Fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipids in various muscles of Holstein-Friesian bulls slaughtered at different ages.

Holstein-Friesian bulls were slaughtered at 7, 14 and 19 months of age. Samples were collected from the psoas major, longissimus and semitendinosus muscles. The total lipids (TL) of the samples were extracted and the fatty acid compositions were analysed by gas chromatography. Both the slaughtering age and the type of muscles had significant effects on the intramuscular TL contents and fatty acid compositions. The longissimus muscle had higher intramuscular TL both at 14 and 19 months than at 7 months of age. As the bulls became older the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased in the TL of each muscle tested, whereas that of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased. Among the muscle types, the semitendinosus had the lowest, intramuscular TL at each slaughtering age and the psoas major the highest. Except for SFA at 7 months of age, the semitendinosus showed lower levels of SFA and MUFA and higher proportions of PUFA than the other two muscles.

[Study of some official pharmaceutical preparations in the Sixth Edition of Formule Normales by thin-layer chromatography]. / A VI. kiadású Szabványos Vénymintákban hivatalos néhány gyógyszerkészítmény bomlásának vizsgálata vékonyréteg-kromatográfiás módszerrel.

Pharmaceutical preparations--containing aminophenazonum, noraminophenazonum sodium mesylicum, acidum acetylsalicylicum and aethylmorphinium chloratum--official in the VI. Edition of Formulae Normales have been investigated. Simple method for studying decomposition products--which can be carried out in pharmacies and can be followed the quality of products with during their usability--has been developed. The method proving and precluding the presence of decomposition products, respectively by means of preparing dilution sets has been capable of semiquantitative determination of decomposition products. DC Alufolien Kieselgel 60 F254 (Merck) layer was used. Temperature of laboratory was 22-26 degrees C and its relative humidity was 30-40%. Developing solvents were: acetone-ether-water (90:15:12) for aminophenazum; benzene-acetone-90% alcohol-wated (35: 33: 26: 11) for noraminophenazonum sodium mesylicum; methenol-glacial acetic acid-ether-benzene (1: 18: 60: 120) for acidum acetylsalicylicum; dichloromethane-methanol-concentrated ammonia (85: 15: 2) for aethylmorphinium chloratum. Detections were carried out under UV light and by using colour reagents (alcoholic ninhydrine solution for aminophenazonum, dimethylamino-benzaldehyde solution for noraminophenazonum sodium mesylicum). Rf-values of intact and decomposed compounds have been given in figures. Interfering effects of other components of preparations were studied too. These components had different Rf-values or did not react with the colour producing reagents in the applied systems.

Skeletal age estimation in Hungarian population of known age and sex.

Several methods of estimating age on the basis of human skeletal remains are used all over the world, methods that were established using known age and sex databases or during medicolegal autopsies. Over the course of the past several decades, many tests have been carried out on various populations to confirm the applicability of these methods in age assessment. While the opinions of experts vary regarding the cranial suture closure techniques, morphology of the sternal end of the fourth rib has been proven to be more accurate as an age assessor. The purpose of this paper is to test the reliability of three age estimation methods on a Central European population. Observation of ecto- and endocranial suture closure after Meindl and Lovejoy and Acsádi and Nemeskéri (239 individuals in the case of Meindl and Lovejoy and 238 in the case of Acsádi and Nemeskéri) and morphology of the sternal ends of the third, fourth and fifth ribs in accordance with Iscan (116 individuals) was done on a Hungarian sample of known sex and age at death at autopsy procedures. According to the observations, (1) the state of ectocranial suture closure was so erratic that it was not useful in age assessment, (2) obliteration phases of the endocranial sutures yield only a rough estimation, and (3) age determination from sternal ends of the ribs was the most reliable, especially with the application of slightly expanded age intervals on the Hungarian population.

Medical honoraria in the 17th century.

Paolo Zacchias (1584-1659), the physician of the Pope, in his main work, "Quaestiones medico-legales" (Rome, 1621-1625) provides answers to hundreds of important practical and theoretical questions. On the following pages the author tries to summarize Zacchias's opinion concerning the problem of honorarium and fee, hoping that this short extract will prove to be useful for the modern physician as well.