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1.
Invest Clin ; 52(2): 150-61, 2011 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21866787

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to detect the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 expressed by CD4+ T cells in tissues of fetal mice with acute chagasic infection. For this, we examined the fetuses of NMRI mice whose mothers were infected with 22x10(3) metacyclic trypomastigotes of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain of T. cruzi and made pregnant during the acute phase of infection. For the detection and localization of inflammatory infiltrates, nest parasites, antigens of T. cruzi a nd cytokines w eused hematoxylin-eosin techniques, peroxidase-anti-peroxidase and immunofluorescence. The immunohistochemical study revealed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and antigens with amastigote nests in fetal skeletal muscle. CD4 + T cells producing IFN-gamma, as well as deposits of IFN-gamma and IL-10, were detected in sections of placenta, heart and skeletal muscle of fetuses of mice infected, while CD4+/IL-10+ was found only in skeletal muscle; in addition, deposits of IL-4 were detected only in placentas of healthy mice. These results indicate that fetuses are capable of generating their own immune response to antigens transmitted by their mother, which induces the secretion of cytokines and that, acting in synergy with the maternal antibodies, confer them a state of protection against infection; and that the transmission of the parasite depends on factors specific to each mother, which may modify its ability to control such transmission at the placental or systemic levels.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/immunology , Fetus/immunology , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology , Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy
2.
Invest Clin ; 50(3): 335-45, 2009 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19961056

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in the placenta and fetal tissues of NMRI mice (Mus musculus) inoculated with 22 x 10(3) trypomastigotes metacyclic of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain by intraperitoneal route. Mice were pregnant in the acute phase of the infection. The course of patent parasitemia by T. cruzi was evaluated before mating and during pregnancy. At day twenty of gestation, animals were sacrificed and the fetuses and their placentas were removed to evaluate T. cruzi infection. Samples of fetal placenta, heart and skeletal muscle were fixed in 10%, formalin, included in paraffin and stained with hematoxilin and eosin (HE). The histopathological study of sections of fetal tissues revealed inflammatory infiltrates with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells and without parasitism in these tissues. The amplification of T. cruzi DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) showed a positive reaction in 18% of placental tissue of pregnant infected mice. The samples of heart and skeletal muscle of the fetuses of mothers infected with T. cruzi did not show the presence T. cruzi DNA. The placenta and skeletal muscle of the fetuses analyzed by Peroxidase anti Peroxidase inmunostaining showed T. cruzi antigens in those tissues. Negative results by PCR in fetal tissues might be related with the virulence and tropism associated with the biological and genetic characteristic Of the T. cruzi strain used in the experimental infection of female mice.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/parasitology , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Fetal Diseases/parasitology , Fetus/parasitology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Placenta/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Acute Disease , Animals , Antigens, Protozoan/analysis , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chagas Disease/transmission , Female , Fetal Diseases/immunology , Fetus/immunology , Heart/parasitology , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Mice , Muscle, Skeletal/embryology , Muscle, Skeletal/immunology , Muscle, Skeletal/parasitology , Myocardium/immunology , Pregnancy , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Virulence
3.
Invest Clin ; 48(2): 187-98, 2007 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17598642

ABSTRACT

Abstract. The present study examined hematological alterations and blood glucose levels variations in albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with acute chagasic infection during gestation. Blood samples were taken from A, B, C and D groups of rats at 0, 6, 12 and 20 days after impregnation for hematological diagnosis and glycemia tests. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in hemoglobin values (Hb) and highly significant differences (p < 0.01) in hematocrit variables (Hto): leukocyte count (LC), percentage of lymphocytes (L), neutrophils (N), number of platelets (P) and blood glucose levels. A differential count of monocytes (M) and eosinophils (E) showed no significant variations from normal levels. These changes represent important hematological and glycemia alterations, such as mild and moderate anemia, pronounced leukocytosis, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia and hypoglycemia. Finally, there is a discussion of some factors in acute chagasic infection in Wistar rats that might be augmented by parallel physiological effects produced by pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/analysis , Chagas Disease/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology , Acute Disease , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Wistar
4.
Invest Clin ; 44(1): 61-76, 2003 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12703184

ABSTRACT

In the present study, we examined the cutaneous lesions of 8 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, from regions situated near the rivers Chama-Mocoties, in Merida state, Venezuela. The lesions of the patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical, parasitological and immmunological examinations. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay showed infection by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in cutaneous lesions samples. Histopathology of skin biopsy specimens showed inflammatory infiltrates of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Granulomatous reactions and amastigotes were observed in the dermis. The histological sections of the cutaneous lesions in one patient (No. 5), showed alterations in the integrity of dermal blood vessels, leishmanial antigens on the superficial endothelium and free parasites in the capillary lumen and inside mononuclear cells. The Leishmania amastigotes also were detected in the cytoplasm of neutrophils in Giemsa-stained imprints. The skin biopsies examined using immunofluorescence (IFI) and immunoperoxidase assay (PAP), show amastigotes and antigenic material adsorbed on the vecinity of the walls of dermal microvessels. Based on these results, we concluded that in the cutaneous lesions it is possible to show the presence of intra and extracellular parasites, attached to wall of the dermal blood vessels and free, in the capillary lumen. The circulating parasites in peripheral blood may allow the possibility of developing secondary infections as well as the propagation of the infection in endemic areas of leishmaniasis, where the parasite circulates between domestic and wild reservoirs, vector insects and humans living in those areas.


Subject(s)
Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Leishmania braziliensis/growth & development , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Endothelium, Vascular/parasitology , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Leishmania braziliensis/genetics , Leishmania braziliensis/metabolism , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology , Male , Neutrophils/pathology , Protozoan Proteins/metabolism , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Venezuela
5.
Invest Clin ; 44(3): 241-54, 2003 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14552062

ABSTRACT

Research on this form of transmission was carried out on female rats intradermally injected, before mating, with 1 x 10(4) metacyclic trypomastigotes of T. cruzi strains from dog (Pr) and human (YBM). The infected rats, as well as their offspring, were given parasitological, immunological and histopathological examinations during and after gestation. Healthy gestating rats were used as controls. Rats infected with T. cruzi strains showed clear signs of infection between 18 and 45 days post-inoculation (pi). Of 44 offspring from mothers infected with Pr, 4 males (9.1%) showed high parasitemia (432 and 240 tryps./mm3 of blood) at 30 and 40 days after birth, while direct blood examination, hemoculture and xenodiagnosis showed no infection in the other 40, or in the 52 offspring of rats infected with YBM. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies were found in appreciable quantities in infected mothers and in 44 out of 92 (47.8%) of the offspring, with titers that fluctuated between 1:32 and 1:2048 respectively. Histopathological studies of rats sacrificed at the end of gestation showed acute myocarditis and myositis of varying intensity and extent, characterized by abundant inflammatory infiltrate, in some cases associated with nests of amastigotes. The placentas showed moderate cellular infiltrate without parasites in the vascular stroma and amniotic fluid. The offspring of mothers infected with Chagas' disease were reinoculated and showed an acute phase characterized by low parasitemia (p < 0.05); after 60 days, the beginnings of chronic myocarditis and myositis could be observed, of a similar intensity to that observed in offspring born to infected mothers that were subsequently infected. These results confirm that T. cruzi can be transmitted vertically in Wistar rats; that a small number of offspring contract Chagasic infection congenitally; that anti-T. cruzi antibodies can pass from the mother and that these can modify the immune response in the offspring; that the pathogenicity of the strains of T. cruzi plays an important role in congenital transmission independently of origin or geographical location.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Parasitemia/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology , Acute Disease , Amniotic Fluid/parasitology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/parasitology , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Female , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/parasitology , Parasitemia/congenital , Parasitemia/immunology , Placenta/parasitology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity
6.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 53(2): 146-156, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714898

ABSTRACT

En este estudio fue analizada la parasitemia y el parasitismo en el líquido ascítico (LA), membrana peritoneal (MP) y en otros tejidos de 40 ratones machos NMRI durante la infección aguda. Los ratones (20 ratones por grupo) fueron inoculados por vía intradérmica con tripomastigotos metacíclicos linaje T.cr I de las cepas P6 y P11 obtenidos de Rhodnius prolixus. Formas delgadas y gruesas de tripomastigotos fueron encontradas en la sangre de todos los ratones. En los ratones infectados con la cepa P6 los tripomastigotos aparecieron primero en él LA a los 13 días pi y en la sangre a los 18 días pi, en los ratones infectados con la cepa P11 los parásitos se observaron primero en la sangre a los 15 días pi y en él LA a los 22 días pi. Los ratones desarrollaron emaciación, disnea, hirsutismo, pérdida de la actividad motora de las patas posteriores y hepatoesplenomegalia. Los ratones fueron sacrificados a los 39 días pi. El estudio histológico mostró que T. cruzi prolifera formando nidos de amastigotos y tripomastigotos en la MP. Los parásitos también fueron encontrados en el músculo esquelético y en el corazón de los ratones infectados con la cepa P6. La inmunotinción con PAP reveló antígeno de T. cruzi en las secciones de esófago, estómago, intestino delgado y grueso, bazo, riñón, hígado, próstata y pene de los ratones. Estos resultados confirmaron que las cepas P6 y P11 desarrollaron anormalidades histopatológicas en el tracto gastrointestinal, renal y órgano reproductivo. La localización intra-peritoneal de los parásitos y la acumulación de fluido peritoneal, reveló ascitis y peritonitis causada por el incremento de líquido en la cavidad peritoneal y destrucción del tejido peritoneal de los ratones. El presente estudio reporta por primera vez la proliferación de tripomastigotos en la cavidad peritoneal cinco días antes de encontrarse en la sangre periférica para la cepa P6 causando daño intraperitoneal y muerte del modelo murino utilizado.


In this study we analyzed the parasitemia and parasitism in the ascitic fluid (AF), peritoneal membrane (PM) and in other tissues of 40 NMRI male mice during acute infection. Mice (20 mice per group) were inoculated by intradermal route with metacyclic trypomastigotes T.cI lineage of P6 or P11 strains obtained from Rhodnius prolixus. Slender and stout forms were observed in the blood of all mice. In infected mice with P6 strain the trypomastigotes were observed first in the AF at day 13 pi and in blood at day 18 pi. Meanwhile in infected mice with P11 strain trypomastigotes were observed first in the blood at day 15 pi and in the AF at day 22 pi. Infected mice showed emaciation, dyspnea, bristled hair, loss of motor activities in the rear limbs and hepatosplenomegaly. Mice were sacrificed at day 39 pi. Histological finding indicated that T. cruzi proliferates forming amastigotes and trypomastigotes nests in the PM. Parasites were also observed in skeletal muscle of the mice and in the heart of infected mice with P6 strain. Imunostaining with PAP revealed T. cruzi antigen in esophagus, stomach, thin and thick intestine, spleen, and kidney, liver, prostate and penis. The results show that P6 and P11 colonized and produced abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, renal and reproductive organs. Intra-peritoneal localization of parasites and accumulation of peritoneal fluid, revealed ascites and peritonitis caused by increase of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and destruction of the membrane peritoneal of the mice. This study reports for the first time the proliferation of trypomastigotes in the peritoneal cavity five days earlier than in peripheral blood for the P6 strain causing intra-peritoneal damage and death in the murine model used.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Communicable Diseases , Peritoneal Diseases , Trypanosoma cruzi , Mice , Protozoan Infections
7.
Invest. clín ; 52(2): 150-161, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664555

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente estudio fue detectar las citocinas IFN-g, IL-4 e IL-10 expresadas por células T CD4+ en tejidos de fetos de ratones con infección chagásica aguda. Para ello, se examinaron fetos de ratones NMRI cuyas madres fueron infectadas con 22×10³ tripomastigotes metacíclicos de la cepa M/HOM/BRA/53/Y de T. cruzi y preñadas durante la fase aguda de la infección. Para la detección y localización de infiltrados inflamatorios, nidos de parásitos, antígenos de T. cruzi y citocinas se emplearon las técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina, peroxidasa-anti-peroxidasa e inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Se detectaron infiltrados inflamatorios y antígenos con nidos de amastigotes en el músculo esquelético fetal. Células T CD4+ productoras de IFN-g así como depósitos de IFN-g e IL-10 fueron detectados en las secciones de placenta, corazón y músculo esquelético de fetos de ratones infectadas, mientras que células CD4+/IL-10+ se encontraron sólo en músculo esquelético, adicionalmente se detectaron depósitos de IL-4 sólo en placentas de ratones sanas. Estos resultados indican que el feto es capaz de generar una respuesta inmune propia frente a antígenos transmitidos por su madre, lo cual induce la secreción de citocinas que actuando en sinergia con los anticuerpos maternos le confieren un estado de protección contra la infección, y que la transmisión del parásito depende de factores específicos de cada madre, la cual puede modificar su capacidad de controlar tal transmisión ya sea a nivel placentario o sistémico.


The objective of this study was to detect the cytokines IFN-g, IL-4 and IL-10 expressed by CD4+ T cells in tissues of fetal mice with acute chagasic infection. For this, we examined the fetuses of NMRI mice whose mothers were infected with 22×10³ metacyclic trypomastigotes of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain of T. cruzi and made pregnant during the acute phase of infection. For the detection and localization of inflammatory infiltrates, nest parasites, antigens of T. cruzi and cytokines we used hematoxylin-eosin techniques, peroxidase-anti-peroxidase and immunofluorescence. The immunohistochemical study revealed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and antigens with amastigote nests in fetal skeletal muscle. CD4 + T cells producing IFN-g, as well as deposits of IFN-g and IL-10, were detected in sections of placenta, heart and skeletal muscle of fetuses of mice infected, while CD4+/IL-10+ was found only in skeletal muscle; in addition, deposits of IL-4 were detected only in placentas of healthy mice. These results indicate that fetuses are capable of generating their own immune response to antigens transmitted by their mother, which induces the secretion of cytokines and that, acting in synergy with the maternal antibodies, confer them a state of protection against infection; and that the transmission of the parasite depends on factors specific to each mother, which may modify its ability to control such transmission at the placental or systemic levels.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Chagas Disease/immunology , Fetus/immunology , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology
8.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 51(2): 237-240, dez. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630472

ABSTRACT

Se reporta la presencia de formas evolutivas de Trypanosoma cruzi en el plasma seminal (PS) de ratones NMRI, inoculados por vía subcutánea con 2x104 tripomastigotes metacíclicos cepa P6 obtenidos de Rhodnius prolixus. Al separar las muestras de sangre a los 15 días pos-infección, un ratón eyaculó espontáneamente y el examen directo del PS reveló la presencia de formas epimastigotes de T. cruzi en activo movimiento mezclados con los espermatozoides. Las preparaciones del PS coloreadas con Giemsa, mostraron formas epimastigotes libres y en división, tripomastigotes y amastigotes extracelulares y dentro de células fagocíticas. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron los diferentes estadios de T. cruzi en el PS de ratón, con morfogénesis similar a como ocurre en el insecto vector. El parasitismo encontrado en el PS del ratón con infección aguda, aporta importante información epidemiológica sobre la vía de transmisión sexual de T. cruzi, principalmente entre la población de reservorios silvestres que se encuentran en áreas endémicas y no endémicas para la enfermedad de Chagas.


We report the presence of evolving forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in the seminal plasma (SP) of NMRI mice subcutaneously inoculated with 2x104 metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained from P6 strain Rhodnius prolixus. When taking blood samples at 15 days post-infection, the mouse spontaneously ejaculated and the direct SP exam revealed the presence of active epimastigotes of T. cruzi mixed with spermatozoids. SP preparations stained with Giemsa showed free and dividing epimastigotes, extracellular trypomastigotes and amastigotes, as well as, within phagocytic cells. The results showed the presence of T. cruzi at the different stages of its life cycle in the mouse PS, observing similar morphogenesis in the PS to the one known in the insect vector. The parasitism found in the SP of this mouse with acute infection, provides important epidemiological information about the T. cruzi pathway of sexual transmission, mainly among the population of wild reservoirs found in endemic and non-endemic areas for Chagas`disease.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chagas Disease , Mice , Seminal Plasma Proteins , Trypanosoma cruzi , Infections , Plasma
9.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 20(4): 353-361, jul. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631080

ABSTRACT

En el presente estudio se analizó el desarrollo intrauterino de los fetos de ratas Wistar, que recibieron una inyección por vía intraperitoneal de 2x10(5) tripomastigotes sanguícolas de las cepas Planalto (IP1) y ASM (IP2) de Trypanosoma cruzi. A los 12 días post-infección fueron apareadas; a los 20 días de preñez fueron sacrificadas y los fetos fueron extraídos de los sacos uterinos para ser evaluados. Ratas sanas preñadas (SP) y vírgenes (CI1, CI2) fueron usadas como controles. Los resultados indican que la parasitemia fue significativamente (P<0,05) mayor en las ratas preñadas en comparación con las ratas vírgenes CI1 y CI2 infectadas con diferentes cepas de T. cruzi. En las ratas IP1 se observaron 19 fetos con peso y longitud promedio de 2,86 ± 2,19 g y 2,63 ± 1,17; en una de las ratas se desarrolló un solo feto en el cuerno uterino izquierdo, en otra rata se observó inflamación del cuerno izquierdo, restos fetales, placentales y 6 fetos de aspecto normal en el cuerno derecho; en dos ratas se desarrollaron 8 y 4 fetos, respectivamente, de aspecto normal. En las ratas preñadas IP2, se desarrollaron 28 fetos con peso y longitud promedio de 2,77 ± 0,77 g y 3,31 ± 1,99 cm; en una rata los 4 fetos (57,14%) del cuerno uterino derecho presentaron malformaciones morfológicas sobre el lado dorsal del cuerpo, estrechamiento alrededor de la parte posterior y gran desarrollo de la base de la pata anterior derecha y en el cuerno izquierdo se observaron 3 fetos con aspecto normal; en otra rata se encontraron 2 fetos muertos y denso líquido amniótico en el cuerno uterino derecho y 5 fetos con aspecto normal en el cuerno izquierdo, y en dos ratas se observaron 8 y 6 fetos con aspecto normal, respectivamente. En las SP se desarrollaron 21 fetos con características físicas normales, con peso y longitud promedio de 6,16 ± 0,99 g y 2,88 ± 0,65 cm de longitud. La relación peso fetal/longitud fetal (g/cm) en los grupos de ratas preñadas IP1 e IP2 fue significantemente menor en comparación con los fetos de las ratas SP (P<0,00001). La comparación del peso fetal y diámetro de las placentas entre las ratas IP1, IP2 y SP resultó significativa (P<0,001). En conclusión, la infección por diferentes cepas de T. cruzi en las ratas preñadas produce restricción patológica del crecimiento fetal, anomalías morfológicas estructurales y funcionales en los fetos y muerte fetal. Los fetos de las ratas SP no mostraron ningun anomalía.


In the present study was analyzed the intrauterine development of Wistar rats fetuses that received an injection of 2x10(5) bloodstream trypomastigotes of Planalto (IP1) and ASM (IP2) Trypanosoma cruzi strains. The rats with 12 days post-infection were mated; at day 20 the pregnat rats were sacrificed and its fetuses were extracted from the uterine horns in order to be evaluated. Healthy pregnant rats (HP) and virgin rats (CI1, CI2) were used as controls. The results showed that parasitemia was significanty (P<0.05) higher in pregnancy rats in comparison with the virgins rats CI1 and CI2 infected with different T. cruzi strains. The rats IP1, showed 19 fetuses with weight and measure average of 2.86 g ± 2.19 and 2.63 ± 1.17 cm of length. One rat showed 1 fetus in the left uterine horn, other rat showed the left uterine horn with inflammated aspect and with fetal and placental rests, and 6 fetuses of normal aspect into right uterine horn; in two rats were observed 8 and 4 fetuses of normal aspect. The pregnant rats IP2, developed 28 fetuses with weight and measure average of 2.77 ± 0.77 g and 3.31 ± 1.99 cm; in one rat, the 4 fetuses (57.14%) of right uterine horn presented morphological malformations on the dorsal side of the body, tightness around the body and development his anterior right footpad with big size and the left uterine horn of same rat was observed 3 fetuses with normal aspect; other rat showed 2 fetuses dead and dense amniotic liquid into right horn, and 5 fetuses with normal aspect in the left uterine horn, in two rats were developed 8 and 6 fetuses with normal aspect respectively. The HP development 21 fetuses with normal aspect of weight and measure average of 6.16 ± 0.99 g and 2.88 ± 0.65 cm of length. The relation weight/length fetal (g/cm) in infected pregnant rats groups IP1 and IP2 was significantly less in comparison with fetuses of HP rats (P<0.00001). The comparison of the fetal weight and placental diameters of IP1, IP2 and HP rats were significant (P<0.001). In conclusion, acute infection with different T. cruzi strains in pregnant rats, produces pathologic restriction of fetal growth, functional structural morphological anomalies in the fetuses and death of some fetuses. The fetuses of HP rats did not show any anomaly.

10.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 50(1): 29-38, jul. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630424

ABSTRACT

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre la transmisión congénita de Trypanosoma cruzi en crías de ratas albinas (Rattus norvegicus), cepa Wistar de segunda generación. El curso de la infección chagásica fue evaluado en las ratas infectadas inicialmente (RII) inyectadas con las formas metacíclicas del parásito, en las crías de la primera (C1ªG) y segunda generación (C2ªG), mediante pruebas de diagnóstico seroparasitológicas y molecular (PCR). En las RII se demostró infección aguda caracterizada por parasitemias patentes entre los 12 y 45 días post-inoculación (pi), e incremento en la respuesta inmune humoral con títulos desde 1:64 y 1:2048; en la fase crónica se evidencio ausencia de parasitemias y mantenimiento de una moderada respuesta humoral en el 100% de las madres. Las C1ªG no presentaron tripomastigotes en la sangre circulante, la prueba de IFI, reveló seropositividad apreciable en el 75% de los sueros. En las C2ªG, los exámenes directos de sangre y el hemocultivo, resultaron negativos; los xenodiagnósticos mostraron un 18,2% de positividad. Las pruebas serológicas empleadas (IFI y ELISA) detectaron un 31,8% y 34,1% anticuerpos circulantes anti-T. cruzi. La PCR aplicada a los sueros, presentó un bajo porcentaje de muestras positivas (6,8%) y en los tejidos (corazón y músculo esquelético) se observó una alta positividad de 54,5% y 45,4%, respectivamente. La presencia de formas flageladas en la sangre, la persistencia de la serología positiva por anticuerpos humorales transferidos vía materna y la permanencia de restos de ADN de T. cruzi en sueros y tejidos en un número importante de crías, confirma la infección congénita a su progenie, en segunda generación. Estos resultados son de gran importancia para una mejor comprensión de la epidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas congénita


The results of the experimental study concerning the congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in second generation strain Wistar albino rats are presented. The course of the Chagas infection was evaluated in rats initially infected with the metacyclic forms of the parasite (RII) in first (C1stG) and second (C2ndG) generation offspring using parasitological, serological and molecular (PCR) diagnostic tests. In the RII, an acute infection characterized by patent parasitemias between 12 and 45 days post-inoculation and an increase in the humoral immune response with titers of 1:64 and 1:2048 in the chronic phase demonstrated the absence of parasitemia and maintenance of a moderate humoral response in 100% of the mothers. The C1stG did not show tripomastigotes in the blood circulation and the IIF test showed considerable seropositive in 75% of the sera. In C2ndG, direct blood and hemoculture exams performed were negative, while 18.2% of the xenodiagnosis were positive. The serological tests used (IIF and ELISA) detected 31.8% and 34.1% anti-T. cruzi circulating antibodies. The PCR applied to the serum presented a low percentage of positive (6.8%) samples and in tissues (heart and skeletal muscle) high positives of 54.5% and 45.4% respectively were observed. The presence of flagellated forms in the blood, the persistence of serological positive for humoral antibodies transferred by the mother and the permanence of remaining DNA of the T. cruzi in serum and tissues in a significant number of offspring confirm the congenital infection to their offspring in the second generation. These results are of great importance for the better understanding of the epidemiology of Chagas disease


Subject(s)
Animals , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/mortality , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/blood , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control
11.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 32(1): 16-24, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631547

ABSTRACT

Este estudio analizó el efecto de la infección aguda con Trypanosoma cruzi sobre la histología del sistema nervioso central de ratas durante la gestación. Las ratas Wistar fueron infectadas por inoculación intraperitoneal de 5x10(4) tripanosomas sanguícolas de la cepa M/HOM/Bra/53/Y. Para obtener la preñez durante el ascenso de la parasitemia, las ratas en estrus del ciclo menstrual fueron apareadas con los machos a los 12 días posinfección (pi). Ratas vírgenes/infectadas, vírgenes/sanas y sanas/preñadas fueron usadas como controles. Altos niveles de parasitemia patente (PP), de 36 ± 2,9 a 55 ± 3,0 tripanosomas/mm³ de sangre en las ratas con 16 y 22 días de infección y con 6 y 12 días de gestación respectivamente fueron observados. La comparación de la PP entre las ratas infectadas/preñadas y vírgenes/infectadas fue significativa al 1 por ciento. A los 30 días pi las ratas fueron sacrificadas y el cerebro (C) y las regiones cervical (RC), torácica (RT), lumbar (RL) y sacra (RS) de la ME fueron fijadas en formalina al 10 por ciento, deshidratadas e incluidas con Paraplast. Los cortes de 7 μm coloreados con hematoxilina y eosina mostraron reacción inflamatoria de células polimorfonucleares, mononucleares y plasmocitos en contacto con los cuerpos neuronales del C de las ratas infectadas/preñadas. La comparación entre el número de linfocitos en los hemisferios derecho (HD) e izquierdo (HI) de 65 ± 6,3 y 48 ± 4,5 linfocitos en las ratas infectadas/preñadas y de 20 ± 2,0 y 13 ± 1,1 linfocitos en las ratas sanas/preñadas fue significativa (P<0,05). La comparación del número de linfocitos en los HD y HI de las ratas vírgenes/sanas vírgenes/infectadas no reveló diferencias. La disminución de motoneuronas (MN) de 35 ± 3,4 a 16 ± 1,7 en la RC, de 33 ± 3,1 a 21 ± 3,0 en la RT y de 31± 3,8 a 10 ± 1,8 en la RL, de la ME de las ratas infectadas/preñadas fue significativa (P<0,05) en comparación con el número de MN en la ME de las ratas sanas/preñadas....


This study analyzed the effect of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi on the histology of Central Nervous System (CNS) of rats during pregnancy. Wistar rats were infected by intraperitonealy inoculation of 5x10(4) blood trypomastigotes of the M/HOM/Bra/53/Y strain. To obtain pregnancies during the ascending phase of parasitemia, rats in estrus of its menstrual cycle were matched with males at days 12 after infection (pi). Virgin/infected, virgin/healthy and healthy/pregnant rats were used as controls. High levels of patent parasitemia (PP) of 36 ± 2.9 to 55 ± 3.0 tripanosomas/mm³ blood, were observed in rats between 16 and 22 infection days and between 6 and 12 pregnancy days respectively. The comparison of the PP between infected/ pregnant rats and virgin/infected rats was significant at 1 percent. At the 30 days pi rats were sacrificed. Brain (B) and regions cervical (CR), thoracic (TR), lumbar (LR) and sacra (SR) of Spinal cord (SC) samples were obtained and fixed in formalin to 10 percent, dehydrated and embedded in Paraplast. The sections (7 μm) stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin showed inflammatory reaction of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells and plasmocytes in contact with neurons of B of the infected/pregnant rats. The comparison between lymphocytes number in the right (HR) (65 ± 6.3) and left (HL) (48 ± 4.5) cerebral hemispheres of infected/pregnant rats and of 20 ± 2.0 and 13 ± 1.1 lymphocytes in healthy/pregnant rats was significant (P<0.05). The comparison between lymphocyte number in the HR y HL of the virgin/healthy rats and virgin/infected rats not showed differences. Motoneurons (MN) reduction of 35 ± 3.4 to 16 ± 1.7 in CR, of 33 ± 3.1 to 21 ± 3.0 in TR and of 31± 3.8 to 10 ± 1.8 in LR of the SC of infected/pregnant rats was significant (P<0.05), when they were compared with MN number in SC of healthy/pregnant rats. Reduction of MN of 53 ± 4.9 to 35 ± 3.4 in the CR and of 37 ± 3.3 to 22 ± 1.9 in the SR...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Animals, Laboratory , Chagas Disease , Laboratory Infection , Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology , Central Nervous System/anatomy & histology , Trypanosoma cruzi
12.
Invest. clín ; 50(3): 335-345, sept. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-564794

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en detectar la presencia de ADN de Trypanosoma cruzi en la placenta y tejidos de fetos provenientes de ratones (Mus musculus) NMRI inoculadas con 22 × 103 tripomastigotes metacíclicos de la cepa M/HOM/BRA/53/Y por vía intraperitoneal. Los ratones hembras fueron preñadas durante la fase aguda de la infección. El curso de la parasitemia patente por T. cruzi fue evaluada antes del apareamiento y durante el periodo de gestación. A los veinte días de gestación los animales fueron sacrificados y los fetos con sus placentas fueron removidos para evaluar la infección por T. cruzi. Las muestras de placenta, corazón y músculo esquelético fetal fueron fijadas en formalina neutra al 10%, incluidas en parafina y coloreadas con hematoxilina y eosina (HE). El estudio histopatológico de los tejidos fetales reveló la presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio de células mononucleares y polimorfonucleares y sin parasitismo tisular. La amplificación del ADN de T. cruzi por la reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) demostró reacción positiva en el 18% de las placentas de los ratones hembras infectadas preñadas. Las muestras de corazón y músculo esquelético de los fetos provenientes de madres infectadas con T. cruzi no mostraron la presencia de ADN del parásito. Los cortes de placenta y de músculo esquelético analizados por inmunotinción con Peroxidasa anti Peroxidasa mostraron antígeno de T. cruzi en esos tejidos. Los resultados obtenidos por PCR en los tejidos fetales pudieran relacionarse con la virulencia y tropismo asociados con las características biológicas y genética de la cepa de T. cruzi, utilizada en la infección experimental de los ratones hembras.


The objective of the present study was to detect the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in the placenta and fetal tissues of NMRI mice (Mus musculus) inoculated with 22 × 103 trypomastigotes metacyclic of the M/HOM/BRA/53/Y strain by intraperitoneal route. Mice were pregnant in the acute phase of the infection. The course of patent parasitemia by T. cruzi was evaluated before mating and during pregnancy. At day twenty of gestation, animals were sacrificed and the fetuses and their placentas were removed to evaluate T. cruzi infection. Samples of fetal placenta, heart and skeletal muscle were fixed in 10%, formalin, included in paraffin and stained with hematoxilin and eosin (HE). The histopathological study of sections of fetal tissues revealed inflammatory infiltrates with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells and without parasitism in these tissues. The amplification of T. cruzi DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) showed a positive reaction in 18% of placental tissue of pregnant infected mice. The samples of heart and skeletal muscle of the fetuses of mothers infected with T. cruzi did not show the presence T. cruzi DNA. The placenta and skeletal muscle of the fetuses analyzed by Peroxidase anti Peroxidase inmunostaining showed T. cruzi antigens in those tissues. Negative results by PCR in fetal tissues might be related with the virulence and tropism associated with the biological and genetic characteristic Of the T. cruzi strain used in the experimental infection of female mice.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , DNA , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Chagas Disease/veterinary , Placenta , Placental Circulation , Trypanosoma cruzi , Parasitology
13.
Kasmera ; 37(1): 74-89, jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630929

ABSTRACT

Se investigan los efectos de la ingestión de una dieta con alto contenido en grasas en ratas albinas (R. norvegicus) crónicamente infectadas con Trypanosoma cruzi “Planalto”, mediante pruebas de diagnóstico sero-parasitológicas, cuantificación del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), detección de la Proteína C Reactiva (PCR), evaluación de los niveles de lípidos plasmáticos (colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidad - HDL y triglicéridos) y presencia de depósitos lipídicos en la arteria aorta. Durante el curso de la infección chagásica, se detectaron parasitemias patentes entre los 10 y 35 días pi, con un máximo promedio de 36,68±2 trips./mm³ de sangre a los 25 días. A los 90 días pi, se evidenció ausencia de parasitemias y presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti- T. cruzi. Las ratas chagásicas (A) y las sanas (C) sometidas a la dieta rica en grasas, mostraron: diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en el IMC, en comparación con los grupos de ratas sometidas a la dieta normal (B: infectadas y D: sanas); discreta reacción de la PCR en los sueros de las ratas infectadas B; aumento significativo en los niveles de colesterol total, colesterol - HDL y triglicéridos en los grupos A y C en comparación con los grupos controles B y D (p<0,05). El estudio histológico de las arterias de ratas del grupo A, reveló importantes depósitos lipídicos ubicados en la capa muscular próximos a las capas íntima y adventicia. Estos resultados sugieren que el incremento en los niveles de lípidos plasmáticos estimulado por el proceso infeccioso, son los principales mecanismos por el cual T. cruzi podría estar influyendo en la iniciación o progresión de placas ateromatosas


The effects of ingesting a high fat diet on albino rats (R. norvegicus) chronically infected with Trypanosome cruzi “Planalto” were researched using serological and parasitological diagnostic tests, body mass index (BMI) quantification, detection of C-Protein Reactive (CPR), evaluation of the plasmatic lipid levels (total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins HDL and triglycerides) and the presence of lipidic deposits in the aorta artery. During the course of the chagasic infection, patent parasitemias were detected between the ages of 10 and 35 days post-infection (pi) with a maximum average of 36.68 ± 2 tryps/mm³ of blood at 25 days. At 90 days pi, the absence of parasitemias and the presence of IgG anti T. cruzi antibodies were in evidence. The chagasic rats in chronic phase (A) and the healthy controls (C) submitted to a high fat diet showed: 1. Significant variations (p0.05) in the BMI, in comparison with the rat groups receiving a normal diet (B: infected and D: healthy rats); 2. A discrete CRP reaction in the serum of infected rats B; 3. A significant increase was shown in the total cholesterol levels, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides for groups A and C in comparison with control groups B and D (p0.05). The histological study of rat arteries in group A revealed important lipid deposits located in the muscular layer near the intimal and adventitial layer. These results suggest that the increase in plasmatic lipid levels stimulated by the infectious process are the main mechanisms through which T. cruzi could be influencing the initiation or the progression of atheromatous plaque


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Animals, Laboratory/microbiology , Chagas Disease/virology , Dietary Fats/analysis , Rats, Wistar/microbiology , Trypanosoma cruzi/virology
14.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 48(2): 127-134, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630386

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio muestra el desarrollo de fetos de ratones hembras NMRI inoculadas con la cepa M/HOM/BRA/53/Y de trypanosoma cruzi y preñadas durante la fase aguda de la infección. Altos niveles de parasitemias fueron observados en las ratones con 30 días post-infección y 20 días de gestación, en comparación con las detectadas en los ratones vírgenes e infectadas con T. cruzi. En 3 de los fetos (15%) provenientes de dos madres infectadas/gestantes con altas parasitemias, se observaron signos de anomalías congénitas morfológicas y estructurales músculo-esqueléticas. Presentándose en uno de los fetos la formación de dos protuberancias, una sobre el lado dorsal del cuerpo y la otra en la base de la pata inferior izquierda, en otro de los fetos, la pata derecha se desarrolló sobre el lado derecho de la cara y en un tercer feto se formó una protuberancia en la pata anterior izquierda a nivel de la región subescapular. El estudio histopatológico con hematoxilina y eosina de los tejidos muscular esquelético y cardíaco, mostró en el 10% (2/20) de los tejidos fetales, intenso infiltrado celular mononuclear con predominio de linfocitos, macrófagos o histiocitos y monocitos entre las fibras musculares y cardíacas, con discreta miositis y miocarditis. Con la técnica de peroxidada anti peroxidada se observaron abundantes depósitos antigénicos, tanto en placenta como en músculo esquelético de los fetos con alteraciones morfológicas. En los ratones infectadas/gestantes los fetos presentaron reducción del peso corporal y retardo en el crecimiento fetal, así como reducción en el número de fetos de 10 en comparación con 14 fetos de mayor tamaño y aspecto normal desarrollados en las ratonas sanas preñadas.


The present study shows the development of the fetuses from pregnant female mice NMRI inoculated with M/HOM/BRA/53/Y Trypanosoma cruzi strain. The infection revealed the highest levels of patent parasitemia in mice with 30 days postinfection and 20 days of pregnancy in comparison with infected unmated mice. Three fetuses (15%) from two infected mice with high levels of parasitemia, showed morphological and structural muscularskeletal congenital anomalies. Two protuberances were observed, one on the dorsal side of the body, and the other on the left footpad base. In another fetus his right footpad came out from the right part of his face and in the 3rd one it was observed a lump in the left leg, above the level subscapular region. The histophatological study with hematoxilin-eosin staining of skeletal muscle and cardiac tissue, showed in 10% (2/20) of the mice, inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes, macrophages and monocytes into muscular and cardiac fibers, with discrete myositis and myocarditis. Peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining showed T. cruzi antigens in placenta and skeletal muscle of the fetuses with morphological alterations. In the pregnant mice, fetuses also showed both, loss of weight and growth retardation, as well as reduction of the number of fetuses to 10 in comparison with 14 fetuses in normal and healthy pregnant mice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child , Mice , Congenital Abnormalities/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/pathology , Trypanosoma cruzi/microbiology , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity , Animals, Laboratory/abnormalities , Animals, Laboratory/embryology , Animals, Laboratory/parasitology
15.
Invest. clín ; 48(2): 187-198, jun. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-486667

ABSTRACT

En este estudio se investigaron las alteraciones hematológicas y de glucosa sanguínea en ratas albinas (Rattus norvegicus) cepa Wistar, con infección chagásica aguda, antes y durante la gestación. Muestras de sangre fueron obtenidas de los grupos A,B,C y D de ratas a los 0,6,12 y 20 días de la preñez para la realización de pruebas de diagnóstico hematológico y de glicemia. El análisis estadístico de los resultados conseguidos reveló cambios significativos (p<0,05) en los valores de hemoglobina (Hb), y diferencias altamente significativas (p<0,01) en las variables hematocrito (Hto), cuenta de leucocitos (CL), porcentaje de linfocitos (L), neutrófilos (N), número de plaquetas (P) y niveles de glucosa sanguínea (G). El recuento diferencial de monocitos (M) y eosinófilos (E) no mostró variaciones significativas respecto a los valores normales. Estos hallazgos mostraron importantes alteraciones en las variables hematológicas y en los valores de glucosa en la sangre; representados por anemia discreta a moderada, marcada leucocitosis, linfopenia neutrofilia, trombocitopenia e hipoglicemia. Finalmente, se discuten algunos factores de la infección chagásica aguda en la rata Wistar, los cuales son potenciados por los efectos fisiológicos producidos por la preñez y por algunas variables fisiológicas propia de la madre.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Hematologic Tests , Models, Animal , Pregnancy , Trypanosoma cruzi , Medicine , Venezuela
16.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 16(6): 593-603, dic. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-630984

ABSTRACT

A light and transmission electron microscopy study was performed in skeletal muscles (SM) Gastrocnemius (G) from mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi to determine changes on microvessels (MV) and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of G. In this study 10 male (mus musculus) (20 g) were infected subcutaneally with 1.10(4) bloodstream trypomastigotes M/DID/Ve/02/DSM strain. Five mice were kept as uninfected controls. The parasites induced a complete paralysis of the rear limbs and death while still in the acute Chagas´disease. The histopathology of SM showed inflammatory cell infiltration by mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes associated with marked parasitism in the muscle fibers of G. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed interstitial IgG deposit as bands regularly spaced along the nerve terminals at 40 days post-infection (pi). At this time T. cruzi antigens and intracellular amastigotes nests were also observed. The marked inflammatory response and morphological changes in the SM were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Capillary ultrastructure was seen to be altered, with points of cell cytoplasm discontinuity that appear to represent holes in the microvessel walls. This finding coincided with amastigote nests in myofibers, close contacts between trypomastigotes and endothelial cells and marked thickening of the basement membrane of the muscle vessels. Loss of capillary lumen and a process of ischemia also were observed in the SM of infected mice. The neuromuscular junction showed degeneration of intramuscular nerve fibers, reduction in the axon caliber, swollen mitochondrial, increase in the actin filaments and microtubules in the axoplasm, and swelling of the Schwann cells. Increase in the nerve terminal perimeter and most of the synaptic vesicles were localized near the presynaptic active zones and scarces in the axoplasm. At this stage of infection the changes findings in MV and NMJ of G infected with ...


Un estudio con microscopía de luz y electrónica de transmisión fue realizado en muestras del músculo esquelético (ME) Gastrocnemius (G) de ratones experimentalmente infectados con Trypanosoma cruzi, a fin de determinar las alteraciones en la microvasculatura y unión neuromuscular (UNM) de G durante la infección chagásica aguda. Un grupo de 10 ratones machos (mus musculus) NMRI (20 g), fueron infectados subcutáneamente con 1,10(4) tripomastigotes sanguícolas de la cepa M/DID/Ve/02/DSM. Cinco ratones NMRI no infectados fueron usados como control. Estos parásitos produjeron completa parálisis de las patas posteriores y muerte de los ratones durante la infección aguda. La histopatología del ME mostró infiltración de células mononucleares y leucocitos polimorfonucleares asociados con marcado parasitismo en la fibra muscular de G. La inmunofluorescencia indirecta reveló IgG a manera de bandas sobre el nervio terminal a los 40 días post-infección (pi). En este tiempo, antígeno y grupos de amastigotes de T. cruzi fueron observados en los cortes del ME. La marcada respuesta inflamatoria y las alteraciones morfológicas en el tejido muscular fueron verificadas por microscopía electrónica de transmisión. La ultraestructura de los capilares estuvo relacionada con puntos de discontinuidad en la microvasculatura. Este encuentro coincidió con la presencia de grupos de amastigotes dentro de las miofibrillas, estrecho contacto entre los tripomastigotes y las células endoteliales y marcado adelgazamiento de la membrana basal de los vasos sanguíneos. La pérdida del lumen capilar y un proceso de ischemia también fue observado en el G de los ratones infectados. La unión neuromuscular mostró degeneración de la fibra nerviosa intramuscular, reducción en el calibre del axón del nervio motor determinada por una retracción de la vaina de mielina, inflamación mitocondrial, aumento en los filamentos de actina y microtúbulos en el axoplasma e inflamación de las células ...

17.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 61(1/2): 3-11, jun. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-432842

ABSTRACT

This study has been done to evaluate the central nervous system (CNS) of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and its relationships with the irreversible decrease of motor activity of the rear limbs during acute Chagas´disease. The course of the present study shows the in vivo behaviour of three parasites strains which were isolated from different sources and geographical areas, with the purpose of explaining the parasitemia, mortality rate, clinical, pathological and histopathological changes in the CNS of infected mice. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5.103 bloodstreams of different T. cruzi strains. The mice infected with PR and ASM strains from Venezuela, showed low parasitemia and high mortality, while the Y strain produced higher parasitemia levels. At the 30th day post-infection both left parietal brain cortex (LPC) and spinal cord (SC) were sectioned, stained with hematoxilin and eosin (H-E) and examined by means of confocal ligth microscopy. At this time, the pathology of the CNS exhibited focal infiltrates of monocytes, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and loss of neuronas and motoneurons. The sections of LPC of infected mice with ASM strain, showed loss neuronal, parasites and abundant T. cruzi antigen deposits in the proximity of the swollen neurons. The sections of SC stained with Enolase-Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase showed a reduction in the average number of neurons of the cervical region (CR) of the infected mice with PR, ASM and Y strains. Sections stained with Propidium Ioduro (IP) showed a reduction of the number of motoneurons in all regions of the SC, with a significant difference between groups infected with different T. cruzi strains and control uninfected mice (P < 0.05). This study established a correlation between the parasitism in the proximity to inflammatory cells, together the appearance of T. cruzi antigen and neuronal destruction in the brain. Therefore it can be concluded that the changes in CNS may be attributed to early parasitism in nervous tissue, which occur in a few days, involving clinico-pathological manifestations, which produced alterations of the mobility with paralysis of the rear limbs and death in 100% of mice with acute infection produced by PR and ASM-T. cruzi strains from Venezuela.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections , Chagas Disease/complications , Central Nervous System/parasitology , Central Nervous System/pathology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Acute Disease , Chagas Disease/immunology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/parasitology , Neurons/parasitology , Parasitemia/chemically induced , Venezuela
18.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 16(5): 506-516, oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630973

ABSTRACT

Se investiga en ratas albinas (Rattus norvegicus), cepa Wistar, inoculadas por vía intraperitoneal con 5x10(4) tripomastigotes sanguícolas de Trypanosoma cruzi, y preñadas 10 días después de la inoculación, los efectos de la infección aguda sobre la gestación, utilizando diferentes pruebas de diagnóstico. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas (P < 0,01) entre los valores de parasitemia promedio de los grupos de ratas vírgenes B y ratas gestantes D, durante la primera y segunda semana de gestación, registrándose a los 12 días de la gravidez niveles de parasitemias de hasta 55 ± 3 y 27 ± 9 trips/mm³ de sangre. Anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi fueron detectados en los sueros de las ratas infectadas, mostrando diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) cuando se compara la interacción grupo-tiempo. Presencia de formas flageladas de T. cruzi en los tubos de cultivo inoculados con líquido amniótico de 3 (50%) de 6 ratas sacrificadas a término de gestación. Instauración de una miocarditis y miositis aguda de variable intensidad acompañada de nidos de amastigotes de T. cruzi a nivel del corazón, músculo esquelético y fibras musculares lisas del útero grávido. Las placentas mostraron una placentitis moderada sin parasitismo a nivel del estroma velloso, placas coriónica y desidual. Las glándulas mamarias presentaron un infiltrado celular discreto sin parasitosis en los alveólos, conductos excretores y tejido conectivo inter e intralobulillar. Las células alveolares exhibieron un citoplasma basofílico y abundante secreción. El análisis morfométrico, reveló diferencias significativas (P < 0,01) en el tamaño de fetos y placentas obtenidos de ratas infectadas D y controles sanas C. La infección chagásica aguda produjo en la rata gestante alteraciones parasitológicas, inmunológicas, histopatológicas y morfométricas importantes, las cuales fueron potenciadas por los efectos paralelos inducidos por la gravidez; la presencia de formas flageladas de T. ...


White Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were intraperitoneally inoculated with 5x10(4) blood form trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and impregnated 10 days after inoculation. The effects of acute infection on gestation were examined using different diagnostic tests. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.01) level in parasitemia values between group B virgin rats and group D gestating rats, during the first and second week, with levels of parasitemias 12 days after impregnation of 55 ± 3 and 27 ± 9 tryps/mm³. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies were found in the serum of infected rats, showing differences (P < 0.05) level comparing group-time interaction. Flagellate forms of T. cruzi were present in culture tubes inoculated with amniotic fluid from 3 (50%) of 6 rats sacrificed at the end of gestation. There was also myocarditis and acute myositis of varying intensity accompanied by many nest of T. cruzi amastigotes around the heart, in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle fiber in the gravid uterus. There was moderate placentitis without parasitism in the villous stroma and chorionic and decidual plates. Mammary glands showed discrete cellular infiltrate without parasitosis in the alveoli, excretory ducts and in inter and intralobular connective tissue. Alveolar cells showed basophilic cytoplasm and abundant secretion. Morphometric analysis of fetuses and placenta from infected rats D and healthy controls C showed significant differences (P < 0.01) level in size and weight. In conclusion, the gestating rats acute chagasic infection produces important parasitological, immunological, histopathological and morphometric changes: these are exacerbated by the concurrent effects of pregnancy. Flagellate forms of T. cruzi in the amniotic liquid are evidence of congenital fetal infection. T. cruzi did not interfere with gestation and at term of pregnancy the fetuses were apparently normal.

19.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 33(2): 133-140, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-637420

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se investiga la inducción de placas ateromatosas en ratas albinas machos, cepa Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) crónicamente infectadas con Trypanosoma cruzi y alimentadas ad libitum con una dieta rica en grasas de origen vegetal, durante tres meses. La infección crónica evidenciada por pruebas sero-parasitológicas, reveló presenciade anticuerpos IgG anti- T. cruzi y ausencia de parasitemiaspatentes. La dieta rica en grasas produjo en las ratas infectadas (A) y sanas (C) un aumento significativo en el peso (P<0,05), en comparación con las ratas controles (B) y sanas (D) sometidas a la dieta normal. El estudio histopatológicode secciones de la arteria aorta de las ratas del grupo A (infectadas/dieta grasa), mostró abundantes depósitoslipídicos, procesos inflamatorios (vasculitis) y placas ateromatosas en formación. En las secciones de corazón y músculo esquelético se evidenció miocarditis y miositis con características de cronicidad sin parasitismo tisular. Las pruebas inmunohistoquímicas aplicadas a los cortes de arteria,corazón y músculo esquelético de las ratas infectadas A (infectadas/dieta-grasa) y B (infectadas/dieta-normal), mostraron abundantes depósitos antigénicos, lo que indica persistencia de antígenos parasitarios. En conclusión, las ratasinfectadas con T. cruzi alimentadas con la dieta rica en grasas, tienen una mayor propección a desarrollar placas ateromatosas.Los resultados demostraron que una dieta hiperlipídicaes un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedadateromatosa en individuos con enfermedad de Chagas


This work is focused on the induction of atheromatous plaques in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar, chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and fed ad libitum with diet rich in fats of vegetal origin, during three months. The chronic infection detected by serological and parasitological assays, revealed the presence of antibodies IgG anti- T. cruzi and the absence of patents parasitemias. The diet rich in fats produced in the group of infected rats (A) and the group of healthy rats (C) a significant increase in the weight (P<0,05), in comparison with the control group of infected rats (B) and the group of healthy rats (D), fed with a normal diet. The histopathological study of sections of the aorta arteryof the rats of the group (A) (infected/diet fat), showed abundants lipid deposits, inflammatory processes (vasculitis) and atheromatous plaques in development. The sections of the heart and skeletal muscle showed pictures of a myocarditis and myositis with features of chronic tissue without parasitism. The immunohistochemestry assays applied to the cuts of artery, heart and skeletal muscle of the infected rats A (diet/fat) and B (normal/diet), showed abundants antigen deposits. In conclusion, the rats chronically infected with T. cruzi and fed with a diet rich in fats, have a main propensity to develop atheromatous plaques. The results showed that a hyperlipidic diet is a risk factor for the development of atheromatous disease in individuals with Chagas`disease


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Diet, Atherogenic , Dietary Fats/analysis , Neural Plate , Rats, Wistar/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animals, Laboratory , Chagas Disease/pathology
20.
Invest. clín ; 42(3): 195-209, sept. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-352496

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo, analizamos las alteraciones del tracto digestivo (TD) de ratones con infección chagásica crónica, producida por trypanosoma cruzi de diferente orígen. El examen radiológico del TD de 18 ratones infectados con T. cruzi y de 6 ratones controles no infectados, fue analizado después de la ingestión de una solución acuosa de sulfato de bario durante 6 horas. A los 120 días post-infección (pi), las radiografías del TD de los 5 ratones del grupo 1A infectados con tripanosomas del aislado DmI provenientes de didelphis marsupialis, y 4 ratones del grupo 2A infectados con el aislado EP de un paciente con enfermedad de chagas aguda, mostraron dilatación del estómago y del colon (C). A los 180 días pi las radiografías del TD de los 5 ratones del grupo 1B infectados con el aislado DmI y de los 4 ratones del grupo 2B infectados con el aislado EP mostraron una mayor dilatación del C. El análisis histológico del TD de todos los ratones infectados, reveló apreciable alteración en las capas musculares intestinales, tales como adelgazamiento de las capas musculares y mucosa, la pérdida de los pliegues y de los plexos mioentéricos. Basados en estos resultados podemos concluir que dos poblaciones de T. cruzi produjeron severas alteraciones digestivas en el modelo murino experimental utlizado y por otro lado, es posible que tales alteraciones pudieran presentarse en los órganos del sistema digestivo de casos humanos, especialmente en aquellos que viven en las diferentes áreas endémicas, donde tales alteraciones no han sido reportadas


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Chagas Disease , Gastrointestinal Contents , Infections , Mice , Radiography , Radiology , Trypanosoma cruzi
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