ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cutis laxa (CL) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by loose, redundant, inelastic and wrinkled skin. Patients develop a prematurely aged appearance. Inheritance can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. The X-linked form is now classified in the group of copper transport diseases. Autosomal dominant CL is characterized by wrinkled, redundant and sagging, inelastic skin and in some cases is associated with internal organ involvement. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a familial case of autosomal dominant CL, which includes a 33-year-old woman and her 11-year-old son with dry, thin and wrinkled skin that appeared prematurely aged. No serious involvement of internal organs was found. In both patients, we identified novel heterozygous mutation c.2323delG (p.Ala775fs) in exon 34 of elastin transcript NM_001278939.1. Similar frameshift mutations in the last exons of elastin gene were previously reported in patients with autosomal dominant CL. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a novel frameshift mutation that was found in patients with cutis laxa. Exome sequencing is effective and useful technology for properly diagnosis of diseases with similar phenotype to ensure proper treatment is provided.
Subject(s)
Cutis Laxa/genetics , Elastin/genetics , Adult , Child , DNA Mutational Analysis , Exons/genetics , Female , Frameshift Mutation , Heterozygote , Humans , Kazakhstan , Male , Exome SequencingABSTRACT
Bacterial sodium-dependent decarboxylases were the first enzymes exemplifying sodium-dependent bioenergetics. These enzyme complexes couple decarboxylation of organic acids with the export of sodium ions via a special membrane subunit. In 711 representative prokaryotic genomes, we have analyzed genomic neighborhoods of the genes that code the membrane subunit of sodium decarboxylases. In representatives of Thermotogae, the operons with the gene of this subunit lack the genes of subunits that perform non-oxidative decarboxylation. Instead, these operons contain the genes of alpha- and delta-subunits of decarboxylating oxidoreductases of alpha-ketoacids. The genes of beta- and gamma-subunits of the decarboxylating oxidoreductases were found within the genomes of respective Thermotogae species as separate, two-gene operons. We suggest that the described two operons code together for sodium-translocating decarboxylating oxidoreductases capable of coupling oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids with the export of sodium ions, which is a novel type of bioenergetic coupling.