Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Fetus , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis , Gigantism/diagnosis , Glypicans/genetics , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics , Female , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics , Gigantism/genetics , Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics , Humans , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Pregnancy , Prenatal DiagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations between cord blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], neonatal outcomes, and the risk of hospitalization during the first year of life. METHODS: A total of 402 newborn infants and their mothers were prospectively enrolled and divided in four groups according to season of the year. We determined 25(OH)D serum concentrations from maternal-neonatal pairs at delivery by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Cut-offs at 25, 50, and 75 nmol/L defined vitamin D status, corresponding to deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency, respectively. Crude odds ratio (cOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Vitamin D severe deficiency (i.e., <25 nmol/L) was present in 18% of newborns. Cord blood severe deficiency was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (cOR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.1-12.2), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (cOR 5.9, 95% CI: 1.1-33.2), and increased risk of hospitalization during the first year of life because of acute respiratory infection (cOR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4-10.6) or acute gastroenterocolitis (cOR 5.2, 95% CI: 1.4-19.1). CONCLUSION: Cord blood vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and hospitalization during the first year of life.