C-shaped canals in first and second mandibular molars from Brazilian individuals: A prevalence study using cone-beam computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to evaluate, through in vivo tomographic analysis, the prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular first and second molars of Brazilian individuals, analyzing its frequency by thirds of the roots, and in contralateral teeth. METHODS: Images of 801 mandibular molars (379 first molars and 422 second molars) from 334 Brazilian individuals (142 men and 192 women) were identified through 1544 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams, obtained from a private oral radiologic clinic. The cross-sectional configurations were analyzed to determine the frequency of C-shaped canals at three different axial levels and classified in categories by three experienced endodontists independently. RESULTS: The incidence of C-shaped canals was 181 (23%). Considering the type of tooth, 91 (24.01%) were identified in the first molars, and 90 (21.32%) were found in the second molars. The incidence was significantly higher in female individuals (P < 0.05) for both first and second molars. The most common C-shaped canal configurations were: C1 (89.01% for first molars and 90% second molars), followed by C2 (8.79% for first molars and 6.66% for second molars) and C4 (2.19% for the first molars and 3.33% for the second molars). Bilateral C-shaped canals were significantly higher than unilateral for both first and second molars (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular molars of the Brazilian individuals was higher than previously reported for both mandibular first (24.01%) and second molars (21.32%). The incidence was significantly higher in female individuals and the coronal portion of the roots. The classic C-shaped format "C1" was the most frequent anatomical configuration. Furthermore, the prevalence of bilateral C-shaped canals was higher for the first molar (61.70%) and lower for the second molar (38.29%).

Identificação das características associadas com a aprovação de candidatos de escolas públicas e privadas, Vestibular-2004, UFMG / Identification of the factors associated with the approval of candidates from public and private schools, Vestibular-2004, UFMG

Este trabalho visa a conhecer melhor o perfil dos candidatos oriundos de escolas das redes públicas e privadas de ensino que tentaram ingressar na UFMG em 2004. Busca-se identificar quais das características definidas no questionário socioeconômico e cultural aplicado no ato da inscrição do candidato podem estar mais associadas com a aprovação no vestibular. Conclui-se que o local de moradia e o conhecimento de língua estrangeira são as variáveis mais fortemente associadas com a aprovação do candidato de escolas particulares e escolas públicas, respectivamente. Verificou-se que, entre os candidatos que concluíram o ensino médio em escolas públicas, os que estudaram em escolas públicas federais tendem a se concentrar nos grupos com maiores chances de aprovação.

This paper aims to better understand the profile of the candidates for the UFMG entrance examination in 2004, coming from public and private schools. The objective is to identify which of the characteristics defined through a socioeconomic and cultural questionnaire answered by the candidates upon their application for the entrance examination may be associated with their approval at the University exams. It was found that the place where the candidates live and their knowledge of a foreign language are the variants more strongly related to the approval of the candidates of private schools and public schools, respectively. It was also found that, among the candidates who concluded high school at public schools that attained the highest chances of approval, there was a large percentage of candidates that attended high school in federal establishments.