[The plasma levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in breast cancer patients]. / Ocena stezen czynnika stymulujacego kolonie granulocytarne i granulocytarno-makrofagowe w osoczu chorych na raka piersi.

UNLABELLED: Granulocyte - colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage - colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) belong to hematopoetic growth factors (HGFs). Few clinical investigations have shown their autologous production both in vitro by human cell lines and in vivo by tumors. AIM OF THE STUDY: We have investigated the plasma levels of G-CSF GM-CSF and CA 15-3 in breast cancer patients before and after surgery, and before and after chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The plasma levels of cytokines were measured in 46 patients with breast cancer and in 30 healthy subjects. G-CSF and GM-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 15-3 was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). RESULTS: G-CSF and GM-CSF plasma levels were significantly higher in II stage breast cancer patients before surgery comparing to the control group. The plasma levels of tested cytokines were decreased after surgery, which suggested it's usefulness in evaluating breast cancer total resection. Both of tested cytokines after chemotherapy were increased, which suggested secretion from damaged breast cancer cells. Additionally we observed decreasing the plasma levels of cytokines, especially G-CSF in the 360th day after surgery. This latter result has prognostic function (no symptoms of cancer recurrence). In this study similar plasma levels of CA 15-3 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Tested cytokines, especially G-CSF, can be used in diagnostics and monitoring breast cancer therapy.

[The value of plasma interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in monitoring of patients with breast cancer]. / Wartosc oznaczania interleukiny 6 i 8 w osoczu w monitorowaniu leczenia chorych na raka piersi.

The aim of this study was to determine IL-6 and IL-8 in plasma 29 patients with breast cancer in order to evaluate of interleukins in monitoring therapy. These patients were divided into 3 groups. I-control group comprised 25 healthy persons. Group II comprised 14 patients with recently recognized breast cancer. They underwent examination 5 times: before operation, during treatment and follow-up. Group III comprised 15 patients with recurrence cancer. These patients were examined before and after chemotherapy. Before treatment plasma concentration of the IL-6 were increased in 62% and IL-8 in 86% patients. The concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 decreased to normal limits in all patients with remission. In of patients with progressive disease the IL-6 and IL-8 levels decreased during therapy and next rise. The current observations demonstrate that measurements of IL-6 and IL-8 appear to be useful for the evaluation of therapy and monitoring of patients.

[Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the plasma and activity of enzymes in granulocytes of breast cancer patients]. / Stezenie wzrostowego czynnika granulopoezy (G-CSF) w osoczu i aktywnosc enzymów w granulocytach, u chorych na raka piersi.

OBJECTIVES: G-CSF is a stimulatory factor of granulocyte colony formation. In vitro and in vivo G-CSF stimulates the proliferation of granulocyte precursors and enhances phagocytic functions of mature cells. Indirect evidence of this might be the increase of the activity of granulocyte enzymes participating in phagocytosis. DESIGN: The aim of this study was to compare in vivo the level of G-CSF in the plasma and the activity of: alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase(AcP), peroxidase(MPO) and esterase in the granulocytes of breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The activities of tested enzymes were measured by cytochemical methods in the blood of 10 patients with breast cancer before and 30 days after operation and in 10 healthy subject. GSF level was measured using a sensitive sandwich ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: 1. On the basis of the obtained results we can conclude that G-CSF level was increased in cancer patients (18.30 pg/ml before operation and 20.70 pg/ml after operation) compared to the control group (15.73 pg/ml). This results suggest that G-CSF may be synthesized by phagocytic cells and/or cancer cells. 2. AP activity was decreased after surgery (135.00 score) in comparison to the activities before operation (182.3 score). 3. AcP (213.6 score), MPO (364.6 score) and esterase (184.2 score) activities were significantly increased after surgery in comparison to the activities before operation: AcP 188.6 score, MPO 316.3 score, esterase 154.8 score. 4. These results suggest that activities of tested enzymes might be dependent on G-CSF plasma level.

[The plasma levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in breast cancer patients]. / Ocena stezen czynnika stymulujacego kolonie granulocytarne (G-CSF) i makrofagowe (M-CSF) w osoczu pacjentek z rakiem piersi.

We have investigated the plasma levels of G-CSF and M-CSF and commonly accepted tumor marker CA 15-3 in 54 breast cancer patients before and after surgery and chemotherapy. The patients were divided into two groups: A (stage I) and B (stage II). G-CSF i M-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 15-3 was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). G-CSF and M-CSF plasma levels (similarly as CA 15-3) were significantly higher in breast cancer patients before surgery comparing to the control group. After surgery plasma level of G-CSF (as CA 15-3) was decreased, but M-CSF increased. The plasma levels of tested cytokines and CA 15-3 increased after chemotherapy. This study suggests that tested cytokines (especially G-CSF) can be clinically useful in diagnostics of breast cancer, yet further investigation and confirmation by a prospective study are necessary.

[Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) as a candidate for the tumor marker of breast cancer]. / Czynnik wzrostu kolonii makrofagowych (M-CSF) jako kandydat na markera nowotworowego raka piersi.

Macrophage--colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is one of the glycoproteins called colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). Some clinical investigations have shown autologous production of M-CSF various human cell lines in vitro and by tumors in vivo. We have investigated the plasma level of M-CSF and commonly accepted tumour markers, such as CA 15-3 in breast cancer. The plasma levels of cytokines were measured in 30. patients with breast cancer before surgery and 20. healthy subjects. The patients were divided into two groups: A (stage I) and B (stage II). M-CSF was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 15-3 was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). Mean M-CSF and CA 15-3 plasma levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to the control group. The M-CSF level was significantly higher (statistical significance) in group B (II stage) when compared to group A (I stage) and group B to control group. The diagnostic sensitivity of M-CSF were related to the stage of disease (group A--10%, group B--40%) and combined use with CA 15-3 (group A--30%, group B--65%). These results suggest a potential role for M-CSF as tumour marker for breast cancer.

[Plasma level of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in the course of breast cancer treatment]. / Stezenie w osoczu czynnika wzrostu kolonii makrofagowych (M-cSF) w przebiegu leczenia raka piersi.

Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is one of the glycoproteins called colony-stimulating factors (CSF). Some clinical investigations have shown an autologous production of M-CSF in various human cell lines in vitro and by tumour cells in vivo. We have investigated the plasma level of M-CSF and commonly accepted tumour marker, such as CA 15-3 in the plasma of 44 patients with breast cancer. Blood was taken before and in 30 and 180 days after surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: A (stage 1) and B (stage 11). M-CSF was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 15-3 was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). M-CSF plasma levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients before and after surgery comparing to the control group. The M-CSF level was higher in group B (11 stage) compared to the group A (I stage). These results suggest the potential role of M-CSF in the diagnostics and monitoring of breast cancer chemotherapy.