ABSTRACT
Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is a common condition in otorhinolaryngology practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between localization and severity of NSD, and related complaints as well as to suggest a simplified assessment method for NSD. Seventy-five patients who complaint nasal obstruction were enrolled this study. The affected nasal cavity was divided into 4 separate sections as follows: antero-superior (AS), antero-inferior (AI), postero-superior (PS), and postero-inferior (PI). Each section was determined according to its relationship to the both superior edge and head of the inferior turbinate. The NSD score was calculated separately for each section according to its relationship with lateral nasal wall. The NSD-related complaints were assessed via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale. There were 42 male and 33 female patients, with an age range of 18 to 44 years. The mean NSD score was 2.18â±â0.63 for AS section, 1.92â±â0.67 for AI section, 1.54â±â0.70 for PS section, and 1.18â±â0.60 for PI section. The mean total NSD score was 6.84â±â1.97 while the mean NOSE score was 12.5â±â5.11. There was a strong positive correlation between total NSD and NOSE scores when the NSD score was 6 or more (râ=â0.9556). This correlation was also present when each section was evaluated separately. The strongest correlation was detected for AS section deviations. Our septal classification system provides a simple and effective evaluation of NSDs. The NSDs which affect internal valve are more related with nasal obstruction and patients' discomfort.
Subject(s)
Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Nose Deformities, Acquired/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nasal Cavity , Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis , Nasal Septum , Nose Deformities, Acquired/complications , Otolaryngology , Symptom Assessment , Young AdultABSTRACT
Given the prevalence and annual incidence of cancer, head and neck cancer is affecting more than 600,000 people each year. In this research, it was decided to investigate that which genes are involved and how MPO, NQO1, SOD2 enzyme levels effective to develop of head and neck cancer and for the first time at the tissue level. 35 tumor tissues in all head and neck anatomy and their surrounding tissue (70 in total) were enclosed the research that received surgery. Determination of the apoptosis genes expression levels (Mtch1, Akt1, Caspase3, Caspase9, Bcl2, Mdm2, mTOR) were determined by RT-PCR techniques and the same patients' sample used for ROS associated oxidant-antioxidant system by using MPO, NQO1, SOD2 enzyme levels using ELISA method. According to statistical results, caspase 9 gene was found statistically high expressed in early stage in contrast to late stage (p=0,013). Level of SOD2, NQO1 and MPO was determined and only MPO level was found significantly important on tumor tissues p=0,008). Specially, our findings for high expression of Cas9 on early stage were thought to be the target for treatment with its well-known initiator role of the apoptosis. Our results suggest that the higher level of MPO in tumor tissues and indicates that it has some role on pathology of head and neck cancers. We believe that, our research will lead the proposal in-vivo studies and will open new areas on therapeutic targets.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/enzymology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Aged , Apoptosis/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Caspase 3/genetics , Caspase 3/metabolism , Caspase 9/genetics , Caspase 9/metabolism , Female , Humans , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/metabolism , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Peroxidase/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the effects of different surgical techniques for congenital choanal atresia (CCA), and particular emphasis is given to the analysis of the factors affecting the surgical outcome. The necessity for revision surgery and surgical outcomes were retrospectively investigated in patients undergoing revision surgery according to a recently proposed classification system. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on patients operated for CCA between January 2007 and December 2018 at a university hospital. Data in the medical records, including patient age when the initial surgery was performed, gender, additional anomalies and medical conditions, the duration of gestation, side and type of atresia, type of surgery and need for revision surgery were reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-five patients treated for CCA in our university hospital were screened. The mean follow-up duration was 82.16 months. Revision surgery was required in 9 of 26 cases, which are included in the study (34.6%). Fourteen patients presented with bilateral CCA, while 12 were unilateral cases. Sixteen patients (61.5%) had comorbid medical conditions. While the removal of vomer and mucoperiosteal flap use affects successful surgical repair, no differences were observed in choanal atresia type, laterality, use of stent and the presence of additional medical conditions. CONCLUSION: The most important factors affecting surgical success for CCA are the removal of the vomer and closure of all bare bone tissues using a mucoperiosteal flap. Use of stents provides no additional benefit, apart from preventing synechiae formation.