Cu2+-dependent hydrolysis of O-hexyl 2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate by reptile sera.

This study shows the EDTA-resistant, Ca2+ and Cu2+-dependent hydrolysis of O-hexyl 2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate (HDCP) compound in reptiles sera determined by spectrophotometry UV/Vis and chiral chromatography. Samples of ten reptile species were incubated with aliquot of 100 or 400 µM HDCP in presence of 100 or 300 µM Cu2+, or 2.5 mM Ca2+ or 5 mM EDTA at 37 °C for 30-60 min. The results shown an activator effect of Cu2+ on HDCP hydrolysis in freshwater turtles sera (Trachemys scripta, Chelydra serpentina and Macrochelys temminckii) because the levels of 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCP; product hydrolysis) were similar (∼37 µM DCP) to chicken serum (positive control group). The marine turtles (Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricata) and crocodiles (Crocodylusacutus and Crocodylus moreletii) showed ∼50% less HDCPase activity (13-17 µM DCP) compared to the HDCPase activity of the freshwater turtle species. Terrestrial reptile species (snakes and lizards) showed around 25% of activity (7-13 µM DCP) with both copper concentrations. These Cu2+-dependent hydrolysis were stereospecific to R(+)-HDCP (p˂0.05) in the three freshwater turtle species that showed similar hydrolysis to the chicken serum. However, the Ca2+ did not show a significant activating effect on the HDCPase activity (1-8 µM DCP) in any reptile serum. Their hydrolysis levels were very similar to those of EDTA-resistant activity. The present study demonstrates a Cu2+-dependent A-esterase (HDCPase) activity in turtles and points serum albumin as the cuproprotein responsible for this activity, reinforcing its N-terminal sequence (DAEH) as a catalytic center.

[Mature teratoma with malignant differentiation treated with peritonectomy with HIPEC]. / Teratoma maduro con diferenciación maligna tratado con peritonectomía con HIPEC.

Background: Mature teratomas belong to the group of germ line ovarian tumors; they generally have benign behavior. Malignant transformation occurs in 0.2% to 1% of tumors. The objective is to show the results of peritonectomy with HIPEC in the treatment of a mature teratoma with malignant differentiation with signet ring cells. Clinical case: 43-year-old woman diagnosed with mature malignant teratoma with signet ring cells. It was performed optimal primary cytoreduction surgery, total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, peritonectomy, appendectomy, cholecystectomy and splenectomy adding intraoperative hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC). Conclusions: Malignant transformation of a mature teratoma of the ovary is a rare event, but not exceptional. HIPEC was used after optimal cytoreduction, with good results, since the patient is in a disease-free period of 36 months. It is necessary to report cases in order to compare different types of treatment to improve oncological results.

Introducción: los teratomas maduros pertenecen al grupo de los tumores de ovario de estirpe germinal; por lo general, tienen un comportamiento benigno. La transformación maligna ocurre en un rango de 0.2 a 1% de los tumores. El objetivo es mostrar los resultados de peritonectomía con HIPEC en el tratamiento de un teratoma maduro con diferenciación maligna con células en anillo de sello. Caso clínico: mujer de 43 años de edad, con diagnóstico de teratoma maduro maligno con células en anillo de sello. Se realizó cirugía de citorreducción primaria optima; histerectomía total, salpingooforectomía bilateral, peritonectomía, apendicectomía, colecistectomía y esplenectomía, además de quimioterapia hipertérmica intraoperatoria (HIPEC). Conclusiones: la transformación maligna de un teratoma maduro del ovario es un evento raro, pero no excepcional. Se utilizó HIPEC posterior a la citorredución óptima y hubo buenos resultados, ya que la paciente lleva un periodo libre de enfermedad de 36 meses. Es necesario el reporte de casos a fin de comparar diversos tipos de tratamiento para mejorar resultados oncológicos.

Metastases of ductal carcinoma of the breast in the esophagus. Case report / Metástasis de carcinoma ductal de mama en esófago. Reporte de un caso

Background: Invasive breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in women, 23% of all cancers in the world. It is classified according to its histological pattern and expression of immunohistochemical markers; 75% are ductal type. The incidence of metastases is 10 to 80% of the cases according to their immunophenotype, the main sites of metastases are bone, visceral and brain. Clinical case: A 64 years old lady with a history of radical left mastectomy due to unspecified breast cancer in 2000, received chemotherapy, radiation therapy and tamoxifen. After her discharge from hospital, the patient remained unattended. In 2014 she started with dysphagia, in 2016 was documented esophageal stricture by panendoscopy, three endoscopic dilations were performed, in the last one she presented incidental perforation. An esophagectomy was performed; the pathological study reported metastasis of ductal carcinoma of the breast. Conclusions: Ductal carcinoma of the breast rarely metastasizes to the digestive tract but, its probability must have this and insist on monitoring of patients after their cancer treatment.

Introducción: el cáncer de mama es la neoplasia maligna más común en mujeres, 23% a nivel mundial. Se clasifica según su patrón histológico y expresión de marcadores de inmunohistoquímica; hasta 75% son de tipo ductal. La incidencia de metástasis es de 10 a 80% según su inmunofenotipo, ocurren principalmente en hueso, vísceras y cerebro. Caso clínico: mujer de 64 años, con antecedente de mastectomía radical izquierda por carcinoma de mama no especificado en el 2000, recibió quimioterapia, radioterapia y tamoxifeno. Posterior a su alta hospitalaria la paciente permaneció sin vigilancia. En el 2014 inició con disfagia a sólidos, en el 2016 se documentó estenosis esofágica por panendoscopía, le realizaron tres dilataciones endoscópicas, en la última con perforación incidental. Se realizó esofagectomía; el estudio de patología reportó metástasis de carcinoma ductal de mama. Conclusiones: el carcinoma ductal de mama raramente da metástasis a tubo digestivo, no obstante, su probabilidad se debe tener presente e insistir en la vigilancia de las pacientes después de concluir su tratamiento contra el cáncer.