ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To establish the contribution of eight founder alleles in three DNA damage repair genes (BRCA1, CHEK2 and NBS1) to prostate cancer in Poland, and to measure the impact of these variants on survival among patients. METHODS: Three thousand seven hundred fifty men with prostate cancer and 3956 cancer-free controls were genotyped for three founder alleles in BRCA1 (5382insC, 4153delA, C61G), four alleles in CHEK2 (1100delC, IVS2+1G>A, del5395, I157T), and one allele in NBS1 (657del5). RESULTS: The NBS1 mutation was detected in 53 of 3750 unselected cases compared with 23 of 3956 (0.6%) controls (odds ratio (OR)=2.5; P=0.0003). A CHEK2 mutation was seen in 383 (10.2%) unselected cases and in 228 (5.8%) controls (OR=1.9; P<0.0001). Mutation of BRCA1 (three mutations combined) was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer (OR=0.9; P=0.8). In a subgroup analysis, the 4153delA mutation was associated with early-onset (age ≤ 60 years) prostate cancer (OR=20.3, P=0.004). The mean follow-up was 54 months. Mortality was significantly worse for carriers of a NBS1 mutation than for non-carriers (HR=1.85; P=0.008). The 5-year survival for men with an NBS1 mutation was 49%, compared with 72% for mutation-negative cases. CONCLUSION: A mutation in NBS1 predisposes to aggressive prostate cancer. These data are relevant to the prospect of adapting personalised medicine to prostate cancer prevention and treatment.
Subject(s)
Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , BRCA1 Protein/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Checkpoint Kinase 2 , Genes, BRCA1 , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Prognosis , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The first kidney transplantation was performed in Poland in 1966. Since that time approximately 11,000 patients have undergone the procedure, but most of them have received the kidney from deceased donors; only 342 procedures utilized living donors (LD; 2.7%). The aim of this study was to review the results of a LD follow-up in Poland. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 11 centers that had performed 197 LD kidney transplantations during the last 10 years. The donors, who were all genetically or emotionally related, were 23 to 61 years old. No donor showed an abnormality regarding cardiovascular function or metabolic abnormalities. RESULTS: The 6 centers that responded reported data on 118 donors. In 2 centers no donor follow-up was available. Eleven of 118 donors did not attend the control visits. Follow-up of the remaining donors ranged from 2 to 8 years. Four donors died at 4 to 5 years after nephrectomy due to cerebral hemorrhage, brain tumor, stomach cancer, or car accident. The overall mean serum creatinine had increased from 0.8 to 1.25 mg/dL, but 2 patients displayed a value >2 mg/dL. The calculated creatinine clearance (MDRD formula) had decreased from 95 to 65 mL/min (P < .05). In 3 donors proteinuria (>0.6 g/24 h) was observed at 3 to 5 years after donation. Of 3 patients who experienced mild hypertension, 2 required treatment. The remaining donors showed normal blood pressures. CONCLUSIONS: Since 2007, when the Living Donor Registry was introduced by law, transplant centers have been obliged to report data on each LD procedure together with follow-up data. All donors are life-insured (by Alianz SA) for 3 months from the time of transplantation. Stepwise interventional reno- and cardioprotection programs have been introduced after nephrectomy for LD, especially those with metabolic abnormalities at the time of donation.
Subject(s)
Living Donors , Nephrectomy/methods , Blood Pressure , Creatinine/blood , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Nephrectomy/adverse effects , Nephrectomy/standards , Obesity/etiology , Poland , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/adverse effects , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/standardsABSTRACT
Presurgical cystograms of prostatectomized patients were compared as regards their diagnostic and prognostic usefulness. Because of the lack of fully objective prostatic adenoma symptoms, the authors concluded the distance between the urinary bladder and symphysis pubis to be an important radiological symptom in prostatic adenoma, being the measure of inflammation of the prostate and tissues of this region.
Subject(s)
Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Prostatectomy , Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging , RadiographyABSTRACT
The study was designed to evaluate the effect of acetilation phenotype and smoking on the concentration of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum of patients with neoplasm of bladder. The study covered a group of 76 patients suffering from neoplasm of bladder and a control group composed of 46 persons. Acetylation phenotype as well as TPA and CEA concentrations in serum were determined. In addition, data on smoking habit were collected. The study indicated significant difference in TPA values in both group while there was no difference in regard to CEA values. It was found that in patients with neoplasm of bladder both acetylation phenotype and smoking affect significantly TPA concentration in serum.