ABSTRACT
The antiviral potential of selected bacteria species [lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and micrococcaceae] was examined. By this, the effect of their cell-free supernatants as well as of certain species-related metabolites (sakacin A, nisin, and lactic acid) was investigated on different viruses after exposure at 24 °C for 3 days. Viruses were incubated with supernatants and metabolites in a dilution ratio of 1:10. Data for antiviral effects towards murine norovirus S99 (MNV), influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1), Newcastle disease virus Montana (NDV) and feline herpesvirus KS 285 (FHV) were generated in vitro simulating pH and temperature conditions according to raw sausage fermentations. Investigations showed no antiviral effect of sakacin A and nisin on MNV, H1N1, FHV and NDV. Furthermore, the antiviral potential of D,L-lactic acid was determined for MNV and H1N1. At raw sausage-related pH values (5.0-6.2) it could be shown that the virus titre for MNV and H1N1 was reduced by a maximum of 3.25 log and 2.5 log units, respectively. In addition, 29 culture supernatants of different bacteria species, mainly LAB and staphylococci, were tested for their antiviral activity against MNV. Only the cell-free supernatant of a Lb. curvatus strain showed a higher virus titre reduction of MNV by 1.25 log units compared to the control. Further studies on the characterisation of this cell-free supernatant were carried out, however, the antiviral substance could not be identified so far.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Bacteriocins/pharmacology , Culture Media/pharmacology , Lactic Acid/pharmacology , Lactobacillaceae/chemistry , Viruses/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/metabolism , Bacteriocins/metabolism , Culture Media/metabolism , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Lactobacillaceae/metabolism , Viruses/growth & developmentABSTRACT
A new bovine collagen prosthesis (SOLCOGRAFT P) was tested clinically. Previous biophysical and animal experiments had yielded promising results, including a modulus of elasticity closely resembling that of human arteries. Eighty-four prostheses were implanted in the femoro-popliteal and 20 in the femoro-infrapopliteal positions. While the cumulative patency rates were acceptable (86% after one year, 74% after two years, 69% after 3 years, and 59% after four years), the cumulative aneurysm rate was unacceptably high (2.2% after one year, 16.9% after two years, 36.6% after three years and 42.6% after four years). We comment on the reasons why the actual incidence of aneurysms in biografts has been underestimated in the past. The management of graft aneurysms and the remaining indications for reconstructive surgery with the SOLCOGRAFT P are also discussed.