ABSTRACT
In view of the importance of cholesterol as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, the present study analyzes the influence of the diet on blood cholesterol levels in a group of 156 teen-ager 14 to 18. The dietetic study pointed out the existence of diet cholesterol density higher than the recommended one of 100 mg/1000 Kcal, being the eggs, meat and the milk products the most important cholesterol food sources. No statistical correlations have been found between dietetic and blood data, though the feminine population, who has the highest cholesterolemia, has also the highest and unbalanced lipid intake when compared to men. The standing of this population seems not to be preoccupying, because the hipercholesterolemia data (all in the feminine population) are very few.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol/blood , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Feeding Behavior , Adolescent , Energy Intake , Female , Humans , Male , Random Allocation , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency is known to be very common in adolescent girls and elderly women. AIM: To analyze vitamin D status, vitamin D intake and solar exposure of Spanish participants in The Five Countries Study of Optiford Project. METHODS: Questionnaires approved and validated of lifestyle and food consumption frequency applied. The biochemical analysis of 25-hidroxivitamin D and PTH and the evaluation of the solar exposure (dosymeter UV VioSpor) were carried out. RESULTS: The average solar exposure of adolescent girls (1,519 J/m²) was double than elderly women (740 J/m²). The vitamin D status of adolescent girls in summer and winter was better than elderly women. CONCLUSIONS: Solar exposure habits are different between the two age groups. This fact, jointly to the lower body's capacity to synthesize Vitamin D through exposure to the sun in the elderly, may justify the worse vitamin D status in this age group.
Subject(s)
Nutritional Status , Sunlight , Vitamin D/physiology , Adolescent , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diet , Female , Humans , Hydroxycholecalciferols/blood , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiologyABSTRACT
As an answer to the request of information on the real intake of pollutants, both WHO and FAO recommend its study through the study of total diet. Following their criteria we have determined the contents of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in the total mean spanish diet and in the seventeen Autonomous Regions, comparing them with the acceptable daily intakes (ADI). At the same time it is studied the contribution of the different groups of nutrients to the total pollutant charge. There is no detectable health risk due to the intake through the total diet of arsenic, mercury or lead. However the intake of cadmium from the total national reaches 85% of ADI, which is higher in Galicia (153%), Canary Islands (129%) and Cantabria (103%) and is very close in Murcia (97%), Asturias (92%) and the Balearic Islands (85%).
Subject(s)
Diet , Food Contamination/analysis , Metals/analysis , Humans , SpainABSTRACT
The present study originated because of the importance and current interest in fat intake and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases. The quality and quantity of fat intake is studied in the Spanish population as a whole, as well as in each of the Autonomic Communities. The quality of the ingested fat is analyzed considering the intake of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids using different index such as: polyunsaturated/saturated ratio (P/S), Keys, Anderson and Grande's index, and vegetable fat + fish fat/animal fat--fish fat ratio. The differences found according to the geographical localization of the Autonomic Community were studied, finding the influence of what is known as the "Mediterranean diet".