ABSTRACT
INNOVATION IS THE driving force behind progress in neurosurgery. Most significant innovations require commercialization to ensure appropriate development and ultimate distribution to patients. There are several key factors that determine whether a particular innovation is likely to be commercially successful. Relationships between academic neurosurgeons and industry are likely to increase in the future. Stronger and more productive relationships between academic neurosurgeons and commercial ventures will provide new opportunities for neurosurgeons to bring innovations to patients more effectively and efficiently. The transfer of innovation from the academic environment to the commercial setting is consistent with the academic mission and can increase funding for basic and clinical neuroscience research.
Subject(s)
Entrepreneurship , Neurosurgery/methods , Commerce , Role , United StatesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Systemic antibiotics given during the first week after tonsillectomy appear to be effective in reducing postoperative morbidity. We assessed the effectiveness of perioperative topical antibiotic rinses in reducing posttonsillectomy morbidity. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study of 36 patients undergoing tonsillectomy was used to evaluate the effects of a standard 7-day systemic regimen of perioperative intravenous ampicillin/oral amoxicillin and 2 single-day topical antibiotic regimens: (1) clindamycin (Cleocin) and (2) amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) and ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin). RESULTS: Mean aerobic and anaerobic oral bacterial counts were decreased in both topical treatment groups compared with the placebo group on the first postoperative day, achieving statistical significance with Augmentin/Timentin (aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts) and Cleocin (aerobic counts). Significantly less postoperative pain and mouth odor were reported for both Cleocin (P = 0.014 and P = 0.005, respectively) and Augmentin/Timentin (P = 0.026 and P = 0.05, respectively) topical treatment groups when compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results indicate a reduction in oral bacterial counts and postoperative morbidity in adult patients receiving topical antibiotics compared with patients receiving placebo; further investigation is warranted.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Tonsillectomy , Administration, Topical , Adult , Amoxicillin/administration & dosage , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/administration & dosage , Ampicillin/administration & dosage , Bacteria/growth & development , Clavulanic Acids/administration & dosage , Clindamycin/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Mouth/microbiology , Mouthwashes , Pilot Projects , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Ticarcillin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
An anatomic photoelastic model of a human skull was constructed with the use of individual simulants for teeth, bone, and periodontal ligaments. The following effects of extraoral chin cup traction were observed: 1. Stresses were noted in the area of the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone due to the insertion of the simulated external pterygoid muscle. 2. Because of direct contact of the condyle against the posterior surface of the glenoid fossa, forces were seen to be transmitted to this anatomic area. 3. Stress trajectories followed the trabecular pattern of the anatomic configuration of the mandible. 4. Beginning at the apices of the incisor teeth, the stresses emanated through the body, the angle and retromolar triangle of the mandible, radiating in a posterosuperior fashion and concentrating at the neck of the condyle. 5. Selected sectioning of the mandibular model showed evidence of stress concentration at the lingual aspect of the angle and retromolar area as well as at the condylar neck at the level of the external pterygoid muscle insertion. The effects of orthopedic forces produced by an extraoral chin cup in this study are correlated with the histologic and clinical observations during the utilization of this appliance in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.
Subject(s)
Mandible/anatomy & histology , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable , Stress, Mechanical , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Humans , Mandibular Condyle/anatomy & histology , Models, Anatomic , Tooth/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Two synthetic absorbable sutures were implanted in rats for a comparative evaluation of breaking strength, tissue reaction and absorption. Polyglactin 910 suture was stronger than polyglycolic acid suture in both sizes tested and at all time periods from zero to 35 days. Both suture types elicited minimal tissure response. Based upon histologic examination, virtually all remnants of the polyglactin 910 were absorbed by 90 days, while considerable quantities of polyglycolic acid persisted at 120 days. The difference in absorption rates was a highly significant feature of the comparative biologic profiles of the two suture materials.