The role of laboratory-scale bioreactors at the semi-continuous and continuous microbiological and biotechnological processes.

Laboratory-scale bioreactors represent an important part of microbiological, biotechnological, and biochemical researches. The small volume bioreactors enable the biomass growth, extracellular metabolite production, solid-state fermentation, and biocatalytic processes in a controlled open system. Using the lab-scale bioreactors, the processes which were optimized in experiments can be scaled up to a pilot level. In turn, the manufacturing scale processes can be scaled down to study the heterogeneity of the system and its effect on the producer. This mini-review is focused on a short description of features of the most popular designs of continuous and semi-continuous bioreactors applied at the present time as well as their application area.

[THE METHOD CHOICE OF OPERATIVE INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC DEFECTS OF COVERING TISSUES OF TRUNK AND EXTREMITIES].

Results of 242 patients treatment, suffering the trunk and extremities covering tissues defects, which have had occur as a consequence of mechanical injury in a 2008 ­ 2016 yrs period, were analyzed. There were 697 оperative interventions performed, of them 492 (70.6%) ­ aiming to restore the tissues injured. The choice of method of the correcting intervention and the tissues defects covering have depended upon the wound dimension and depth, as well as peculiarities of hemodynamics in the area injured. Application of differentiated approach to choice of method for the wound surfaces closure, which were created as a consequence of mechanical injury, have had permitted to achieve satisfactory results in 98.75% of patients.

[PECULIARITIES OF THE TREATMENT TACTICS IN CLOSURE OF DEFECTS OF COVERING TISSUES OF TRUNK AND EXTREMITIES OF MECHANICAL ORIGIN].

Results of treatment of 242 patients, to whom 697 оperative interventions were done, including 492 (70.6%) ­with restoration of the injured soft tissues and other trunk and extremities structures ­were analyzed. Choice of the correcting intervention method and closure of the covering tissues defect have depended on the wound dimensions and depth, peculiarities of hemodynamics in the area injured. Application of Lacert preparation for the traumatic injury consequences made spectrum of treatment options in patients, suffering covering tissues defect,broader. Differential approach to choice of procedure for the wound surface closure have permitted to achieve satisfactory results in 98.75% of patients.

[MODERN APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF A DONOR'S WOUNDS IN THE INJURED PERSONS WITH THE BURNS].

The impact of the treatment method proposed, using antioxidant therapy in patients, suffering the burns, on the speed and efficacy of the donor's wounds healing in their extremities was studied. In a control group of patients a standard treatment of the donor's wounds in extremities was conducted, while in the main group of patients the treatment was added with lymphotropic injection of antioxidant preparation Mexidol. Due to application of the method proposed, the wounds healing in the main group of the injured persons have had occurred significantly faster, than in the patients of a control group, and the complications of the wounds healing were absent.

[DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO CLOSING OF WOUND SURFACES TRUNK AND EXTREMITIES AFTER ITS MECHANICAL DAMAGE].

The results of examination and treatment of 231 patients on defects covering tissues of the trunk and limbs were presented. The severity of the injury determined by classification A. V. Kaplan, O. M. Markova. In 10 patients wound treatment method used, developed in the clinic, using the combined preparation of hyaluronic acid with sodium succinate (Latsert), ensuring efficiency of treatment. Differentiated approach to the selection of closing wound surfaces method caused by mechanical damage, allowed to achieve satisfactory results in 97.84% of cases.

[Correction of neurotrophic disorders in patients, suffering consequences of a spinal cord and peripheral nerves trauma].

On clinical base of cathedra of the disasters medicine, military medicine, anesthesiology and reanimatology in 2010 - 2013 yrs 62 patients were treated for neurotrophic disorders, in 12 of them the method was applied, elaborated in the clinic. For neurotrophic ulcers in 5 patients autodermoplasty was performed, using splitted cutaneous flap, in 1 for the wound defect on a forearm--plasty, using rotational cutaneo-adipose flap, based on axial blood supply. In 44 patients after a spinal cord trauma a neurotrophic defects degree III - IV have formed. The kind of operative intervention was selected depending on size of the defect, the wound depth and functional peculiarities of the injured area. Introduction of a new method of treatment of neurotrophic ulcers of the lower extremities, using preparation of hyaluronic acid with sodium succinate, expands the perspectives of treatment in patients, suffering defects of cover tissues. Differentiated approach to choice of the wound closure method, caused by damage of central and peripheral neural system, have permitted to achieve positive results in 98.1% of patients.

[Experience of treatment of diabetic foot syndrome].

In The Clinic of Cathedra of The Catastrophes Medicine, Military Medicine, Anesthesiology and Reanimatology in 2010 - 2013 yrs 53 patients, ageing 23-65 yrs, were treated for diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) of neuropathic and mixed forms. Diagnostic-treatment algorithm was proposed for determination of level and degree of a circulation and neuropathic disorders, introduction of which have promoted optimization of surgical and local treatment, improvement of the complex treatment results in patients, suffering DFS. A new method of treatment application, using combined preparation of hyaluronic acid with the sodium succinic, have permitted to achieve a complete healing of the ulcer defect.

[Surgical treatment of a wound defects of torso and extremities].

The results of examination and treatment of 179 patients, suffering the wound defects, localized on corpus and extremities, were presented. The patients were divided on groups, depending on the etiology of the defect, they were examined in accordance to algorithm proposed. Ultrasound duplex scanning was applied for diagnosis of regional hemodynamics disorders with the objective to choose a correcting intervention and investigation of a donor site vessels. The surgical tactics choice have depended on anatomic-functional and hemodynamical peculiarities of the affected locus present. In all the patient a microbiological monitoring of wounds was conducted and a rational antibioticotherapy prescribed.

[Studies of Ca2+ -dependent smooth muscle mitochondria swelling using flow cytometry and spermine effects on this process].

In the experiments, which were carried out using flow cytometry on isolated uterus mitochondria of nonpregnant rats, conditions for studying Ca2+-induced increase in nonspecific permeability of mitochondial membrane were tested. Fluorescent probe nonyl acridin orange was used to determine the purity of isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial swelling induced by addition of Ca2+ or alamethicin was detected as a decrease in light side scattering (SS). It was shown that mitochondrial swelling in the presence of 100 microM Ca plus 1 microM A23187 was 86 +/- 4% compared with maximal response after alamethicin treatment. The calcium-induced swelling of mitochondria was inhibited by the addition of 5 microM cyclosporin plus 40 microM ADP. Mitochondrial swelling was inhibited by spermine at a dose of 0.1 micromol/mg or induced at a dose of 10 micromol/mg. It was supposed that the experimental approach proposed in this paper can be useful for mitochondrial pore modulating effectors screening.