattice matching degree with the (110) planes of γ-CsPbI3. This ultrahigh lattice matching degree initiates solution-processed interfacial strain-free epitaxial growth of low-defect and highly oriented γ-CsPbI3 thin films on the substrate. The obtained γ-CsPbI3 thin films are uniform, smooth, and highly luminescent, based on which we fabricate efficient and bright deep-red LEDs with a high peak external quantum efficiency of 14.1% and a record luminance of 1325 cd m-2.

Cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre cohort study.

BACKGROUND: A new syndrome of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has emerged as a rare side-effect of vaccination against COVID-19. Cerebral venous thrombosis is the most common manifestation of this syndrome but, to our knowledge, has not previously been described in detail. We aimed to document the features of post-vaccination cerebral venous thrombosis with and without VITT and to assess whether VITT is associated with poorer outcomes. METHODS: For this multicentre cohort study, clinicians were asked to submit all cases in which COVID-19 vaccination preceded the onset of cerebral venous thrombosis, regardless of the type of vaccine, interval between vaccine and onset of cerebral venous thrombosis symptoms, or blood test results. We collected clinical characteristics, laboratory results (including the results of tests for anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies where available), and radiological features at hospital admission of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID-19, with no exclusion criteria. We defined cerebral venous thrombosis cases as VITT-associated if the lowest platelet count recorded during admission was below 150 × 109 per L and, if the D-dimer was measured, the highest value recorded was greater than 2000 µg/L. We compared the VITT and non-VITT groups for the proportion of patients who had died or were dependent on others to help them with their activities of daily living (modified Rankin score 3-6) at the end of hospital admission (the primary outcome of the study). The VITT group were also compared with a large cohort of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis described in the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis. FINDINGS: Between April 1 and May 20, 2021, we received data on 99 patients from collaborators in 43 hospitals across the UK. Four patients were excluded because they did not have definitive evidence of cerebral venous thrombosis on imaging. Of the remaining 95 patients, 70 had VITT and 25 did not. The median age of the VITT group (47 years, IQR 32-55) was lower than in the non-VITT group (57 years; 41-62; p=0·0045). Patients with VITT-associated cerebral venous thrombosis had more intracranial veins thrombosed (median three, IQR 2-4) than non-VITT patients (two, 2-3; p=0·041) and more frequently had extracranial thrombosis (31 [44%] of 70 patients) compared with non-VITT patients (one [4%] of 25 patients; p=0·0003). The primary outcome of death or dependency occurred more frequently in patients with VITT-associated cerebral venous thrombosis (33 [47%] of 70 patients) compared with the non-VITT control group (four [16%] of 25 patients; p=0·0061). This adverse outcome was less frequent in patients with VITT who received non-heparin anticoagulants (18 [36%] of 50 patients) compared with those who did not (15 [75%] of 20 patients; p=0·0031), and in those who received intravenous immunoglobulin (22 [40%] of 55 patients) compared with those who did not (11 [73%] of 15 patients; p=0·022). INTERPRETATION: Cerebral venous thrombosis is more severe in the context of VITT. Non-heparin anticoagulants and immunoglobulin treatment might improve outcomes of VITT-associated cerebral venous thrombosis. Since existing criteria excluded some patients with otherwise typical VITT-associated cerebral venous thrombosis, we propose new diagnostic criteria that are more appropriate. FUNDING: None.

Conservative surgery with microwave ablation for recurrent bone tumor in the extremities: a single-center study.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment for recurrent bone tumors in the extremities still presents a challenge. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical value of microwave ablation in the treatment of recurrent bone tumors. METHODS: We present 15 patients who underwent microwave ablation for recurrent bone tumors during the last 7 years. The following parameters were analyzed for outcome evaluation: general condition, surgical complications, local disease control, overall survival, and functional score measured using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 scoring system. RESULTS: Percutaneous microwave ablation in one patient with osteoid osteoma and another with bone metastasis resulted in postoperative pain relief. Thirteen patients received intraoperative microwave ablation before curettage or resection, including those with giant cell tumors of bone (6), chondroblastoma (2), osteosarcoma (2), undifferentiated sarcoma (1), and bone metastases (2). All patients achieved reasonable local tumor control in the mean follow-up of 29.9 months. The functional score was 24.1 for the 15 patients 6 months after the operation. Four patients had tumor metastasis and died, whereas 3 patients with tumors survived, and the remaining 8 patients without the disease survived. CONCLUSIONS: Microwave ablation represents an optional method for local control in treating recurrent bone tumors in the extremities.

Preoperative combination score of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes as a predictor for locally advanced rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of baseline peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes on locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of 317 LARC patients during July 2010 and October 2016 were retrospectively gathered. X-tile software was used to acquire the optimal cutoff values of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Peripheral blood immune score (PBIS) system was proposed and built based on neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. The Cox model was used to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and potential outcomes. C-index was used to assess model performance. A nomogram was constructed to predict prognosis, and a calibration plot was used to verify the accuracy of the nomogram prediction model. RESULTS: Cutoff values of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were 4.46 (× 109/L), 1.66 (× 109/L), and 0.39 (× 109/L), respectively. PBIS was related to sex (P < 0.001), tumor length (P = 0.003), and tumor thickness (P = 0.014). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that PBIS (HR = 0.707, 95% CI: 0.549-0.912, P = 0.008) was an independent predictor of DFS. High PBIS (HR = 0.697, 95% CI: 0.492-0.988, P = 0.043) and high lymphocyte count (HR = 0.511, 95%CI: 0.273-0.958, P = 0.036) were favorable factors of OS. Both C-index (0.74, 95% CI: 0.549-0.912) and the calibration plot showed good prediction ability of the nomogram for DFS. CONCLUSION: PBIS, composed of baseline peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, is an independent predictor of the prognosis of LARC. Combination of PBIS and ypTNM stage may be a promising marker to guide adjuvant therapy after the operation.

Competitive CatSper Activators of Progesterone from Rhynchosia volubilis.

The root Rhynchosia volubilis was widely used for contraception in folk medicine, although its molecular mechanism on antifertility has not yet been revealed. In human sperm, it was reported that the cation channel of sperm, an indispensable cation channel for the fertilization process, could be regulated by various steroid-like compounds in plants. Interestingly, these nonphysiological ligands would also disturb the activation of the cation channel of sperm induced by progesterone. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether the compounds in R. volubilis affect the physiological regulation of the cation channel of sperm. The bioguided isolation of the whole herb of R. volubilis has resulted in the novel discovery of five new prenylated isoflavonoids, rhynchones A - E (1:  - 5: ), a new natural product, 5'-O-methylphaseolinisoflavan (6: ) (1H and 13C NMR data, Supporting Information), together with twelve known compounds (7:  - 18: ). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses and drawing a comparison with literature data, while their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism calculations. The experiments of intracellular Ca2+ signals and patch clamping recordings showed that rhynchone A (1: ) significantly reduced cation channel of sperm activation by competing with progesterone. In conclusion, our findings indicat that rhynchone A might act as a contraceptive compound by impairing the activation of the cation channel of sperm and thus prevent fertilization.

Fall Detection with the Spatial-Temporal Correlation Encoded by a Sequence-to-Sequence Denoised GAN.

Falling is a major cause of personal injury and accidental death worldwide, in particular for the elderly. For aged care, a falling alarm system is highly demanded so that medical aid can be obtained immediately when the fall accidents happen. Previous studies on fall detection lacked practical considerations to deal with real-world situations, including the camera's mounting angle, lighting differences between day and night, and the privacy protection for users. In our experiments, IR-depth images and thermal images were used as the input source for fall detection; as a result, detailed facial information is not captured by the system for privacy reasons, and it is invariant to the lighting conditions. Due to the different occurrence rates between fall accidents and other normal activities, supervised learning approaches may suffer from the problem of data imbalance in the training phase. Accordingly, in this study, anomaly detection is performed using unsupervised learning approaches so that the models were trained only with the normal cases while the fall accident was defined as an anomaly event. The proposed system takes sequential frames as the inputs to predict future frames based on a GAN structure, and it provides (1) multi-subject detection, (2) real-time fall detection triggered by motion, (3) a solution to the situation that subjects were occluded after falling, and (4) a denoising scheme for depth images. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves the state-of-the-art performance and copes with the real-world cases successfully.

A novel ent-pimarane-type diterpenoid from Sigesbeckia glabrescens with anti-inflammatory activity.

A novel ent-pimarane-type diterpenoid, sigesbeckia J (1), along with two known diterpenoids, siegesbeckia acid (2) and ent-18-acetoxy-16R,17-dihydroxykauran-19-oic acid (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic interpretation. The absolute configuration of ent-pimarane-type diterpenoid (1) was determined by comparing experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compared with the positive control minocycline (IC50 32.84 µM), compound 1 exhibited moderate cell growth anti-inflammatory activities in vitro by testing their inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells, with IC50 value of 58.74 µM.

High-speed identification system for fresh tea leaves based on phenotypic characteristics utilizing an improved genetic algorithm.

BACKGROUND: High-quality tea requires leaves of similar size and tenderness. The grade of the fresh leaves determines the quality of the tea. The automated classification of fresh tea leaves improves resource utilization and reduces manual picking costs. The present study proposes a method based on an improved genetic algorithm for identifying fresh tea leaves in high-speed parabolic motion using the phenotypic characteristics of the leaves. During parabolic flight, light is transmitted through the tea leaves, and six types of fresh tea leaves can be quickly identified by a camera. RESULTS: The influence of combinations of morphology, color, and custom corner-point morphological features on the classification results were investigated, and the necessary dimensionality of the model was tested. After feature selection and combination, the classification performance of the Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine algorithms were compared. The recognition time of Naive Bayes was the shortest, whereas the accuracy of support vector machine had the best classification accuracy at approximately 97%. The support vector machine algorithm with only three feature dimensions (equivalent diameter, circularity, and skeleton endpoints) can meet production requirements with an accuracy rate reaching 92.5%. The proposed algorithm was tested by using the Swedish leaf and Flavia data sets, on which it achieved accuracies of 99.57% and 99.44%, respectively, demonstrating the flexibility and efficiency of the recognition scheme detailed in the present study. CONCLUSION: This research provides an efficient tea leaves recognition system that can be applied to production lines to reduce manual picking costs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

[Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Ganshuang Granules in treatment of liver injury].

This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of Ganshuang Granules in the treatment of liver injury, so as to provide a new choice for patients with liver injury. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for the randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Ganshuang Granules in the treatment of liver injury. RevMan 5.4 was employed to perform the Meta-analysis of the included RCT according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1. A total of 3 005 patients were included in 38 RCTs, including 1 536 patients in the observation group and 1 469 in the control group. The results of Meta-analysis showed that Ganshuang Granules combined with conventional therapy was superior to the therapy in the control group in reducing alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(MD=-24.12, 95%CI[-32.17,-16.07], P<0.000 01), aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(MD=-23.24, 95%CI[-29.70,-16.78], P<0.000 01), total bilirubin(TBiL)(MD=-12.42, 95%CI[-14.62,-10.22], P<0.000 01), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)(MD=-21.32, 95%CI[-33.61,-9.03], P=0.000 7). Compared with the control group, the observation group had witnessed a significant increase in albumin(ALB)(MD=4.94, 95%CI[4.44, 5.45], P<0.000 01). No significant adverse reactions were observed. According to the available data, Ganshuang Granules combined with conventional therapy can effectively recover the levels of ALT, AST, TBiL, GGT, and ALB in patients with liver injury. Nevertheless, high-quality RCT is still needed to further verify the findings of this study.