ABSTRACT
Dental treatments and oral health promotion are now more mobile and versatile thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT)-based healthcare services. This scoping review aims to compile the available data and outline the aims, design, assessment procedures, efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of the implementation of IoT to improve children's oral health. Articles for this review were gathered from PubMed, Scopus, and Ebscohost databases to identify and construct the keywords and primary research topic. The selected studies were published between 2000 and 2022 and focused on children aged 1 to 18 and/or parents/caregivers of children who received oral health promotion and/or dental disease preventive treatments utilizing the IoT. Each study topic required data extraction. A total of nine papers were included in this review. Two of the nine publications were quasi-experimental, while the remaining six papers were randomized control trials. The nine papers considered in this appraisal have a range of interventions and follow-up periods. Mobile-Health (m-Health), home healthcare, hospital/clinical management, and electronic-Health applications (e-Health) are the most common IoT architecture used as interventions. Three studies assessed oral health knowledge and behavior scores, whereas the bulk of studies (6/7) used m-Health treatments focusing on dental plaque buildup as well as gingival health evaluation to assess oral hygiene. IoT is one of the mediums or instruments that might be used to encourage children's dental health. The studies suggest that the use of IoT could help in improving oral hygiene and oral health, which can further improve children's oral health.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The prevalence of periodontal disease is increasing in most countries including developing and developed countries. It affects 20-50-% of the global population. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with severe periodontal disease had a 3.2 times higher risk of death than individuals without periodontitis. Periodontitis contributes to small-scale systemic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the severity of periodontitis using IL-10 (Interleukin-10) level in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional. All methods were performed following the guidelines and regulations of the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The samples were 90 subjects. The instruments used were questionnaires, periodontal status measurements based on Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and random blood glucose measurements. Data on the IL-10 level was obtained using Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF). Results: There was a significant difference in lifestyle in each group. The highest IL-10 level was found in the periodontitis group, followed by the periodontitis with the type 2 DM group. Conclusion: The level of IL-10 can be used to determine periodontitis severity in type 2 DM. Most respondents with the highest level of IL-10 were found in periodontitis followed by periodontitis with type 2 DM group. High levels of IL-10 will decrease the synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), activation of macrophages, and Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) (AU)
Objetivo: A prevalência da doença periodontal tem aumentado na maioria dos países, incluindo países em desenvolvimento e desenvolvidos, Afetando 20-50% da população global. Pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM) com doença periodontal grave apresentaram risco 3,2 vezes maior de morte do que indivíduos sem periodontite. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a gravidade da periodontite utilizando o nível de IL-10 (Interleucina-10) no diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo transversalfoi realizadoseguindo as orientações e regulamentos do Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universitas Airlangga. Noventa participantes,responderam um questionário e foram examinados , para o estado periodontal, baseadas no Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC) e medidas aleatórias de glicemia. Os dados do nível de IL-10 foram obtidos utilizando Fluido Crevicular Gengival (GCF). Resultados: Houve uma diferença significativa no estilo de vida em cada grupo. O nível mais alto de IL-10 foi encontrado no grupo com periodontite, seguido pela periodontite com o grupo DM tipo 2. Conclusão: O nível de IL-10 pode ser utilizado para determinar a gravidade da periodontite no DM tipo 2. A maioria dos participantes com maior nível de IL-10 estava no grupo periodontite seguida de periodontite com DM tipo 2. Altos níveis de IL-10 diminuiem a síntese do Fator de Necrose Tumoral Alfa (TNF-α), Interleucina-1 (IL-1), Interleucina-6 (IL-6), ativação de macrófagos e neutrófilos polimorfonucleares (PMN) (AU)