ABSTRACT
A method is presented by which the urinary glycosaminoglycans can be isolated in a macromolecular fraction with complete recovery by preparative gel filtration. The urinary glycosaminoglycans can be quantitated by determinations of uronic acid and sulfaminohexose in the macromolecular fraction. Using untreated, random urine specimens of less than 5 ml volume, clinical mucopolysaccharidoses types I, II, and III could be readily distinguished.
Subject(s)
Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Mucopolysaccharidoses/diagnosis , Mucopolysaccharidosis III/diagnosis , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/diagnosis , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/urine , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/urine , Mucopolysaccharidosis III/urine , Uronic Acids/urineABSTRACT
This study was carried out in order to determine whether osteogenesis imperfecta affected individuals showed a different pattern of glycosaminoglycan excretion in urine than do normals. Quantitative excretion was compared by three different methods, and the qualitative composition of the excreted glycosaminoglycan was compared by electrophoresis. No difference was noted in the amount of glycosaminoglycan excreted by normal or affected individuals as measured by macromolecular uronic acid, Alcian Blue bound by urinary constituents or amount of glycosaminoglycan actually isolated by partition. However, the affected individuals showed a statistically significant increase in Alcian Blue binding over macromolecular uronic acid not seen in the normal group, which may possibly indicate the excretion of a substance capable of binding Alcian Blue, but which is not glycosaminoglycan, by osteogenesis imperfecta affected individuals. No qualitative differences in glycosaminoglycan excretion between the two groups were detectable by electrophoresis.
Subject(s)
Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/urine , Adolescent , Adult , Alcian Blue , Creatinine/urine , Electrophoresis , Female , Glycosaminoglycans/analysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Uronic Acids/urineABSTRACT
More than 300 million routine clinical analyses are performed annually in the United States. Methods for routine clinical urine examination, including detection of bacteriuria, are briefly reviewed. Prospects of some newer, better techniques to carry out such analyses are introduced. A preliminary report is presented on the use of supravital microscopic fluorescence technique (SMFT), employing acridine orange as a non-specific staining fluorochrome. Results of examining 218 unspun urine specimens by SMFT are compared to traditional bacteriologic culture at a large pediatric hospital reference laboratory.
Subject(s)
Urinalysis , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Fluorescence , Forecasting , Humans , Urinalysis/methods , Urinalysis/trendsABSTRACT
A simple one-step, office technique for the identification of superficial mycoses is presented. Buffered acridine orange is used as a supravital stain for direct examination of specimens under a fluorescence microscope. Neither prior treatment with potassium hydroxide, nor tissue fixation is required. Results usually can be obtained in less than five minutes. Extensive training in use of the microscope is not required.
Subject(s)
Tinea Capitis/diagnosis , Acridine Orange , Hair/microbiology , Humans , Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods , Microsporum/isolation & purification , Staining and Labeling , Tinea Capitis/microbiology , Trichophyton/isolation & purificationSubject(s)
Cattle Diseases/urine , Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Mucopolysaccharidoses/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Chondroitin/urine , Chromatography, Gas , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Dermatan Sulfate/urine , Dwarfism/urine , Dwarfism/veterinary , Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate , Hexosamines/urine , Mucopolysaccharidoses/urine , Uronic Acids/urineSubject(s)
Intellectual Disability/etiology , Mucopolysaccharidoses/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Eye Diseases/etiology , Female , Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Hematologic Diseases/etiology , Humans , Mucopolysaccharidoses/diagnosis , Mucopolysaccharidoses/therapy , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Skin Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Cultured baby Syrian hamster kidney cells (BHK 21), synchronized with hydroxyurea (HU), were treated with varying amounts of the carcinogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) during the first mitosis. DES-induced morphologic transformation was assessed by fluorescence microscopy of acridine orange, supravitally stained cells. Traditional karyotyping techniques were used to monitor DES-induced aneuploidy in parallel cell cultures. A total of 618 photomicrographs were obtained by systematic manual scanning of three replicate experiments each using three different DES treatment levels and a no DES control. These photomicrographs were randomized and graded blind by three independent observers. Each photomicrograph was graded for cellular morphologic transformation and a judgement as to whether DES treatment had been used. A definite dose-response relationship for both morphologic transformation, as well as for aneuploidy was observed. These findings portend a significance for use of fluorescence microscopy of morphologic transformation of unfixed supravitally stained mammalian cells, for the rapid assessment (24 h or less) of compounds that promote aneuploidization and carcinogenesis.