ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 primary strain-based vaccination exerts a protective effect against Omicron variants-initiated infection, symptom occurrence, and disease severity in a booster-dependent manner. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. During the 2022 Omicron outbreak in Shanghai, we enrolled 122 infected adults and 50 uninfected controls who had been unvaccinated or vaccinated with two or three doses of COVID-19 inactive vaccines and performed integrative analysis of 41-plex CyTOF, RNA-seq, and Olink on their peripheral blood samples. The frequencies of HLA-DRhi classical monocytes, non-classical monocytes, and Th1-like Tem tended to increase, whereas the frequency of Treg was reduced by booster vaccine, and they influenced symptom occurrence in a vaccine dose-dependent manner. Intercorrelation and mechanistic analysis suggested that the booster vaccination induced monocytic training, which would prime monocytic activation and maturation rather than differentiating into myeloid-derived suppressive cells upon Omicron infections. Overall, our study provides insights into how booster vaccination elaborates protective immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants.
ABSTRACT
The COVID19 crisis has magnified the issues plaguing academic science, but it has also provided the scientific establishment with an unprecedented opportunity to reset. Shoring up the foundation of academic science will require a concerted effort between funding agencies, universities, and the public to rethink how we support scientists, with a special emphasis on early career researchers.
Subject(s)
Career Mobility , Research Personnel/trends , Research/trends , Achievement , Biomedical Research , Humans , Research Personnel/education , Science/education , Science/trends , UniversitiesABSTRACT
How do APOE4 and aging, two of the strongest risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), promote disease progression? In this issue of Immunity, Millet et al. examine microglia in AD mice bearing different APOE alleles at distinct ages and identify a conserved exhausted-like microglial state enriched in very elderly and APOE4 AD brains.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Apolipoprotein E4 , Humans , Aged , Animals , Mice , Apolipoprotein E4/genetics , Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Aging/genetics , Alleles , BrainABSTRACT
Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed distinct microglial states in development and disease. These include proliferative-region-associated microglia (PAMs) in developing white matter and disease-associated microglia (DAMs) prevalent in various neurodegenerative conditions. PAMs and DAMs share a similar core gene signature. However, the extent of the dynamism and plasticity of these microglial states, as well as their functional significance, remains elusive, partly due to the lack of specific tools. Here, we generated an inducible Cre driver line, Clec7a-CreERT2, that targets PAMs and DAMs in the brain parenchyma. Utilizing this tool, we profiled labeled cells during development and in several disease models, uncovering convergence and context-dependent differences in PAM and DAM gene expression. Through long-term tracking, we demonstrated microglial state plasticity. Lastly, we specifically depleted DAMs in demyelination, revealing their roles in disease recovery. Together, we provide a versatile genetic tool to characterize microglial states in CNS development and disease.
Subject(s)
Cell Plasticity , Microglia , Remyelination , Microglia/physiology , Animals , Mice , Cell Plasticity/genetics , Demyelinating Diseases/genetics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Disease Models, Animal , Brain , Myelin Sheath/metabolism , White Matter/pathologyABSTRACT
Nervous system function depends on proper myelination for insulation and critical trophic support for axons. Myelination is tightly regulated spatially and temporally, but how it is controlled molecularly remains largely unknown. Here, we identified key molecular mechanisms governing the regional and temporal specificity of CNS myelination. We show that transcription factor EB (TFEB) is highly expressed by differentiating oligodendrocytes and that its loss causes precocious and ectopic myelination in many parts of the murine brain. TFEB functions cell-autonomously through PUMA induction and Bax-Bak activation to promote programmed cell death of a subset of premyelinating oligodendrocytes, allowing selective elimination of oligodendrocytes in normally unmyelinated brain regions. This pathway is conserved across diverse brain areas and is critical for myelination timing. Our findings define an oligodendrocyte-intrinsic mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal specificity of CNS myelination, shedding light on how myelinating glia sculpt the nervous system during development.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Apoptosis , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Myelin Sheath/metabolism , Neuroglia/metabolism , Oligodendroglia/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics , Brain/cytology , Female , Male , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Myelin Sheath/genetics , Neuroglia/cytology , Oligodendroglia/cytology , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Genetic tools to target microglia specifically and efficiently from the early stages of embryonic development are lacking. We generated a constitutive Cre line controlled by the microglia signature gene Crybb1 that produced nearly complete recombination in embryonic brain macrophages (microglia and border-associated macrophages [BAMs]) by the perinatal period, with limited recombination in peripheral myeloid cells. Using this tool in combination with Flt3-Cre lineage tracer, single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, and confocal imaging, we resolved embryonic-derived versus monocyte-derived BAMs in the mouse cortex. Deletion of the transcription factor SMAD4 in microglia and embryonic-derived BAMs using Crybb1-Cre caused a developmental arrest of microglia, which instead acquired a BAM specification signature. By contrast, the development of genuine BAMs remained unaffected. Our results reveal that SMAD4 drives a transcriptional and epigenetic program that is indispensable for the commitment of brain macrophages to the microglia fate and highlight Crybb1-Cre as a tool for targeting embryonic brain macrophages.
Subject(s)
Macrophages , Microglia , Mice , Animals , Microglia/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Integrases/genetics , Integrases/metabolism , Brain/metabolismABSTRACT
The pituitary gland responds to and modulates immune stress through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. A new study in PLOS Biology reveals unconventional bidirectional communication between hormone-producing cells and the immune system upon systemic inflammation.
Subject(s)
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System , Pituitary Gland , Humans , Hormones , Inflammation , Gene Expression ProfilingABSTRACT
Issues of molecular weight determination have been central to the development of supramolecular polymer chemistry. Whereas relationships between concentration and optical features are established for well-behaved absorptive and emissive species, for most supramolecular polymeric systems no simple correlation exists between optical performance and number-average molecular weight (Mn). As such, the Mn of supramolecular polymers have to be inferred from various measurements. Herein, we report an anion-responsive supramolecular polymer [M1·Zn(OTf)2]n that exhibits monotonic changes in the fluorescence color as a function of Mn Based on theoretical estimates, the calculated average degree of polymerization (DPcal) increases from 16.9 to 84.5 as the monomer concentration increases from 0.08 mM to 2.00 mM. Meanwhile, the fluorescent colors of M1 + Zn(OTf)2 solutions were found to pass from green to yellow and to orange, corresponding to a red shift in the maximum emission band (λmax ). Therefore, a relationship between DPcal and λmax could be established. Additionally, the anion-responsive nature of the present system meant that the extent of supramolecular polymerization could be regulated by introducing anions, with the resulting change in Mn being readily monitored via changes in the fluorescent emission features.
ABSTRACT
Quantifying airway smooth muscle (ASM) in patients with asthma raises the possibility of improved and personalized disease management. Endobronchial polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a promising quantitative imaging approach that is in the early stages of clinical translation. To date, only animal tissues have been used to assess the accuracy of PS-OCT to quantify absolute (rather than relative) ASM in cross sections with directly matched histological cross sections as validation. We report the use of whole fresh human and pig airways to perform a detailed side-by-side qualitative and quantitative validation of PS-OCT against gold-standard histology. We matched and quantified 120 sections from five human and seven pig (small and large) airways and linked PS-OCT signatures of ASM to the tissue structural appearance in histology. Notably, we found that human cartilage perichondrium can share with ASM the properties of birefringence and circumferential alignment of fibers, making it a significant confounder for ASM detection. Measurements not corrected for perichondrium overestimated ASM content several-fold (P < 0.001, paired t test). After careful exclusion of perichondrium, we found a strong positive correlation (r = 0.96, P < 0.00001) of ASM area measured by PS-OCT and histology, supporting the method's application in human subjects. Matching human histology further indicated that PS-OCT allows conclusions on the intralayer composition and in turn potential contractile capacity of ASM bands. Together these results form a reliable basis for future clinical studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) may facilitate in vivo measurement of airway smooth muscle (ASM). We present a quantitative validation correlating absolute ASM area from PS-OCT to directly matched histological cross sections using human tissue. A major confounder for ASM quantification was observed and resolved: fibrous perichondrium surrounding hyaline cartilage in human airways presents a PS-OCT signature similar to ASM for birefringence and optic axis orientation. Findings impact the development of automated methods for ASM segmentation.
Subject(s)
Asthma , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Humans , Swine , Animals , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Respiratory System , Cartilage , Muscle, Smooth/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
T-cell lymphoma is a highly invasive tumor with significant heterogeneity. Invasive tissue biopsy is the gold standard for acquiring molecular data and categorizing lymphoma patients into genetic subtypes. However, surgical intervention is unfeasible for patients who are critically ill, have unresectable tumors, or demonstrate low compliance, making tissue biopsies inaccessible to these patients. A critical need for a minimally invasive approach in T-cell lymphoma is evident, particularly in the areas of early diagnosis, prognostic monitoring, treatment response, and drug resistance. Therefore, the clinical application of liquid biopsy techniques has gained significant attention in T-cell lymphoma. Moreover, liquid biopsy requires fewer samples, exhibits good reproducibility, and enables real-time monitoring at molecular levels, thereby facilitating personalized health care. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current liquid biopsy biomarkers used for T-cell lymphoma, focusing on circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA, antibodies, and cytokines. Additionally, we discuss their clinical application, detection methodologies, ongoing clinical trials, and the challenges faced in the field of liquid biopsy.
Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections , Lymphoma, T-Cell , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Liquid Biopsy/methods , Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis , Lymphoma, T-Cell/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is a common cause of disability in the aging population, and managing sarcopenia is an important step in building intrinsic capacity and promoting healthy aging. A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep deprivation may be a mediator of the development of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia using data from a national sample. METHODS: Two waves of data from the CHARLS database for 2011 and 2015 were used in this study. All possible sarcopenia participants met the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) diagnostic criteria. Sleep duration was assessed using a self-report questionnaire, and sleep duration was categorized as short (≤ 6 h), medium (6-8 h), or long (> 8 h) based on previous studies. Longitudinal associations between sleep duration and possible sarcopenia will be calculated by univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analyses and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 5654 individuals participated in the follow-up study, with a prevalence of possible sarcopenia of 53.72% (578) in the short sleep duration group, 38.29% (412) in the medium sleep duration group, and 7.99% (86) in the long sleep duration group. According to the crude model of the second-wave follow-up study, short sleep durations were significantly more strongly associated with possible sarcopenia than were medium and long sleep durations (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17-1.55, P = 0.000). The association between short sleep duration and possible sarcopenia was maintained even after adjustment for covariates such as age, gender, residence, education level, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption and comorbidities (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.36, P = 0.029). In the subgroup analysis, short sleep duration was associated with low grip strength (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.41, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation may be closely associated with the development of possible sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly people, which provides new insights and ideas for sarcopenia intervention, and further studies are needed to reveal the underlying mechanisms involved.
Subject(s)
Sarcopenia , Sleep Duration , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China/epidemiology , East Asian People , Longitudinal Studies , Prevalence , Sarcopenia/epidemiology , Sarcopenia/diagnosis , Sarcopenia/physiopathology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Atmospheric deposition of Cd poses a serious threat to ecosystem security. Biochar is widely used for polluted soil remediation, however, whether biochar already applied to the soil can reduce the hazards of newly deposited Cd remains to be studied. Thus, an indoor cultural experiment and static adsorption method were conducted to study the isothermal and kinetic adsorption processes of three types of biochar (rice husk, rubber wood, and tobacco stem biochars) on Cd in iron rich soils and the effect of biochar on the morphological distribution of Cd in the soil and the soil pH. The results showed that the soil with biochar in our study could quickly fix "the new deposited Cd" in the soil in 3 h with the maximum adsorption capacity in rubber wood biochar-treated sample (3227.34 mg/kgï¼. The addition of all three biochar treatments significantly increased the soil pH and reduced the soil exchange state Cd content, with a 13.69-17.32% increase in the pH and a 13.22-54.39% reduction in the exchange state Cd content when contrasted with the control, which could promote those Cd converting into unavailable Cd (carbonate-bound form Cd, Fe-Mn oxide-bound form Cd, or residual form Cd) for crops. In summary, the addition of three kinds of biochar treatments could effectively reduce the ecological and environmental risk of soil that was contaminated by Cd and could provide a reliable theoretical basis for the effect of biochar on the improvement of the quality of soil that is contaminated by heavy metals.
Subject(s)
Cadmium , Soil Pollutants , Cadmium/analysis , Iron , Soil/chemistry , Ecosystem , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Charcoal/chemistryABSTRACT
The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) gene family exists in higher plants, with the genes of this family playing significant roles in plant growth and development, as well as response to abiotic stresses. However, systematic reports on the FBA gene family and its functions in cucumber are lacking. In this study, we identified five cucumber FBA genes, named CsFBA1-5, that are distributed randomly across chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses involving these cucumber FBAs, alongside eight Arabidopsis FBA proteins and eight tomato FBA proteins, were conducted to assess their homology. The CsFBAs were grouped into two clades. We also analyzed the physicochemical properties, motif composition, and gene structure of the cucumber FBAs. This analysis highlighted differences in the physicochemical properties and revealed highly conserved domains within the CsFBA family. Additionally, to explore the evolutionary relationships of the CsFBA family further, we constructed comparative syntenic maps with Arabidopsis and tomato, which showed high homology but only one segmental duplication event within the cucumber genome. Expression profiles indicated that the CsFBA gene family is responsive to various abiotic stresses, including low temperature, heat, and salt. Taken together, the results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the evolution of and future research into the functional characterization of cucumber FBA genes during plant growth and development.
Subject(s)
Cucumis sativus , Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Phylogeny , Stress, Physiological , Cucumis sativus/genetics , Cucumis sativus/enzymology , Cucumis sativus/growth & development , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/genetics , Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Genome, Plant , Arabidopsis/genetics , Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Multigene Family , Gene Expression Profiling , Chromosomes, Plant/genetics , Synteny/genetics , Chromosome MappingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate whether the angiographic demonstration of a cutoff sign on the initial angiogram could predict recanalization and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients treated by endovascular thrombectomy. METHODS: The angiographic and clinical data of patients who underwent endovascular treatment from October 2018 to April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The pretreatment angiographic appearance of the thrombus's proximal part was assessed and classified as either the cutoff sign (+) or (-). Patients' baseline characteristics and angiographic and clinical outcomes between the two groups were analyzed using propensity score matching. Then, the two commonly used techniques, stent retrieval and contact aspiration, were compared in terms of successful reperfusion and clinical outcome in patients with the cutoff sign. RESULTS: The cutoff sign was observed in 77 (36.2%) of 213 patients. Patients with the cutoff sign were younger and were less likely to have involvement of the anterior circulation. Compared with the cutoff sign (-) group, the cutoff sign (+) group had a significantly longer procedure time (103 versus 80 min, P =0.002) and a lower percentage of 3-month good functional outcomes (18.2% versus 36%, P =0.006). After propensity score matching, the procedure time (100 versus 75 min, P =0.002) and the 3-month good outcome (19.2% versus 41.4%, P =0.004) remained significantly different. No significant differences were observed in the radiological (OR 0.758, 95% CI 0.157 to 3.658; P =0.730) and clinical (OR 0.747, 95% CI 0.147 to 3.787; P =0.725) outcomes between the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The cutoff sign might be an unfavorable prognostic indicator in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, and the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy techniques does not differ in patients positive for the cutoff sign.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia , Endovascular Procedures , Ischemic Stroke , Stroke , Humans , Prognosis , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Stroke/therapy , Stroke/etiology , Ischemic Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Ischemic Stroke/therapy , Ischemic Stroke/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Angiography , Thrombectomy/adverse effects , Thrombectomy/methods , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Brain Ischemia/therapy , Brain Ischemia/etiologyABSTRACT
The interleaver was one of the key devices in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) applications. In this study, an interleaver with an asymmetrical Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure was designed, fabricated, and characterized in hybrid silicon and lithium niobate thin films (Si-LNOI). The interleaver based on Si-LNOI could be fabricated by mature processing technology of Si photonic, and it was capable of the electro-optical (E-O) tuning function by using the E-O effect of LN. In the range of 1530-1620â nm, the interleaver achieved a channel spacing of 55â GHz and an extinction ratio of 12-28â dB. Due to the large refractive index of Si, the Si loading strip waveguide based on Si-LNOI had a compact optical mode area, which allowed a small electrode gap to improve the E-O modulation efficiency of the interleaver. For an E-O interaction length of 1 mm, the E-O modulation efficiency was 26 pm/V. The interleaver will have potential applications in DWDM systems, optical switches, and filters.
ABSTRACT
Benefiting from the features like polymeric linear structures, stimuli-responsiveness and dynamic adaptiveness, supramolecular polymers (SPs) are favored as exploiting muscle-like materials, allowing for imitating the muscle functions. However, a substantial part of these materials barely owned an unitary motion orientation while it was obviously known that muscle movements involved distinct orientations. Herein, M1 holding the structure of 44-membered macrocycle with two aldehyde groups was designed, meanwhile, M2 comprising of secondary ammonium ions, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl groups as well as the alkyl chains was fabricated, for which it could be assembled with M1 to generate SPs based on host-guest interactions from a large macrocycle and two secondary ammonium ions. SPs underwent vertical compression upon the addition of N2 H4 owing to the forming dynamic covalent bonds, notably, mechanically interlocked structures were also generated. Afterwards, the vertically compressed SPs experienced horizontal shrinkage when tetrabutylammonium chloride was contributed due to the destruction of host-guest interactions.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are usually inaccurate, expensive, or complicated. The breathomics-based method may be an attractive option for fast and noninvasive PTB detection. METHOD: Exhaled breath samples were collected from 518 PTB patients and 887 controls and tested on the real-time high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Machine learning algorithms were employed for breathomics analysis and PTB detection mode, whose performance was evaluated in 430 blinded clinical patients. RESULTS: The breathomics-based PTB detection model achieved an accuracy of 92.6%, a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 93.0%, and an AUC of 0.975 in the blinded test set (n = 430). Age, sex, and anti-tuberculosis treatment does not significantly impact PTB detection performance. In distinguishing PTB from other pulmonary diseases (n = 182), the VOC modes also achieve good performance with an accuracy of 91.2%, a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 88.0%, and an AUC of 0.961. CONCLUSIONS: The simple and noninvasive breathomics-based PTB detection method was demonstrated with high sensitivity and specificity, potentially valuable for clinical PTB screening and diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Lung Diseases , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Algorithms , Machine LearningABSTRACT
Granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is the main trigger of follicular atresia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18-22 nt RNAs whose function is primarily determined by their extended seed region and are considered to be involved in the biological functions of follicular development, including follicular atresia, folliculogenesis, and oogenesis. MiR-138-5p is known to act on chicken GCs. In this study, we found that miR-138-5p was enriched in reproductive organs, such as the uterus and ovaries. To examine whether miR-138-5p could regulate the biological process of GCs, miR-138-5p was examined by transfection of cells with a mimic or inhibitor of miR-138-5p. Expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA and protein were markedly increased or decreased after transfection of the mimic or inhibitor, respectively. Furthermore, following miR-138-5p inhibition, SIRT1, one of the target genes of miR-138-5p, was found to increase the mRNA, which is correlated with the increased levels of BCL2 expression, an anti-apoptotic gene in the chicken GCs. These results suggest that miR-138-5p promotes apoptosis in chicken GCs by targeting SIRT1.
Subject(s)
Granulosa Cells , MicroRNAs , Female , Animals , Granulosa Cells/metabolism , Chickens/genetics , Chickens/metabolism , Sirtuin 1/genetics , Sirtuin 1/metabolism , Follicular Atresia/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Apoptosis/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/geneticsABSTRACT
Broodiness, a maternal behavior, is accompanied by the atresia of follicles and the serious degradation of poultry reproductive performance. The comparison of follicles between brooding and laying hens is usually an ideal model for exploring the regulation mechanism of follicle atresia. In this study, we selected three brooding hens and three laying hens to collect their follicles for whole transcriptome sequencing. The results demonstrated different expression patterns between the follicles of brooding hens and laying hens. In the top 10 differentially expressed genes with the highest expression, MMP10 was relatively low expressed in the follicles of brooding hens, but other nine genes were relatively highly expressed, including LRR1, RACK1, SPECC1L, ABHD2, COL6A3, RPS17, ATRN, BIRC6, PGAM1 and SPECC1L. While miR-21-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-142-5p and miR-1b-3p were highly expressed in the follicles of brooding hen, miR-106-5p, miR-451, miR-183, miR-7, miR-2188-5p and miR-182-5p were lowly expressed in brooding hen. In addition, we identified 124 lncRNAs specifically expressed in the follicles of brooding hens and 147 lncRNAs specifically expressed in the follicles of laying hens. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of broodiness in broilers.
Subject(s)
MicroRNAs , RNA, Long Noncoding , Female , Animals , Chickens/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Follicular Atresia , Gene Expression Profiling/veterinary , MicroRNAs/genetics , Transcriptome/geneticsABSTRACT
Chemoenzymatic epoxidation of olefin mediated by lipase is a green and environmentally friendly alternative process. However, the mass transfer barrier and lipase deactivation caused by the traditional organic-water biphasic reaction system have always been the focus of researchers' attention. To overcome these issues, we investigated the effects of reaction temperature and two important substrates (H2O2 and acyl donor) on the epoxidation reaction and interfacial mass transfer. As a result, we determined the optimal reaction conditions: a temperature of 30 °C, 30 wt-% H2O2 as the oxygen source, and 1 M lauric acid as the oxygen carrier. Additionally, by simulating the conditions of shaking flask reactions, we designed a batch reactor and added a metal mesh to effectively block the direct contact between high-concentration hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme. Under these optimal conditions, the epoxidation reaction was carried out for 5 h, and the product yield reached a maximum of 93.2%. Furthermore, after seven repetitive experiments, the lipase still maintained a relative activity of 51.2%.