ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Microbial communities residing in the gut play a major role in the communication between the gut and the brain through neural, immune, and hormonal routes. Changes in abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria can affect health of individuals. Conversely, drugs, disease, diet and other factors can alter the gut microbiome. However, there is limited information on the effect of exogenous factors on gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated whether a beneficial bacterium, the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506, can stimulate the gut-brain axis using Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The animals were divided into two groups: one received L. plantarum IS strain 10506 supplementation, while the control group received no treatment. Activation of the gut-brain axis was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of intestinal and brain serotonin (5-HT) and brain neurotrophin (NT), serotonin transporter (5-HTT), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. RESULTS: The results showed that BDNF (p< 0.000), NT (p< 0.000007), and 5-HTT (p< 0.000007) expression was upregulated in the brain along with intestinal 5-HT (p< 0.000) level in rats treated with L. plantarum strain IS-10506 relative to the control group. CONCLUSION: The probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 stimulates the gut-brain axis and can potentially promote brain development and function.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with CP have a lower life expectancy than the general population. The objective of the study is to investigate the risk factor of mortality in Indonesian children with CP. METHODS: An observational analytic study was conducted using medical records at pediatric ward Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 2014 to December 2016. Inclusion criteria was all of CP patients in that were hospitalized from 6 months to 14 year of age. Mortality information was obtained from annual computer and matched against the subjects with CP on the basis of name, date of birth, type of disability, degree of disability, nutritional status and the outcomes. Risk factors were counted using logistic regression. RESULT: Fifty five children were enrolled. The outcome revaled 12 patients (21.8%) were death. Pneumonia was the most common underlying disease cause of death (OR=5.185;95% CI 1.249 to 21.520;Psize 8 < 0.007). Other risk factors of mortality that significant were acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR=3.333;95% CI 1.317 to 8.436;Psize 8 < 0.03). and Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) more than level IV (OR=1.480;95% CI 1.184 to 1.850;Psize 8 < 0.006). CONCLUSION: Pneumonia, AKI and severe GMFCS level were risk factors of death in patients with CP. J. Med. Invest. 65:18-20, February, 2018.