ABSTRACT
For the local treatment of bone defects, highly adaptable macromolecular architectures are still required as drug delivery system (DDS) in solid bone substitute materials. Novel DDS fabricated by host-guest interactions between ß-cyclodextrin-modified dendritic glycopolymers and adamantane-modified temperature-sensitive polymers for the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZM) is presented. These DDS induce a short- and long-term (up to two weeks) retarded release of BZM from calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) in comparison to a burst release of the drug alone. Different release parameters of BZM/DDS/CPC are evaluated in phosphate buffer at 37 °C to further improve the long-term retarded release of BZM. This is achieved by increasing the amount of drug (50-100 µg) and/or DDS (100-400 µg) versus CPC (1 g), by adapting the complexes better to the porous bone cement environment, and by applying molar ratios of excess BZM toward DDS with 1:10, 1:25, and 1:100. The temperature-sensitive polymer shells of BZM/DDS complexes in CPC, which allow drug loading at room temperature but are collapsed at body temperature, support the retarding long-term release of BZM from DDS/CPC. Thus, the concept of temperature-sensitive DDS for BZM/DDS complexes in CPC works and matches key points for a local therapy of osteolytic bone lesions.
Subject(s)
Bone Cements , Proteasome Inhibitors , Bortezomib/pharmacology , Calcium Phosphates , Drug Delivery Systems , TemperatureABSTRACT
The use of a drug delivery system (DDS) represents a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of multiple myeloma in bone lesion. We show the immunomodulatory effects of anionic and cationic dendritic poly(ethyleneimine) glycoarchitectures (PEI-DGAs) on human myeloma cell lines and cells in their microenvironment, in vitro differentiated macrophages, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). PEI-DGAs do not influence the secretion of IL-6, which is a major growth and survival factor in multiple myeloma. Cationic PEI-DGAs in turn have cytostatic properties on multiple myeloma cell lines. Anionic PEI-DGAs induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, TNFα, and IL-6 in macrophages and MSCs, whereas cationic PEI-DGAs do not. Macrophages and MSCs show remarkably high cell viability in the presence of high concentration of PEI-DGAs. RNA sequencing of MSCs exposed to cationic PEI-DGAs supports the hypothesis that smaller cationic PEI-DGAs are less toxic and could improve osteogenic differentiation in an ideal DDS.