[The effect of actinomycin D on lysosomal proteinase activity in murine macrophages and spleen during immune response]. / Vliianie aktinomitsina D na aktivnost' lizosomal'nykh proteinaz v makrofagakh i selezenke myshei pri immunnom otvete.

Actinomycin D inhibited activation of lysosomal cathepsins A, B, C, D, H and L in peritoneal macrophages, caused by T-dependent antigen (sheep erythrocytes), of mice CBA X C57BL/6 strain. At the same time, the antibiotic stimulated activity of cathepsins A, C, D and H but decreased content of antibody-producing cells in spleen tissue. Inhibition of lysosomal proteinases in macrophages may be responsible for immunodepressive effect of actinomycin D.

[Effect of high saccharose diet on antioxidant status in rats]. / Vkiianie vysokosakharoznoi diety na antioksidantnyi status krys.

The addition to the diet of rats the higher amount of sugar resulted in changes their antioxidant status. It was shown the significant increasing of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase as well as the rate of lipid peroxidation in blood.

[Study of long-term effects of zeolites on the body of laboratory animals]. / Izuchenie otdalennykh posledstvii pri vozdeistvii tseolitov na organizm laboratornykh zhivotnykh.

The aim of present study was an investigations of embryotoxic, teratogenic and gonadotoxic effects of zeolites of Pashensky and Chongurinsky (chongurin) deposits. Zeolites are suggested as feed additives in stock-breeding animal and poultry-keeping. In long-term experiments it was shown that zeolites included in animal diet as much as 5% of diet mass had no unfavourable effect on animals. Negative effect on growth and development of generation, hematologic parameters of blood and activity of some enzymes were also not observed.

[Toxicological characteristics of acute and subacute T-2 mycotoxicosis in mice]. / Toksikologicheskaia kharakteristika ostrogo i podostrogo T-2 mikotoksikozov u myshei.

Intragastric administration to mice of solutions of crystalline T-2 toxin in a dose aqual to the LD50 or in doses from the 1/5 to 1/50 of the LD50 brought about a stable decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and lysozyme concentration in blood serum. In addition, acute and subacute T-2 mycotoxicoses were characterized by a marked lowering of hemoglobin concentration, the total red cell and leukocyte counts (doses 1/5-1/20 of the LD50) and lymphosytes (doses 1/5-1/50 of the LD50) in the peripheral blood toward the end of experiments. Variation of the hematological and biochemical characteristics after administering the toxin in low doses was detected despite the absence of the clinical symptoms of intoxication. These characteristics are the most sensitive to the toxic action of T-2 toxin.

[Toxicological and hygienic evaluation of a new fodder additive: liquid mash concentrate]. / Toksikologo-gigienicheskaia otsenka novoi kormovoi dobavki-- kontsentrata bardianogo zhidkogo.

The results of toxicological evaluation of 'concentrate bardjanoj liquid' (CBL) a new fodder additive are presented. It was shown on one generation of rats that CBL at dose of 1 g and 10 g per 1 kg of body mass had no an embryotoxic, gonadotoxic and teratogenic effects. However long-term intake of CBL during 5 month with diet of rats caused the changes in rat body. It was found increasing of relative weights of kidney, spleen and heart, decreasing of contents of total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol in rat liver. Also the desquamative enteritis in some cases with ulcers was found. These data did not allow to recommend CBL as fodder additive in studied doses.

[Biochemical, hematological and immunological criteria for assessing chronic T-2 mycotoxicosis in mice]. / Biokhimicheskie, gematologicheskie i immunologicheskie kriterii otsenki khronicheskogo T-2 mikotoksikoza u myshei.

The authors studied the effect of a long-term intragastric administration to CBA X C57Bl/6 male mice of T-2 toxin in doses of 0.067 mg/kg bw a day (1/100 of the LD50) or 0.33 and 0.45 mg/kg a day (1/20 and 1/15 of the LD50) on the liver content of protein, cytochrome P-450 SH-glutathione and on the activity of 10 lysosomal and microsomal enzymes and glutathione transferase. A dose-dependent increase in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases and glutathione transferase localized in cytosol was revealed together with a fall in the activity of microsomal aniline hydroxylase, carboxyl esterase and epoxide hydrolase. Emphasis is laid on a dose-dependent reduction in the liver of nonsedimented activity of lysosomal enzymes. In T-2 mycotoxicosis, the most sensitive and the most stable parameter was the activity of lysosomal enzymes in blood serum. That activity also declined during the recovery period, namely 3 months after discontinuance of toxin administration. Both groups of mice showed a progressive decrease in the blood leukocyte count and lysozyme content, whereas in the spleen, there was a decrease in the number of antibody-forming cells. It is concluded that biochemical, hematological and hematological characteristics should be taken into consideration in evaluating the chronic action of T-2 toxin.

[Experimental animal study of the safety of biologically active food supplement obtained from ginseng root]. / Izuchenie na laboratornykh zhivotnykh bezopasnosti biologicheski aktivnoi pishchevoi dobavki, poluchennoi iz kornei zhen'sheniia.

The aim of present study was an investigations of safety of product "Bioton-1" which is suggested as biologically active food additive. Long-term intake the product "Bioton-1" by the rats Wistar during 6 month at doses of 0.75 ml per kg of body weight hadn't an unfavorable effects on integral, biochemical, hemotologic and morphologic parameters of animals. It was shown on two generations of rats that "Bioton-1" hadn't an embryotoxic, gonadotoxic and teratogenic effects and also hadn't negative effect on growth and development of posterity of rats. Including into the diet of rats product "Bioton-1" at dose of 0.25 per kg of body weight during the whole life hadn't an effect on animals life duration.

[Investigation of the safety of the product "Rialam."]. / Izuchenie bezvrednosti produkta "Rialam."

The data on safety investigation of product "Rialam", which is proposed as biologically active food supplement are presented. Chronic experiment and single generation experiment were made on Wistar rats. It is shown that diet "Rialam" in dose 100 mg/kg of body weight didn't influence negatively on growth and development of rats blood parameters, immune status, internal organs morphology, metabolism, hadn't embryotoxic, gonadotoxic and teratogenic action.

[Embryotoxic effects of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin (vomitoxin) in rats]. / Embriotoksicheskoe deistvie mikotoksina dezoksinivalenola (vomitoksina) na krys.

Study of embryotoxic action of deoxynivalenol in levels of 0.2, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg from 7 to 15 day of rat pregnancy was worked up. The 0.2 mg/kg determined as a maximal acceptable dose without toxic effects.

[The enzymes of the metabolism of exogenous compounds in the comparative assessment of the toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins]. / Fermenty metabolizma chuzherodnykh soedinenii pri sravnitel'noi otsenki toksichnosti trikhotetsenovykh mikotoksinov.

Moderate clinical, biochemical and hematologic signs of intoxication were observed in mice after single administration of HT-2 toxin (deacetylated derivative of T-2 toxin) in LD50 of 12.75 mg/kg or in 1/5 of LD50 for 7 days. The toxin produced no toxic effect when 1/10 and 1/50 of LD50 were administered for 14 days. With the dose exceeding 1/50 of LD50 a reduction in cytochrome P-450 content, carboxylesterase activity and increased activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione transferase were recorded. T-2 toxin produced a more pronounced toxic effect, inhibited UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and insignificantly stimulated glutathione transferase activity. Lower HT-2 toxin toxicity is believed to depend on its ability to activate conjugation reactions to a greater extent than T-2 toxin.

[Hepatocyte ultrastructure in mice with chronic T-2 mycotoxicosis]. / Ul'trastruktura gepatotsitov myshei pri khronicheskom mikotoksikoze T-2.

Trichothecene mycotoxin (T-2 toxin) was administered by gastric intubation to CBAXC57BL/6 mice at a dose of 0.33-0.45 mg/kg for 6 months. No symptoms of intoxication were observed, however, electron microscopic studies revealed a severe damage of hepatocyte structure, especially of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Besides the destruction of hepatocytes an increase in the number of primary and secondary lysosomes was observed. Regenerating foci were found in the majority of liver cells. In chronic T-2 mycotoxicosis there is a strong correlation between the damage of hepatocyte ultrastructure and the changes in organella-specific enzymatic activity in the liver, that was described previously.