Effects of silane application on luting fiber posts using self-adhesive resin cement.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of different glass-fiber post surface treatments on the bond strength to root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty bovine incisors were used in this study. After removing the crowns, the teeth were endodontically treated. The roots were randomly divided into five groups according to post surface treatment. The groups were as follows: CO (Control) - no treatment; G1 - RelyX Ceramic Primer (silane) only; G2 - silane and Solobond M; G3 - silane and Scotchbond Adhesive; G4 - silane and Excite. For post cementation, RelyX Unicem was used according to the manufacturer's recommendation and the roots were stored in a light-proof container with 100% relative humidity for 24 h. The specimens were transversally sectioned. Subsequently, the cervical, middle, and apical regions of the root were positioned in a push-out device and tested at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine (Instron). The data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. The fractured specimens were then observed under a stereoscopic loupe at 60X magnification. RESULTS: No significant difference in bond strength was found among the groups that received a silane or silane plus an adhesive system (p > 0.05). However, the CO (no silane) showed the lowest bond strength. Regarding G1, G2, G3, and G4, the cervical region of the root canal attained better bond strengths than did the middle or apical regions. The most frequent failure mode occurred at the cement/dentin interface. CONCLUSION: Silane application may be necessary to improve the adhesion of fiber posts luted with the self-adhesive resin cement evaluated here. The application of an adhesive layer between the fiber post and resin cement did not have any influence on the bond strength when the silane coupling was previously used.

Seasonal distribution of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep in a semiarid region, northeastern Brazil.

The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution and gastrointestinal nematode parasite load in crossbred Santa Inês tracer lambs, and to correlate the rainfall during the study period with occurrences of parasitic infections. Sixty-four male tracer lambs between the ages of four and eight months were used in the study. Two tracer lambs were inserted into the herd every 28 days to determine the pattern of infective larvae available in the environment. Variation in the fecal egg count (FEC) of nematodes was observed at the study site, with many samples containing undetectable parasite loads during the dry season. The larvae identified in coprocultures were Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. The nematodes recovered at necropsy were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichuris sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Skrajabinema ovis. The total number of larvae and the total number of immature and adult forms recovered from the tracers showed seasonal distributions that significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall received that month (p value ≅ 0.000 in all cases ). The species H. contortus was predominant in the herd and should be considered to be main pathogenic nematode species in these hosts under these conditions.

Seasonal distribution of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep in a semiarid region, northeastern Brazil / Distribuição sazonal de infecção por nematóides gastrintestinais em ovinos em área semiárida, nordeste do Brasil

The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution and gastrointestinal nematode parasite load in crossbred Santa Inês tracer lambs, and to correlate the rainfall during the study period with occurrences of parasitic infections. Sixty-four male tracer lambs between the ages of four and eight months were used in the study. Two tracer lambs were inserted into the herd every 28 days to determine the pattern of infective larvae available in the environment. Variation in the fecal egg count (FEC) of nematodes was observed at the study site, with many samples containing undetectable parasite loads during the dry season. The larvae identified in coprocultures were Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. The nematodes recovered at necropsy were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichuris sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Skrajabinema ovis. The total number of larvae and the total number of immature and adult forms recovered from the tracers showed seasonal distributions that significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall received that month (p value ≅ 0.000 in all cases ). The species H. contortus was predominant in the herd and should be considered to be main pathogenic nematode species in these hosts under these conditions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a distribuição sazonal e a carga parasitária de nematóides gastrintestinais em cordeiros traçadores, mestiços da raça Santa Inês, e relacionar a ocorrência dessas infecções com a variável chuva no mês. Foram utilizados 64 animais, machos, com idade variando entre quatro e oito meses. Em intervalos de 28 dias, dois traçadores foram inseridos no rebanho para determinar o padrão de disponibilidade de larvas infectantes no ambiente. Variação na contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) de nematóides foi observada no local do estudo, com alta frequência de amostras com carga parasitária indetectável no período seco. Das coproculturas foram identificadas larvas de Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp.,Strongyloides sp. e Oesophagostomum sp. Os nematóides recuperados à necropsia foram Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichurissp., Oesophagostomum sp. e Skrajabinema ovis. O total de larvas, de formas imaturas e de adultos recuperados dos traçadores, mostraram distribuição sazonal significativamente relacionada com a ocorrência de chuva no mês (valor-p ≅ 0,000, para todos os casos, ). A espécie H. contortus foi predominante no rebanho e deve ser considerada a espécie de nematóide mais importante nesses hospedeiros, sob as condições do estudo.