ABSTRACT
Coronaviridae is a family of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses that can cause diseases with high mortality rates. SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV appeared in 2002-2003 and 2012, respectively. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019 in Wuhan (China) and has caused more than 5 million deaths in worldwide. The entry of SARS-CoV-1 into the cell is due to the interaction of the viral spike (S) protein and the cell protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). After infection, virus assembly occurs in Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles during exocytosis. One of the possible participants in this process is LAMP1 protein. We established transgenic Vero cell lines with increased expression of human LAMP1 gene and evaluated SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 production. An increase in the production of both viruses in LAMP1-expressing cells when compared with Vero cells was observed, especially in the presence of trypsin during infection. From these results it can be assumed that LAMP1 promotes SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 production due to enhanced exocytosis.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Animals , Animals, Genetically Modified , COVID-19/genetics , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humans , Lysosomal Membrane Proteins , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Coronaviridae is a family of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses that can cause diseases with high mortality rates. SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV appeared in 2002â2003 and 2012, respectively. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019 in Wuhan (China) and has caused more than 5 million deaths in worldwide. The entry of SARS-CoV-1 into the cell is due to the interaction of the viral spike (S) protein and the cell protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). After infection, virus assembly occurs in Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles during exocytosis. One of the possible participants in this process is LAMP1 protein. We established transgenic Vero cell lines with increased expression of human LAMP1 gene and evaluated SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 production. An increase in the production of both viruses in LAMP1-expressing cells when compared with Vero cells was observed, especially in the presence of trypsin during infection. From these results it can be assumed that LAMP1 promotes SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 production due to enhanced exocytosis.
ABSTRACT
Furfuryl amine salt of 4-chloro-N-(2-furylmethyl)-5-sulfamoyl anthranilic acid was shown to exert more pronounced diuretic and saluretic action in rats, mice and dogs than that of furosemide. The previous administration of furfuryl amine salt of furosemide promoted normalization of the excretory processes of the kidney and increased survival rate of rats in ischemia of the single kidney. The antiedema activity of the drug was found to be much more pronounced than that of furosemide.
Subject(s)
Diuretics/pharmacology , Sulfanilamides/pharmacology , ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control , Animals , Diuresis/drug effects , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Edema/drug therapy , Female , Furosemide/pharmacology , Ischemia/complications , Ischemia/drug therapy , Kidney/blood supply , Male , Mice , Natriuresis/drug effects , Rats , Sulfanilamides/therapeutic use , ortho-Aminobenzoates/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Experiments on mice, rats and dogs showed that furosemide manufactured in the USSR is not inferior by its specific activity to furosemide manufactured abroad. Furosemide manufactured in the USSR and furosemide-substance made in Finland were compared at three doses--1, 5 and 25 mg/kg. The bioavailability of furosemide tablets manufactured in the USSR and that of "Polfa" production tablets studied on rats (5 and 25 mg/kg) and dogs (40 mg) appeared to be identical.