First Study of the

New astronomical observations point to a nucleosynthesis picture that goes beyond what was accepted until recently. The intermediate "i" process was proposed as a plausible scenario to explain some of the unusual abundance patterns observed in metal-poor stars. The most important nuclear physics properties entering i-process calculations are the neutron-capture cross sections and they are almost exclusively not known experimentally. Here we provide the first experimental constraints on the ^{139}Ba(n,γ)^{140}Ba reaction rate, which is the dominant source of uncertainty for the production of lanthanum, a key indicator of i-process conditions. This is an important step towards identifying the exact astrophysical site of stars carrying the i-process signature.

Production of Stem Cell Antigen 1 Sca-1/Ly-6A/E by Freshly Isolated NK Cells Cultured with Relevant Cytokines.

Activated NK cells in appropriate conditions are known to express stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1/Ly-6A/E). To investigate its production, NK cells isolated from mouse spleens were incubated ex vivo in the presence of different combinations of cytokines (IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IFNγ). Expression of Sca-1 was found to be considerably higher in NK cells incubated in the presence of IL-18, IL-15, and IL-12 than in those treated with IL-15 and IL-18 only. To test the hypothesis that the effect of IL-12 was due to stimulation of IFNγ production, we replaced IL-12 with IFNγ in some samples and added specific anti-IFNγ antibody to some samples cultured with IL-15/IL-18+IL-12. In the subpopulations incubated in the presence of IL-15/IL-18 with added IFNγ instead of IL-12, the expression of Sca-1 was not increased. By contrast, in samples treated with IL-15/IL-18+IL-12 and anti-IFNγ antibody, the expression of Sca-1 was activated to a similar extent as in those stimulated by IL-15/IL-18+IL-12 combination without the antibody. The obtained data suggest that IL-12 activates the production of Sca-1 by NK cells through an IFNγ-independent mechanism.

[The development of portal hypertension and liver failure on the background of long-term intake of vitamin A in a young woman. Case report].

The use of over-the-Counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals is a common phenomenon in today's society. We present a case of liver injury associated with long-term OTC use of vitamin A. The young patient took daily up to 15 capsules of a combined preparation for 2 years containing retinol palmitate 55 mg (100,000 IU) + Alpha-Tocopherol acetate 100 mg, the content of vitamin A in which significantly exceeded the recommended daily dose. Gradually, the patient noted the appearance of arthralgia, skin itching, hyperemia of the palms and feet, exfoliation of the skin on the soles, profuse hair loss, cracks in the corners of the mouth and in the area of the earlobes. Patient's condition worsened with the development of signs of liver cirrhosis in the form of portal hypertension (ascites, splenomegaly) and a decrease in the protein-synthetic function of the organ. Chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, alcoholic liver disease were exclude. Liver biopsy showed characteristic signs of hypervitaminosis A without fibrosis. A complete regression of symptoms was observe within 8 months after discontinuation of the drug. A toxicity can lead to serious liver injury and should be considere in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease. Vitamin A should only be prescribe for medical reasons, for a limited period of time, and under close medical supervision.

Comprehensive Test of the Brink-Axel Hypothesis in the Energy Region of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance.

The validity of the Brink-Axel hypothesis, which is especially important for numerous astrophysical calculations, is addressed for ^{116,120,124}Sn below the neutron separation energy by means of three independent experimental methods. The γ-ray strength functions (GSFs) extracted from primary γ-decay spectra following charged-particle reactions with the Oslo method and with the shape method demonstrate excellent agreement with those deduced from forward-angle inelastic proton scattering at relativistic beam energies. In addition, the GSFs are shown to be independent of excitation energies and spins of the initial and final states. The results provide a critical test of the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis in heavy nuclei, demonstrating its applicability in the energy region of the pygmy dipole resonance.

Prostaglandin F2α Causes Fast Degenerative Changes in Ovulated Mouse Oocytes.

The effects of prostaglandin F2α on the cytoskeleton and membrane organelles of oocytes was investigated by culturing ovulated mouse oocytes in its presence (50 or 100 ng/ml) for 3 h. Tubulin, fibrillar actin, membranes and chromatin were visualized by specific antibodies, phalloidin, lipophilic dye DiOC6 and Hoechst 33342, respectively. Control oocytes were characterized by a meiotic spindle with chromosomes aligned at its equator, and a cortical layer of microfilaments with an actin cap. Intracellular membranes were localized mostly in the central region in metaphase I and in a broader volume, but still excluding the cell periphery, in metaphase II, and were slightly concentrated around the chromosomes. In oocytes treated with 50 ng/ml prostaglandin, cortical actin staining was diminished, the membrane distribution was clustered, and chromosomes showed signs of misalignment despite the apparently preserved spindle. In cells treated with 100 ng/ml prostaglandin, both the spindle and the actin cortex had degenerated or disappeared as microscopic objects. Metaphase plates were on average broader and more disorganized than in the 50 ng/ml group, and the distribution of membrane organelles had become uniform. These effects, to our knowledge observed for the first time, did not require presence of the cumulus during the incubation. They could be regarded as acceleration of the oocyte postovulatory aging, in which cytoskeletal deterioration seemed to have a leading role.

[PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF PATIENTS WITH DISORDERS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM].

The purpose of the study was to identify the psychological peculiarities of patients with disorders of the musculoskeletal system in order to identify in the future the targets of medical and psychological intervention, correction and complex treatment of this contingent. The study methods: Inventory form SF-36 - short form of the nonspecific Inventory for determination of a life quality (The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, CISS), S. Norman, D. F. Endler, D. A. James, M. I. Parker, adopted by T. L. Kryukova, A. Buss and A. Durkee Hostility Inventory, BDHI, adopted by A. L. Osnitsky), Test of self-assessment of stress resistance of S. Kouhen and G. Willianson The study showed a significant difference (p<0,05) in the quality of life of the examined main group and comparison group. In the course of the study it was confirmed that the significant reasons for the decrease in the quality of life of the patient are age-related, individual-psychological differences and social ones. Correlation analysis revealed the relationship of aggression with indicators of the quality of life of the subjects, a direct relationship between indicators of "physical health" and "physical functioning" and between indicators of "pain" and "physical functioning", an inverse relationship between indicators of stress resistance and "physical health". Identification of the targets of medical and psychological correction will make it possible to develop a program of prevention, rehabilitation of people of mature age with with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, taking into account the factors of influence and the involvement of relevant specialists while maintaining an individual approach.

Endoscopic approaches in head and neck endocrine surgery introduction of TOETVA (TransOral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy by Vestibular Approach) into clinical use at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital in Brno.

Transoral endoscopic surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is a modification of neck surgery using natural orifices. The classic approach in neck surgery is the gold standard, which we modified in 2007 by introducing Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy/Parathyroid-ectomy (MIVAT/P). We have been using TransOral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy/Parathyroidectomy by Vestibular Approach (TOETVA/TOEPVA) since the end of the last year and have operated on four patients. This method is more attractive for patients because it does not leave a visible scar on the neck, which is common in MIVAT/P. TOETVA is a promising procedure with many advantages, such as healing without visible scars, less pain, minimally invasive dissection and a clear operating field to both thyroid lobes and parathyroid glands. Presentation of the first case. Patients indicated for TOETVA must meet certain criteria - nodule(s) up to 3.5 cm, gland volume up to 30 ml, benign FNAB, papillary, follicular carcinoma not advanced, well differentiated, up to the nodule size of 10 mm with 1 lymph node up to 10 mm. The contraindications include a large goiter, previous neck surgery, history of thyroiditis, lymphadenopathy of the neck, advanced thyroid cancer. Relative contraindications include previous radiotherapy to the throat, Grave´s disease, and obese patients with a short neck. Intraoperative findings may result in a modification of the procedure. TOETVA is an excellent choice for selected patients who want to avoid a neck incision. This method provides the benefit of using standard endoscopic instruments and techniques. It is a safe and effective procedure that provides a good cosmetic result and considerable comfort in terms of clarity of the operating field by zooming in with an endoscopic camera. Longer operating times become shorter due to the learning curve effect.

[Changes of the auditory function in he children with chronic kidney failure]. / Izmeneniia slukhovoi funktsii u detei s khronicheskoi bolezn'iu pochek.

The risk factors that contribute to the development of hearing loss in the children with chronic kidney failure (CRF) are complications and/or manifestations of the disease itself as well as the side effects of its treatment. There are many similarities between the anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological features of the nephron and the striavascularis of the cochlea. The objective of the present study was the evaluation of the status of the auditory function in the children presenting with CRF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 62 children with CRF were examined. 40 patients were on peritoneal dialysis and 9 on hemodialysis whereas 13 children did not receive hemodialysis. Kidney was transplanted in 7 patients. The registration of transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) was performed in all the children. For patients without TEOAE complex underwent the audiological examination. RESULTS: The TEOAE was not registered in 17 of the 62 examined children. According to the results of the comprehensive audiological examinations, 13 children suffered from the hearing loss of different forms and severity while 5 children presented with bilateral deafness. As the duration of CRF progressed, the patients became more prone to develop hearing impairment. Hearing loss is possibly genetically determined. Among the etiological factors underlying the development of the hearing loss the high doses of immunosuppressants and aminoglycosides are considered to be the principal ones.

TMJ energy densities in healthy men and women.

OBJECTIVE: Cartilage fatigue, due to mechanical work, may account for the early development of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and why women are three times more likely to be afflicted. This study tested for gender differences in mechanical energy densities in women and men with healthy TMJs. DESIGN: Eighteen women and eighteen men gave informed consent. Research diagnostic criteria including imaging were used to ensure that subjects' TMJs were normal, without disc displacement or signs of DJD. Numerical modeling determined TMJ loads (Fnormal). Jaw tracking and three-dimensional dynamic stereometry characterized individual-specific data of stress-field dynamic mechanics during 10 symmetrical jaw closing cycles. These data were used to estimate tractional forces (Ftraction). Energy densities were then calculated, where: Energy Density = W/Q (W = work done or mechanical energy input = Ftraction*distance of stress-field translation, Q = volume of cartilage). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and follow-up two-group comparisons tested mean energy densities for ipsilateral and contralateral TMJs in women vs men. RESULTS: Mean energy densities ± standard deviations in ipsilateral and contralateral TMJs in women were 9.0 ± 9.7 and 8.4 ± 5.5 mJ/mm3, respectively, and were significantly larger (P = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively) compared to ipsilateral and contralateral TMJs in men, which were 5.6 ± 4.2 and 6.3 ± 4.2 mJ/mm3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Energy densities were significantly larger in healthy TMJs of women than men. Larger TMJ energy densities during normal jaw functions could predispose earlier mechanical fatigue of the TMJ disc.

Dynamics of Lamins B and A/C and Nucleoporin Nup160 during Meiotic Maturation in Mouse Oocytes.

This study was aimed at elucidating the fate of three important nuclear envelope components - lamins B and A/C and nucleoporin Nup160, during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. These proteins were localized by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy using specific antibodies in oocytes at different stages from prophase I (germinal vesicle) to metaphase II. In immature germinal vesicle oocytes, all three proteins were detected at the nuclear periphery. In metaphase I and metaphase II, lamin B co-localized with the meiotic spindle, lamin A/C was found in a diffuse halo surrounding the spindle and to a lesser degree throughout the cytoplasm, and Nup160 was concentrated to the spindle poles. To our knowledge, this is the first report on nucleoporin localization in mammalian oocytes and the first successful detection of lamins in mature oocytes. While the distribution patterns of both lamins closely paralleled the respective stages of mitosis, Nup160 localization in metaphase oocytes corresponded to that in mitotic prometaphase rather than metaphase. The peculiar distribution of this nucleoporin in oocytes may reflect its role in meiosis-specific mechanisms of spindle assembly and its regulation.

Evolution of human cytomegalovirus-seronegative donor/-seropositive recipient high-risk combination frequency in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations at Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion during 1995-2014.

BACKGROUND: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latent infection that can result in severe life-threatening disease in immunosuppressed patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). An HCMV-seropositive transplant recipient who receives a graft from a seronegative donor (R+/D-) is at high risk of recurrent HCMV reactivation. METHODS: To assess the incidence of R+/D- combination, we retrospectively evaluated HCMV-seronegative donors for 746 allogeneic HSCT treatments carried out at our center during 1995-2014. In our cohort, 20% HCMV-seronegative HSCT recipients, 21% HCMV-seronegative related graft donors, and 52% HCMV-seronegative unrelated graft donors were included. RESULTS: Analyses of the HCMV serostatus of hematopoietic stem cell donors during 2 consecutive calendar periods (1995-2005 and 2006-2014) showed a significant increase in the proportion of seronegative donors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.947). In addition, the number of HSCT treatments using an unrelated donor increased (OR = 2.376). Finally, the use of grafts from countries with a very low HCMV prevalence increased. CONCLUSION: This increase in HCMV seronegativity in unrelated donors and the increased proportion of unrelated donors were responsible for the increased occurrence of the high-risk combination R+/D- (OR = 1.680). If the reduction in the rate of HCMV-seropositive graft donors continues, an increased frequency of HCMV reactivation events in our transplant recipients can be expected, because of the increasing occurrence of the high-risk R+/D- combination.

Reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell response in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients: the contribution of six frequently recognized, virus-encoded ORFs.

BACKGROUND: The reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in immunosuppressed patients is associated with significant morbidity. Testing HCMV-specific T-cell responses can help determine which patients are at high risk of HCMV disease. We optimized selection of HCMV antigens for detection of T-cell response of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with the aim of identifying patients with insufficient control of HCMV reactivation. METHODS: T-cell immune response to HCMV was monitored in 30 patients during the first year after HSCT. The HSCT recipients were classified according to their anti-HCMV T-cell response and the presence of HCMV DNA in the blood. RESULTS: We observed an inverse relationship between the magnitude of HCMV-specific T-cell responses against CMV lysate, phosphoprotein (pp) 65, immediate early-1 (IE-1), UL36, and UL55, but not to US3 and US29 detected by interferon-gamma (IFNγ)- ELISPOT and the level of HCMV DNA in the blood of patients during the 30 days following sampling. The study has revealed that patients who received a graft from a seronegative donor have a lower T-cell response against HCMV and increased probability of HCMV reactivation in comparison to the patients who had received their graft from a seropositive donor. CONCLUSION: The individual peptide pools and native HCMV antigens were useful for monitoring the time course of the anti-HCMV response by IFNγ-ELISPOT, which proved to have a prognostic value. Besides widely employed peptide pools of pp65 and IE-1, the use of antigens UL36 and UL55, but not US3 or US29, increased sensitivity of the test.

[On the necessity of standardization of objective methods for the study of hearing function in children presenting with acute inflammatory diseases of the middle ear at the level of outpatient treatment].

The objective of the present study was to standardize the frequency of objective evaluation of the hearing function in the children presenting with acute inflammatory diseases of the middle ear at the level of the outpatient treatment. The studies carried out to this effect with the use of modern and readily available audiological method revealed functional disorders in the middle ear of more than 50% of the children suffering from acute non-perforative otitis even after the elimination of the clinical signs of inflammation. The complete restoration of the functional state of the middle ear was documented in all the patients following the rehabilitative treatment. The authors proposed the algorithm for the examination of the children presenting with acute inflammatory diseases of the middle ear with special reference to the optimal frequency of diagnostic studies.

Quantitative monitoring of WT1 expression in peripheral blood before and after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia - a useful tool for early detection of minimal residual disease.

Overexpressed Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) has been found in a majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was to confirm the applicability of WT1 expression measurement as a marker of minimal residual disease (MRD). The expression of WT1 gene was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood (PB) according to European Leukemia Net (ELN) recommendations. The WT1 expression was related to the expression of a reference gene Abelson (ABL) and the results were calculated as a number of WT1 copies related to 104 copies of ABL gene. The upper normal limit of WT1 expression was set at 50 copies of WT1 to 104 copies of ABL. Morphological, flow cytometry and chimerism examinations were evaluated according to standard protocols.A total of 51 AML patients with overexpressed WT1 gene were analyzed. The median follow-up after transplantation was 14 (2-72) months. WT1 expression levels exceeding the upper normal limit were considered as a sign of impending hematological relapse, in accord with morphological, flow cytometry and chimerism data, as well as with the expression of the specific fusion genes. Moreover, in 7 patients the rise of WT1 expression preceded all other standard methods. Patients with high WT1 expression before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) had significantly worse outcome than patients with low WT1 level. Examination of WT1 expression in PB of patients with AML is a useful tool for MRD monitoring. Moreover, the WT1 gene expression before stem cell transplantation seems to be of prognostic significance.

[Study of protective activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex in homologous system].

AIM: Study protective activity of S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex obtained from T3No.3 strain against infection by homologous pneumococcus strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. pneumoniae T3No.3 (serotype 3) strain obtained from collection of pneumococcus strains of Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera was used in the study. S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex was isolated by precipitation by 2 volumes of acetone of supernatant fraction of cultural medium used for pneumococcus cultivation. Molecular mass of proteins contained in S. pneumoniae antigen complex was determined by SDS electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Protective activity of S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex was studied in BALB/c line mice active protection experiments. Activity of mice immune sera obtained against whole-cell pneumococcus culture (T3No.3 strain) was determined in vitro by solid phase indirect EIA. RESULTS: The data obtained give evidence that the isolated protein-containing antigen complex from S. pneumoniae T3No.3 strain effectively protects mice from consequent infection by a homologous S. pneumoniae strain. S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex sorbed on solid phase at 5 microg dose was established by using EIA to interact with homologous mice immune sera. CONCLUSION: The results of the carried out studies allow to move to studies of cross-activity of S. pneumoniae protein-containing antigen complex isolated from T3No.3 strain.

[Effect of strain-producer and cultivation medium on cross antigenic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae water soluble antigens].

AIM: Production of water soluble protein-containing antigens from various strains of S. pneumoniae during cultivation in complete and semi-synthetic culture media as well as selection of strains with cross antigenic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: S. pneumoniae 3, 6A, 6B, 14, 10A, 18A, 19A, 19F, 23F serotype strains were cultivated in brain-heart broth and semi-synthetic medium with addition of aminopeptide for 24 hours at 37 degrees C for the production of water soluble antigens. The antigens were obtained by a method of triple water extraction from acetone dried microbial cells. Chemical composition of preparations, electrophoresis mobility of protein-containing components of preparations and cross antigenic activity in gel immune diffusion reaction by using rabbit hyperimmune sera were studied. RESULTS: In studies of 10 pneumococcus strains from various serotypes a method of microbial cell inactivation by acetone was selected that allows to produce preparations with high protein content (25.5 - 53.1%). Electrophoretic separation of the preparations revealed difference in the preparations obtained from various pneumococcus strains in the layout of major protein lines in the 8 - 95 kDa range. The most virulent and immunogenic S. pneumoniae strain that during cultivation in semi-synthetic medium was characterized by intraspecies cross antigenic activity and in gel immune diffusion reacted with all the studied sera against 3, 14, 18C, 23F serotype strains was selected. CONCLUSION: The study resulted in the selection of a technologically simple method of production of pneumococcus antigens with high protein content and showed that only 1 of the studied preparations produced from a virulent strain with poorly expressed S. pneumoniae capsule during cultivation in semi-synthetic medium has the highest cross antigenic activity.

[Strain differences of intra-species immunogenic activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen components].

AIM: Study intra-species immunogenic activity of antigenic protein-polysaccharide components of S. pneumoniae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antigenic components of serotype 3, 6A, 6B, 14, 10A, 18A, 19A, 19F, 23F and unencapsulated S. pneumoniae strains were obtained by water extraction method. Synthetic hexasaccharide--corresponding to the structure of S. pneumoniae serotype 14 capsule polysaccharide repeated unit chain fragment was used as a reference preparation. Molecular mass of antigenic components was determined in SDS-electrophoresis. Antibody titers in blood sera of immunized mice were evaluated by solid-phase EIA method. Protective activity of preparations was studied in mice after 2 immunizations with consequent infection by virulent S. pneumoniae serotype 3 and 6B strains. RESULTS: Preparations from serotype 6A, 6B, 14, 19A, 19F, 23F strains in reaction with anti-microbial sera were characterized by cross serologic activity (IgG titers of 1200 - 12 800). The lowest serologic activity was detected in S. pneumoniae serotype 3 and unencapsulated strain preparations. Conjugate of synthetic hexasaccharide and bovine serum albumin interacted only with homologous antimicrobial sera up to titers of 600 +/- 89.4 and did not react with sera against serotypes 19A and 19E Cross serologic activity of preparations is probably determined by the presence of protein fractions that were detected in SDS-electrophoresis. This is confirmed by high intra-species cross protective activity of preparations from serotype 6B and 10 A strains that protect 90 - 100% of mice from infection by heterologous S. pneumoniae strains. CONCLUSION: Use of strains with cross antigenic and protective activity for production of immunogenic protein-containing fractions with the aim of enchanting and broadening specter of protective activity of vaccine preparations that are constructed based on capsule polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae is appropriate.

[Investigation of cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filaments in polycystic ovaries (PCOS) -- presence and specific structure of Balbiani body in primordial follicles].

Despite of the importance of cytoskeletal proteins for ovarian function and pathology, very few studies have addressed the presence and distribution of these proteins in polycystic ovaries. We investigated sections of human polycystic ovarian tissue for vimentin and a set of cytokeratins by epifluorescence. The studied proteins showed strong colocalization. Positive reaction was detected in two main ovarian compartments: with weak intensity in follicular cells and very strong in perinuclear position in oocytes of primordial follicles. Epifluorescent study of the oocytes from primordial follicles allowed us to identify the immunopositive structure in oocytes as Balbiani body, a transient organelle responsible for establishing oocyte polarity and ooplasm gradients in nonmammalian vertebrates. Our results suggest functional interaction of different types of cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins in polycystic ovaries and a possible importance of the Balbiani body for human oogenesis in norm and pathology.

[The state of homeostasis system in patients with aplastic anemia in the period of full-fledged clinical manifestation of disease].

In most cases the immediate cause of lethal outcomes of aplastic anemia is increased hemorrhage. The multifactorial causality of development of hemorrhagic syndrome is to be taken into account to receive informative and accessible characteristics in assessing the state of homeostasis system in patients with aplastic anemia during acute period of disease. The comprehensive analysis of homeostasis system indicators during acute course of aplastic anemia established such characteristic alterations as the presence of signs of activation of homeostasis system, decrease of factor XIII level, inhibition of fibrinolysis system, qualitative deficiency of platelets in peripheral blood. Hence their significance in pathogenesis of hemorrhage in patients with aplastic anemia is approved.

Proactive psychological and psychiatric support of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases in a randomised trial: a Ukrainian experience.

Background: Presently, approaches for the early treatment of pathological anxiety in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases are lacking, thus delaying the initiation of symptom management at the early onset of the illness. Proactive psychological and psychiatric support, to alleviate subclinical symptoms of anxiety and to improve the quality of life in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases, is a promising candidate for the role of such therapy. Aims: To investigate and determine the effectiveness of proactive psychological and psychiatric support for alleviating subclinical symptoms of anxiety and improving quality of life, in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. Methods: The study design was a monocentric randomised controlled trial with parallel groups. The study, involving 193 inpatients with chronic non-communicable diseases, complied with the ethical and deontological norms in accordance with the principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. Instruments used in the study included the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) to assess subclinical symptoms, the Scale of Somatic Symptoms and the Chaban Quality of Life Scale. Block randomisation was used to randomise patients to a 2-month-long study group with a proactive counselling psychiatry model care or a control group with standard regulated treatment for chronic non-communicable diseases. The allocation ratio was 1.15:1 owing to the expectancy of a higher percentage of dropout in the intervention group. Results: After 60 days of treatment (T2), there was a statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters between the study and control groups. The median HAM-A value differed between the groups by 4.87 points, with statistically significant lower results in the study group. The comparison of the study group's scale values on day 1 and day 60 demonstrated statistically significant changes in all three indicators. Conclusions: Our results support existing evidence for the effectiveness of proactive psychological and psychiatric support to reduce subclinical anxiety and somatisation symptoms and to improve the quality of life for patients with common chronic non-communicable diseases. However, continued research on the effectiveness of proactive psychological and psychiatric support for patients with chronic non-communicable diseases is needed.