ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Brain abnormalities detected through neuroimaging are described in patients with vitamin D deficiency, however, it is still not clear which cerebral alterations are more frequent and characteristic in this population. Thus, this review aims to identify and classify which are the main and most frequent brain changes found by neuroimaging in patients with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study protocol was constructed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the leading research question was formulated through Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Setting. The evidence will be researched at the following electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE. Two researchers will work in the selection, analysis and inclusion phases of the articles. In the case of divergence, a third-party reviewer will be contacted. The following studies will be included: (1) cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies; (2) studies carried out on patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL; (3) studies conducted with an adult population; (4) studies using neuroimaging methods. Articles considered eligible will be analysed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale/cross-section studies to evaluate study quality. The survey will be conducted from June to December 2022. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The identification of the main and most frequent brain alterations found through neuroimaging in patients with vitamin D deficiency can guide professionals as to the identification which of the main cerebral pathologies detected through neuroimaging are related to vitamin D deficiency, in choosing more sensitive and specific neuroimaging tests to detect these brain changes, in addition to emphasising the importance of monitoring and maintaining adequate serum levels of vitamin D, in order to reduce possible cognitive sequelae. Results will be announced at national and international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018100074.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases , Vitamin D Deficiency , Humans , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnostic imaging , Neuroimaging , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Meta-Analysis as TopicABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: to identify the prevalence of depression in elderly men and associated factors using Latent Class Analysis. Method: a cross-sectional, epidemiological study evaluating 162 Primary Care users resident in the community in Recife, Brazil, was carried out. The Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale was used as a screening instrument. The study was based on descriptive analysis and Latent Class Analysis, which allows the indirect measurement of the phenomenon of Depression by measuring the latent phenomenon of depression through 15 directly observed questions/answers from the scale used followed by ordinal logistic regression. Results: Elderly men with up to four years of schooling had a 2.43 times greater chance of developing depression. Those with normal levels of cortisol were less likely to become depressed while elderly men with low levels of Vitamin D and testosterone and high levels of thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) were more likely to be depressed. The prevalence of the highest level of depression in the study population was 29% and was associated with low levels of education and alterations in the clinical data investigated. Conclusion: The study concluded that Latent Class Analysis allowed an innovative perspective of the phenomenon of depression and its relationship with associated factors, allowing a better and broader approach to this phenomenon in clinical practice. AU
Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência da depressão em homens idosos e fatores associados por meio da Análise de Classes Latentes. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, com avaliação de 162 usuários atendidos na Atenção Básica em comunidade do Recife, Brasil. O instrumento de rastreamento utilizado foi a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage. Foi realizada análise descritiva e Análise de Classes Latentes, que permite a mensuração do fenômeno depressão de forma indireta, sendo a depressão esse fenômeno latente mensurado pelas 15 perguntas/respostas diretamente observadas da escala utilizada e, depois, a regressão logística ordinal. Resultados: Idosos com até quatro anos de estudo apresentaram chance 2,43 vezes maior de desenvolver depressão. Aqueles com níveis normais de cortisol tinham menos chances de se tornarem deprimidos e idosos com baixos níveis de vitamina D e de testosterona e altos níveis de hormônio tireoestimulante (TSH), uma chance maior. A prevalência do nível maior da depressão na população estudada foi de 29% estando associada ao baixo grau de escolaridade e às alterações dos dados clínicos investigados. Conclusão: O estudo concluiu que as Análises de Classes Latentes apresentaram um olhar inovador sobre o fenômeno depressão e sua relação com fatores associados, permitindo assim, uma melhor e mais ampla abordagem desta, na prática clínica. AU