Relationship satisfaction and self-esteem in patients with breast cancer and healthy women: the role of expected and actual personal projects support from the partner.

BACKGROUND: For breast cancer patients, the partner's support for personal projects can serve as a means of adaptation. We aimed to investigate the associations between the intimate partner's personal project support and women's well-being. METHODS: A sample of 274 Hungarian women (breast cancer patients n = 137, control n = 137) took part in the study. Expected and actually received autonomy-, directive- and emotional project support was assessed by the procedure of Personal Project Assessment. Well-being was measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. For investigating the associations between project support and well-being in a multivariate way, structural equation modelling was used. RESULTS: Except for autonomy support, participants expected more support than they received. A path model indicated multiple associations between types of project support and relationship satisfaction and self-esteem. The partner's emotional project support was predictive of women's relationship satisfaction and self-esteem, while directive support was predictive of self-esteem only. The associations showed similar patterns in the subgroups of patients with breast cancer and control. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the importance of involving women's subjective perspectives regarding the partner's project support while also have implications for praxis. Teaching women how to communicate their needs to their partner effectively (whether it is the need for autonomy or directive guidance) can help close the gap between expected and received support, which may in turn enhance relationship satisfaction and self-esteem.

Medical educators' experiences on medically unexplained symptoms and intercultural communication-an expert focus group study.

BACKGROUND: Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are highly prevalent and remain challenging in healthcare and medical education, along with the increase in the importance of intercultural issues regarding MUS. However, less is known about the challenges of professionally addressing patients with MUS in the interprofessional and intercultural contexts. Thus, the present study aims to provide the first exploration of the experiences of medical specialists regarding treating MUS in intercultural contexts and inputs for training development on the intercultural aspects of MUS. METHODS: Three focus groups (total n = 13) consisting of medical specialists from a Hungarian university who were teaching at the medical faculty in intercultural settings and also worked for the university health services were interviewed. The topics covered the participants' personal experiences on addressing MUS and the challenges of intercultural communication and the intercultural educational context. Thematic analysis was used to yield a qualitative account of the interviews as guided by the research questions. RESULTS: Representing the different aspects of medical specialists, the study identified three main themes in the experiences of medical specialists, namely, 1) the need to adapt to the personal world of patients and search for common frames to understand MUS, 2) the need to discover methods for adapting to cultural differences and 3) the need to enhance the interprofessional coordination of knowledge and practices. CONCLUSIONS: The results are in line with the distinct conclusions of previous studies. Moreover, an integrated educational program on the intercultural aspects of MUS may address the main themes separately and, subsequently, support their integration. Therefore, the study discusses the manner in which an integrated educational program on the intercultural aspects of MUS may address the needs recognized in these aspects.

Cooperation and conflict in romantic partners' personal projects: the role of life domains.

Personal projects represent a person's pursuits in different life domains. The present study examines the orientations of adults' personal projects and how these orientations are embedded in the dynamics of romantic relationships. Cross-sectional data from 249 married or cohabitating Hungarian heterosexual couples were collected (mean age 42 ± 10.76 and 39.64 ± 10.21 years for male and female partners, respectively). An adapted version of the Personal Project Assessment procedure was completed by both partners individually. Four of their chosen projects were evaluated based on perceived cooperation and conflict regarding these projects and other predefined aspects. First, after applying a person-oriented approach, four meaningful content domains emerged from the thematically coded data using cluster analysis: (1) Practical, (2) Work-Life Balance, (3) Relationships, and (4) Learning and Growth orientations. For both genders, people with Learning and Growth orientation were younger than those with Practical orientation, and among women, the Work-Life Balance orientation group was older. Second, we linked the content domains to relationship experiences on the dyadic level. Both partners with Learning and Growth orientation goals perceived less cooperation. Female partners whose spouses had Work-Life Balance or Learning and Growth orientation goals perceived less conflict regarding their own goals. Overall, Learning and Growth-oriented goals can be considered more distant from the dynamics of romantic relationships because they involve fewer joint experiences and less cooperation and conflict.

[Social anxiety and the use of environmental self-regulation strategies].

INTRODUCTION: The prevention of social anxiety alone and in the prevention of comorbid diseases is key. In the present research, we examine subclinical-level social anxiety from a previously understudied perspective, in its asso ciation with environmental self-regulatory strategies. We use the theory of favorite places to describe environmental self-regulatory processes. The aim of the research is to determine how subclinical level social anxiety is related to the environmental self-regulatory processes taking place in favorite places. METHODS: In the study, we conducted an online questionnaire survey of 483 adults who were clinically healthy - 329 women (68.11%) and 154 men (31.88%). Respondents' social anxiety was assessed with the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire (BFNE-S), while environmental self-regulatory strategies were assessed with the Favorite Places Questionnaire. RESULTS: The extent of social anxiety was correlated with visiting favorite places in positive and negative emotional states, as well as the level of recovering and distressing experiences in the favorite place. Within the subsample characterized by elevated social anxiety, the pattern that visiting a favorite place helps a person regain his or her emotional balance primarily through the regulation of negative experiences was more characteristic. However, we found no correlation between the type of favorite place (e.g., place of residence, natural place) and the person's level of social anxiety. CONCLUSION: The research highlights that individuals with subclinical-level social anxiety are particularly active in using environmental self-regulatory processes to achieve their emotional balance. In prevention and clinical practice, it is worthwhile to monitor environmental self-regulatory processes and support for related needs, with particular emphasis on place use patterns.

Epidemiology and organisation of care in medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review with a focus on cultural diversity and migrants.

BACKGROUND: Since the pathophysiology of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) remains unclear, healthcare providers often struggle with these patients, especially with a different ethnic and/or cultural background. These challenges are insufficiently addressed in their training and in the organisation of care. AIM: To improve healthcare provider-patient interaction focused on MUS patients in general and in ethnic minorities and refugees in particular through a systematic review of syndromal definitions and epidemiology and organisation of care of MUS patients. METHODS: Screening of PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl and Cochrane Library on the keywords 'Medical unexplained (physical) symptoms (MUPS)', 'Somatoform disorder', 'Functional syndrome', 'Diversity', 'Migrants', 'Ethnicity', 'Care models', 'Medical education', 'Communication skills', 'Health literacy'. RESULTS: Different case definitions result in markedly different epidemiological estimates for MUS patients. Nevertheless, they are prevalent in a wide range of healthcare settings. Literature offers evidence of the effectiveness of structural frameworks in approaching MUS patients. Organisation of MUS care needs to transcend different levels of care: specialist tertiary and secondary care and primary care involving different qualifications of caregivers need to be aligned. CONCLUSION: The systematic review identified significant gaps and shortcomings in organisation of care. These need to be addressed in order to improve outcomes.

Does optimism weaken the negative effects of being lonely on suicide risk?

The present study investigated loneliness and optimism as predictors of suicide risk, specifically, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, in 457 Hungarian college students. Beyond the expected role of loneliness in suicide risk, being optimistic buffered the positive association between loneliness and suicide. The findings implicate the importance of fostering optimism for potentially lowering suicide risk among lonely college students.

[Assessment of health related quality of life among epileptic patients in the context of coping strategies and subjective disease perception]. / Epilepsziás betegek életminoség-vizsgálata a megküzdési stratégiákkal és a betegségészleléssel összefüggésben.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Psychosocial condition and life quality of epileptic patients are greatly determined by the existence of the disease-related comorbid disorders, like depression, anxiety, and the subjective disease perception, as well as the neuropsychological consequences of the seizures.It has been examined in patients living with epilepsy how subjective disease perception and coping strategies influence life quality, comorbid depression and the condition of anxiety. METHODS: Study patients were asked to fill in a self-completion questionnaire, which examined their psychosocial condition (HADS, Beck Depression Scale), life quality (Qolie-31), coping strategies (FKV-LIS), and subjective disease perception (IPQ-R), as well as sociodemographic and disease variables. The subjects of the study: the data of epileptic patients between the age of 18 to 70 was recorded. Patients were selected from the adult outpatients of a national centre, a regional hospital and two private health care centres located in Budapest. RESULTS: Based on the multiple regression analysis. Beck's depression (b coefficient=-0.351, t=-4.703, p<0.001**). Depressive coping strategy (FKV Dep) (b coefficient = -0.235, t=-3.123, p=0.002**). Subjective health perception (b coefficient =0.232. t=3.643, p<0.001**). Sex (women; b coefficient =-0.162, t=-3.008, p=0.003**). IPQ consequences (b coefficient =-0.161, t=-2.572, p=0.012*). Active coping strategy (FKV Act; b coefficient =0.146, t=2.572, p=0.012*). Type of seizure (b coefficient =-0.138, t=-2.527, p=0.013*), and Sleep quality (b coefficient =-0.125, t=-1.995, p=0.049) explain some 75.6% of the variance of life quality's total score (model3: F=33.333, p<0.001**. adjusted R2=0.733). CONCLUSION: Among the factors of the subjective disease perception (IPQ-R), the physical, mental and social consequences play the most important role. Similarly, the impact of negative emotional representation, as well as the erratic nature of the seizures are decisive. Emotional representation, cyclicity and disease coherence have an important role in coping with disease-related negative emotions.

Factors affecting quality of life in Hungarian adults with epilepsy: A comparison of four psychiatric instruments.

PURPOSE: We investigated the impact of 19 factors on life quality in Hungarian patients with epilepsy. Wellbeing was evaluated by several inventories to investigate the impact of factors in more detail. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 170 patients. Wellbeing was evaluated with the WHO-5 Well-being Index (WHOQOL-5), Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS), and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Questionnaire (Qolie-31). We investigated their association with demographic characteristics, general health status, epilepsy, and its treatment. The impact of these factors on illness perception (Illness Perception Questionnaire, IPQ) was also studied. RESULTS: The four measures correlated highly significantly. In addition, the predictive power of factors was comparable with the four inventories as evaluated by Multiple Regression. Factors explained 52%, 41%, 63% and 46% in the variance of WHOQOL-5, SwLS, Qolie-31, and IPQ scores, respectively. However, associations with particular factors were instrument-specific. The WHOQOL-5 was associated with factors indicative of general health. SwLS scores were associated with health-related and several demographic factors. Neither showed associations with epilepsy-related factors. All four categories of factors were associated with Qolie-31 and IPQ scores. Factors had an additive impact on IPQ, but not on Qolie-31. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings reveal interactions between the method of life quality assessment and the factors that are identified as influencing life quality. This appears to be the first study that analyses the factors that influence illness perception in epilepsy patients, and suggests that the IPQ may become a valuable tool in epilepsy research.

Future orientation and suicide risk in Hungarian college students: Burdensomeness and belongingness as mediators.

We tested a model consistent with the notion that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness mediate the association between future orientation and suicide risk (viz., depressive symptoms and suicide ideation) in college students. The sample was comprised of 195 Hungarian college students. Results indicated that the negative associations found between future orientation and suicide risk outcomes were accounted for by both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The present findings highlight the importance of studying positive future cognitions in suicide risk and provide support for perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as potential proximal mechanisms associated with heighted suicide risk in adults.

Validity of the Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory in Hungarian adults.

The present research examined the validity of the Hungarian Frequency of Suicidal Ideation Inventory (FSII-H). In Study 1, among 457 Hungarian college students, confirmatory factor analysis supported a 1-factor model. In Study 2, among 241 Hungarian college students, the FSII-H correlated positively with measures of suicide risk factors, and negatively with suicide protective factors. The present findings are the first to provide promising evidence for the validity of a brief measure of suicide ideation frequency in a Hungarian population.

Health Psychology Services for People in Disadvantaged Regions of Hungary: Experiences from the Primary Health Care Development Model Program.

BACKGROUND: The importance of community health psychology in providing complex bio-psycho-social care is well documented. We present a mixed-method outcome-monitoring study of health psychology services in the public-health-focused Primary Health Care Development Model Program (2012-2017) in four disadvantaged micro-regions in northeast Hungary. METHODS: Study 1 assessed the availability of the services using a sample of 17,003 respondents. Study 2 applied a follow-up design to measure the mental health outcomes of the health psychology services on a sample of 132 clients. In Study 3, we conducted focus-group interviews to assess clients' lived experiences. RESULTS: More mental health issues and higher education predicted a higher probability of service use. Follow-up showed that individual and group-based psychological interventions resulted in less depression and (marginally) higher well-being. Thematic analysis of the focus-group interviews indicated that participants deemed topics such as psychoeducation, greater acceptance of psychological support, and heightened awareness of individual and community support important. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the monitoring study demonstrate the important role health psychology services can play in primary healthcare in disadvantaged regions in Hungary. Community health psychology can improve well-being, reduce inequality, raise the population's health awareness, and address unmet social needs in disadvantaged regions.

Flourishing Together: The Longitudinal Effect of Goal Coordination on Goal Progress and Life Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships.

Goal pursuit shapes people' everyday experiences and is deeply embedded within close relationships. Several studies have shown that goal support from romantic partners facilitates goal progress, and individual goal progress contributes to wellbeing. However, few pieces of research have examined the whole process, how efficient goal coordination in a romantic relationship contributes to life satisfaction through goal progress. In these studies, short time frames were used and only one aspect of goal coordination was examined. To generate more complex, long-term understanding we collected data from 148 married or cohabitating Hungarian heterosexual couples (mean age 39.71 ± 10.40 and 38.57 ± 10.00 years for men and women, respectively) in a two-wave longitudinal study with a year-long time window. Both partners individually completed an adapted version of the Personal Project Assessment and evaluated four chosen projects associated with project coordination (emotional support, communication, and cooperation) at baseline, and project attainment (progress, success, satisfaction) in the follow up. Life satisfaction was assessed during both waves. Results from the actor-partner interdependence mediation modeling revealed complete mediation, where project coordination increased project attainment one year later, and consequently associated with higher life satisfaction for both partners. The direct effect between project coordination and life satisfaction remained nonsignificant. This association indicates that for long-term life satisfaction, it is crucial to experience better goal outcomes as the result of the couple's collaborative effort.

[Health goals amongst patients with Crohn's disease.] / Egészséggel kapcsolatos célok Crohn-betegek körében.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease, have a significant impact on patients' lifestyle, requiring lifelong attention to health behavior. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate health-related goals, emotions related to health goals, the use of infocommunication tools and their associations. METHOD: 79 patients with Crohn's disease (59.5% female, mean age 40.7 years, SD = 11.89) participated in the study. They answered demographic and health behaviour questions and completed the Personal Health Plans Questionnaire, which assessed their personal health goals, positive and negative emotions about health goal(s), support for personal health goals from their physician, negative and positive effects (barriers/support) of achieving health goals, and digital technology and internet use. RESULTS: 70% of patients had at least 1 health goal. The health goals were classified into four categories: physical activity (43.6%), stress management (25.4%), nutrition (18%) and smoking cessation (7%). 71% of participants experienced at least average levels of positive emotions related to the health goal, but about 50% also experienced negative emotions. 51% of those with a health goal regularly use the internet and apps on smartphones. Infocommunication device use showed a medium-strength correlation with perceived health goal-related barrier/support (ρ = 0.55, p<0.01), support from the person's doctor (ρ = 0.45, p<0.05) and physical activity (ρ = 0.40, p<0.01). DISCUSSION: More than two-thirds of patients had a health goal; most of the goals were related to health behaviours that are also relevant to Crohn's disease, but few had healthy eating and smoking cessation as health goals. Half of those with a health goal regularly use the internet and apps on smartphones. Among health behaviours, physical activity was associated with infocommunication device use. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to investigate patients' health goals and infocommunication device use in the care of patients with Crohn's disease. This would allow the development of specific interventions to improve their health behaviour, which could increase the quality of life and disease prognosis. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(28): 1102-1110.

Improving disease management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the potential role of self-concordant health goals.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic gastrointestinal conditions that significantly impact patients' quality of life. Previous research indicates that patients with IBD have a higher prevalence of anxiety compared to the general population and other chronic diseases. This pilot study aimed to investigate the relationships between goal integration, positive and negative emotions, goal self-efficacy, and trait anxiety as the outcome variable, focusing on patients' self-management strategies. Drawing from the Self-Concordance Model (SCM) of Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the study explored how goal integration is associated with more fulfilling and enjoyable experiences and fewer negative emotions, ultimately improving psychological well-being. Health-related goals were evaluated using the Personal Project Analysis technique, while the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was utilized to measure general anxiety levels. Among the 141 participants with inflammatory bowel disease, 96 reported having health-related goals. Of these, 66 were female (68.75%), and 30 were male participants (31.25%). Path analysis revealed a moderate negative association between self-concordance (SC) and negative emotions, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of trait anxiety. Furthermore, the alternative model tested indicated that trait anxiety predicted a lower level of self-concordance. Setting well-integrated health goals involves an internal capacity, enabling patients to experience less negative emotions during self-management activities. Anxiety can hinder individuals from accessing their inner needs, resulting in less self-concordant aspirations and more negative emotions. These findings may contribute to developing prevention and intervention programs to enhance IBD patients' adherence to lifestyle changes, ultimately improving their overall well-being.

[Dyadic coping and well-being -- the Hungarian version of the Dyadic Coping Inventory]. / Parkapcsolati megkuzdes es jollet -- a Paros Megkuzdes Kerdoiv magyar valtozata.

INTRODUCTION: In studying coping processes, there is often a focus on individual coping while dyadic processes in couples are seldom addressed. Therefore we present here data with the Hungarian version of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) that was developed to assess dyadic forms of coping (e.g., stress communication, support, delegated and negative coping). METHODS: 473 adult participants, living in committed relationships (176 male and 296 female, aged 34,0 +/- 11,9 years) were involved in a questionnaire study. Along with the Hungarian version of the Dyadic Coping Inventory we assessed satisfaction with life (SWLS) and marital satisfaction (Marital Stress Scale). RESULTS: Subscales of the Dyadic Coping Inventory were found reliable and the expected factor structure for both the dyadic coping of oneself and the partner were replicable. Moreover, specific forms of dyadic coping accounted for significant amount of explained variance in life satisfaction (31,8 and 27,7% for male and female respondents) and marital satisfaction (1,8 and 48,5%). Results imply possible gender differences, since marital satisfaction of women was negatively predicted both by negative coping of oneself and the partner (betas=-0,174 and -0,152), and positively by the support of the partner and the evaluation of the common dyadic coping (betas= 0,255 and 0,187), whereas there was only one significant link in male respondents, supportive coping of oneself (beta= 0,320). CONCLUSIONS: Results show that 1. the Hungarian version of the DCI is a reliable and valid measure, and 2. there may be specific gender differences in dyadic coping that has to be considered when planning further research, training programs and therapeutic interventions for couples.

Assessing meaningful work among Hungarian employees: testing psychometric properties of work and meaning inventory in employee subgroups.

BACKGROUND: The construct of meaningful work (MW) has become the subject of various studies. Workers who experience MW have higher career and organizational commitment, report fewer days absent, and are characterized by a higher level of well-being. The aim of this study is to test a measure of MW, the Work and Meaning Inventory by Steger et al. This measure was created on theoretical background, and it constructs MW from three dimensions: psychological meaning, meaning-making, and greater good motivation. METHODS: The analysis was conducted in a Hungarian sample (N = 2,498), using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multiple-group CFA. RESULTS: The three-dimensional model of the WAMI was confirmed in the analysis. In our study, the measure proved to be reliable, even in the test-retest analysis. Moreover, the discriminant and convergent validity of the WAMI was tested, with various relevant constructs: the presence and the search for life meaning, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction. Also a multiple-group CFA was conducted with the three-factor model, confirming measurement invariance regarding sex and working position. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the original version of the WAMI, the three-dimensional model was confirmed, with good psychometric properties in the Hungarian working context.

Finding a Secure Place in the Home during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Pattern-Oriented Analysis.

In challenging times, home is frequently the primary basis of environmental self-regulation processes, individual and relational coping, and well-being. This study aimed to identify multiple types of security experiences at home during the first lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used data from 757 Hungarian adults who completed the online, modified form of the Emotional Map of the Home Interview method in 2020 after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants imagined their homes, chose the place of security in their homes and rated their personal experiences (i.e., experiences of agency, communion, self-recovery, and distress) related to these places. Latent profile analysis of personal experiences revealed four types of relational-environmental self-regulation in secure places: "security in active self-recovery," "security in detachment," "security in doing and feeling good enough," and "security in stress and compensation." Profile membership was predicted by age, gender, and indices of psychological support and well-being. Results suggest that finding psychological security in the home is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be partly affected by the perception of the broader social-ecological context. Identifying subpopulations vulnerable to the challenges of the pandemic may help researchers and practitioners provide better support in times of local and global crises.

Preferred ways of giving birth in non-pregnant and pregnant nulliparous women: the role of control beliefs.

PURPOSE: To explore the association between delivery-specific, health-related control beliefs and preferred ways of delivery in nulliparous Hungarian women. Moreover, since data about the delivery-specific control beliefs and delivery-related preferences of non-pregnant nulliparous women are lacking, the present study also seeks to provide descriptive information in this regard. METHODS: A total of 984 Hungarian nulliparous women (26.45 ± 5.42 years; 660/77.2% non-pregnant and 224/22.8% pregnant) were included in the present study. The online assessment included measures of delivery-specific (internal-, healthcare professional-, and chance-related) health control beliefs, fears of childbirth, self-esteem, as well as preferences regarding delivery setting (i.e. spontaneous vaginal birth in hospital, planned cesarean birth and home birth). RESULTS: Healthcare professional-related control beliefs were associated with a stronger preference for spontaneous vaginal birth in hospital (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.56-2.23) and planned cesarean birth (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.60-2.40), alongside a weaker preference for home birth (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.25-0.39). In contrast, internal delivery-specific control beliefs predicted a weaker preference for planned cesarean (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.78) and a stronger preference for home birth (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.33-2.00). A general preference index for medicalized ways of delivery was negatively associated with internal - and positively with healthcare professional - and chance-related control beliefs (ßs = -.173, .074 and .445, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Delivery-related control beliefs are important psychological characteristics in the prediction of preferences for ways of delivery. Understanding delivery-specific control beliefs may be an important component of supporting women to give birth in a mentally and physically healthy way.

Striving for autonomy in everyday diabetes self-management-qualitative exploration via grounded theory approach.

OBJECTIVES: The rapid worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes significantly influences the lives of individuals, families and communities. Diabetes self-management requires personal autonomy and the presence of a supportive social environment. These attributes can considerably ameliorate the outcomes of the chronic condition. However, little is known about individual variations in overcoming the illness-related challenges and in the achievement of autonomy in daily activities. This paper seeks to bridge this knowledge gap. DESIGN: This qualitative study used the grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data collection and data analysis probed participant experiences of autonomy through the self-management of their daily socio-physical environments. SETTING: Participants were recruited from the outpatient ward of a university clinic in Hungary. PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted with 26 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (15 females and 11 males aged between 26 and 80 years; M=62.6 years; SD=13.1). The inclusion criteria were: T2D diagnosis at least 1 year before the beginning of the study; prescribed insulin injection therapy; aged over 18 years; native Hungarian speaker and not diagnosed with dementia or any form of cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The study established three principal aspects of the active construction of personal autonomy in diabetes self-management: coping strategies vis-à-vis threats posed by the symptoms and the treatment of the disease; autonomous ways of creating protective space and time and relationship processes that support everyday experiences of self-directedness. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm the validity of the self-determination theory in diabetes self-management. They also imply that pathways towards constructing everyday experiences of self-directedness in participants lead through self-acceptance, supporting family relationships and a doctor-patient relationship characterised by partnership. The tentative empirical model of pathways towards patients' experience of self-directedness can serve as a framework for future research, patient-centred clinical practice, and education.

[Correlation of social support and healthy lifestyle]. / A társas támogatás és az egészséges életmód összefüggései.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death accounting for 4 million deaths per year in Europe. Psychosocial factors explain at least 25-40% of the disease's prevalence beyond the well-known lifestyle factors. Isolation in adulthood is one of the main sources of chronic stress that raises the incidence of the disease. The low level of social support and social isolation are increasing the risk of depression and high blood pressure hence the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Aim: Our aim was to observe the correlation between social isolation and health behaviour. Furthermore, we have adapted the earlier validated Multidimensional Social Support Scale to the domain of health. Method: The data from 507 persons were collected online in 2018. Multidimensional Social Support Scale adapted to health, self-rated health, subjective means, short version of Beck Depression, shortened version of WHO Wellbeing, and Perceived Stress Scales were recorded. Results: Factor analysis verified the scale construction of the original 3-subscale structure (Cronbach alpha values = 0.945, 0.950 and 0.905). According to the regression models, social support received from friends we have observed to have moderately positive correlation with intensive exercises (B = 0.205, beta = 0.096, p = 0.093). Logistic regression model revealed that health-connected social support does not correlate with smoking, only education variable was related with it strongly, statistically significantly (B = -1.284, OR = 0.277, p<0.001). Conclusion: Multidimensional Social Support Scale has satisfactory stability and consistency to measure health-related social support. Social support showed correlation with the measures of mental health (depression, stress-level, wellbeing), and moderate association with intense exercises. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(4): 129-138.