ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The development of specific screening programs for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a priority. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of serum soluble CD26 (sCD26) in family-risk individuals and compares this marker with the faecal immunochemical test for the detection of advanced neoplasia (AN) (CRC or advanced adenomas; AA). METHODS: Five hundred and sixteen asymptomatic individuals with at least one first-degree relative with CRC were included. Serum sCD26 was measured in all the individuals who also underwent a colonoscopy (53 AA and four cancer cases were found) and a faecal immunochemical test. RESULTS: Setting specificity to 90% and 95%, respectively, sCD26 showed a sensitivity of 39.6% and 28.3% for AA, and of 42.1% and 28.1% for AN. The combination of sCD26 and the faecal test detected AA and AN with a 52.8% and 56.1% sensitivity, corresponding to 93.5% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of serum sCD26 and the faecal blood test could result a valuable strategy for detecting AN in familial-risk CRC screening.