Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Outpatients/psychology , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Telemedicine , Urology/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Aged , COVID-19 , Educational Status , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Pandemics , Physician-Patient Relations , SARS-CoV-2 , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
A comparative study on hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytosolic glutathione (GSH) S-transferase was performed in both sexes of C3Hf, C57BL/6J and DBA/2 mice. In control and phenobarbital (PB)-induced mice similarities in hepatic microsomal activities were found with slight variations among strains and sexes. The Ah locus nonresponsive DBA/2 mice showed uninduced microsomal activities after beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), as expected; the other two strains were induced by BNF to a similar extent. Differences in cytosolic GSH S-transferase were detected among strains and sexes; C57BL/6J mice showed the highest basal and induced levels. The males of all the three strains examined were found to have higher GSH S-transferase activity than females.
Subject(s)
Aminopyrine N-Demethylase/metabolism , Liver/enzymology , Mice, Inbred Strains/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/metabolism , Nitroanisole O-Demethylase/metabolism , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Animals , Cytosol/enzymology , Female , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL/metabolism , Mice, Inbred DBA/metabolism , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) levels were determined in bone marrow cells of DBA/2 and C57BL/6J mice at 18, 24, 30 and 48 h after treatment with 10 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CP), 300 mg/kg urethane or 25 mg/kg N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). DBA/2 mice showed higher SCE frequencies than C57BL/6J mice at all time points examined after CP and urethane treatment, whereas NMU administration resulted in similar SCE levels in both strains. After CP and urethane treatments, SCE values reached the highest level at 18 h, were similarly high at 24 and 30 h, and returned to base-line level at 48 h. In NMU-treated mice, the SCE values had the same level at 18, 24 and 30 h and returned to normal at 48 h. The results are interpreted as indicating that different metabolic capabilities are responsible for the difference in SCE response in the two strains.
Subject(s)
Carcinogens/pharmacology , Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Male , Methylnitrosourea/toxicity , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL/genetics , Mice, Inbred DBA/genetics , Time Factors , Urethane/toxicityABSTRACT
Following surgery for a chronic subdural haematoma, a 74-year-old patient received fosphenytoin as prophylaxis for epilepsy. The patient received 10 times the prescribed dose. This error in the administration of fosphenytoine was facilitated by a confusing labeling of the product. The phenytoin blood level was 79 micrograms.mL-1. The main adverse effect was a coma requiring 5 days of mechanical ventilation. No adverse cardiovascular event was noted. The phenytoin blood levels returned toward the therapeutic range in 8 days. At discharge from the hospital 20 days after surgery, the patient did not have any sequela from the fosphenytoin intoxication.