Night contact lenses used for myopia - personal experience.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of vision of patients who have chosen orthokeratology, and to identify different incidents that occur in patients who used this type of therapy. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 10 patients who had a follow-up period of at least 4 years and presented regularly to ophthalmological check-ups. The clinical parameters that were analyzed are the following: ocular refraction before and after orthokeratology therapy, the appearance of corneal topography, the slit-lamp examination of the anterior segment of the eye, incidents determined by night contact lenses, as well as ocular comfort. Results: Issues produced by night lenses occurred in two cases due to deficient hygiene and care and in one case due to disruption of lens wear. Menicon lenses were used in 7 cases and Precilens lenses were used in 3 cases. The initial visual acuity without correction was between 0.02 and 0.7, and after orthokeratology 8 out of 10 patients had a visual acuity of 1. Conclusions: In our study, orthokeratology therapy demonstrated its efficiency in slowing myopia progression and no severe complication was observed during the follow-up period.

The influence of ophthalmological diseases on the vision quality of famous painters.

This article represents an engagement between ophthalmology, culture, art, and knowledge. The paper reviews numerous ophthalmic pathologies that affected some of the most famous artists from all the time. The style of a painting can be created on purpose by the artist, but it can also be affected by the visual acuity. The most significant ocular diseases that might affect visual acuity and style of painting are represented by strabismus, refractive errors, cataract, retinal diseases, color vision deficiency and ocular trauma. During the time, various styles of paintings could be encountered and, very often, we wondered whether the style is influenced by the visual acuity of the artists or visual acuity does not affect at all the styles. The purpose of this study was to prove how ocular pathologies might have affected art creation during the past centuries.

Clinical and immunohistopathological study of conjunctival melanocytic lesions in pediatric and adolescent patients. A case series.

BACKGROUND: Conjunctival pigmented neoplasia can be benign, premalignant or malignant tumors. Our study aims to establish the epidemiological, gross morphological and immunohistopathological features of the conjunctival pigmented lesions in pediatric and adolescent patients (<18 years), to establish an accurate diagnosis. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case series study conducted within two Ophthalmology Clinics from Iasi, Romania, on seven pediatric and adolescent patients. Using the Clinical Observation Chart and the Pathology Registers over a six-years period (January 2015-December 2021), we noted the patients' demographic data, clinical data, and ophthalmological investigations of the lesion, as well as the type of their treatment. All histological sections stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and with five antibodies [pan-cytokeratin (pan-CK) AE1∕AE3, S100 protein, Melan A, human melanoma black 45 (HMB45), and Ki67] were re-examined by four pathologists for each case, to identify the type of the conjunctival lesion and its histological and immunohistochemical features. RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 10.28 years, and the female∕male ratio was 1.3. Right eye was more often affected (71.42%). 71.42% of cases presented an elevated lesion, 57.14% of cases showed a lightly pigmented lesion, but 14.28% of cases exhibited a pink lesion and this feature described the inflamed juvenile conjunctival nevus. In all cases (100%) the conjunctival pigmented tumor was removed with safety margins. The microscopic examination revealed a compound melanocytic nevus in 57.14% cases, a junctional conjunctival nevus in 14.28% cases, an inflamed juvenile nevus in 14.28% cases, and a conjunctival melanoma arising from a pre-existing nevus in 14.28% cases. In all cases of nevi, the nevoid melanocytes showed strong immunopositivity for Melan A and S100 protein, variable and weak immunopositivity for HMB45, and a mean Ki67 labeling index of 1.71%. Conjunctival melanoma revealed strong immunopositivity of tumor cells for HMB45, Melan A and S100 protein, and a Ki67 labeling index of 20%. In all cases, the conjunctival epithelium showed strong immunopositivity for pan-CK AE1∕AE3. All our cases (100%) had a favorable outcome after the surgical removal of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Any excision of a conjunctival pigmented lesion must be subject to a systematic immunohistopathological examination, and there is a set of antibodies (anti-HMB45 and anti-Ki67) that are useful for differential diagnosis between a conjunctival nevus and a conjunctival melanoma.

Update in pediatric myopia treatment strategies.

Pediatric myopia affects more and more children in Asia, USA and other countries. There is no standard protocol for the therapy but pediatric ophthalmologists try to decrease myopia progression using different methods. Myopia in children is more and more frequent and the onset age has decreased over time, leading to a greater chance to progression into high diopters for spectacles or contact lenses and also other ocular complications. Regarding this issue, the aim of this paper was to underline the new therapeutic regimens for correcting and slowing pediatric myopia progression.

Odontogenic orbital inflammation.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the most frequent clinical aspects in patients with odontogenic orbital inflammation, the computed tomography (CT) aspect, and the most appropriate treatment. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study conducted on 3 patients with ages between 16 and 55 years old, in the Ophthalmology and Oro-Maxillo-Facial Clinics of "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital, Iași, Romania. The following investigations were performed in all selected cases: visual acuity (VA), ocular motility examination, anterior segment examination at slit-lamp, fundus examination, intraoral clinical examination, sinus and orbital involvement on CT scan, pathogens involved. Results: All three patients presented swelling of the genic and periorbital regions, conjunctival chemosis, hyperemia of the conjunctiva, proptosis, pain, decreased vision and extraocular movement restriction. The CT examination identified orbital and periorbital cellulitis and ethmoidal expanded maxillary sinusitis or pansinusitis. Dental extraction, transalveolar drainage and orbital decompression were performed in all three cases. The evolution was favorable with remission of proptosis, edema of the genic and periorbital regions and conjunctival chemosis. Visual acuity remained poor in one case due to total optic nerve atrophy. Conclusions: Our study had a small number of patients, but the data was pertinent to ophthalmologists and maxillofacial surgeons who need to be aware of typical clinical features and the most common etiologies. Late treatment of dental infections can lead to severe ocular manifestations such as orbital cellulitis. Odontogenic orbital inflammation management involves a long-term and multidisciplinary approach. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography, VA = visual acuity, CBCT = cone beam computed tomography, TED = thyroid eye disease, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, OOC = odontogenic orbital cellulitis, RAPD = relative afferent pupillary defect.