A novel optimized eco-friendly simple spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of total catechins in green tea extract: Application to commercial tablet.

Green tea extract (GTE) contains antioxidants that are present in green tea. The active constituents of green tea extract are catechins. This study demonstrates a spectrofluorimetric method for measuring GTE's catechin concentration based on its native fluorescence. To design a quick, sensitive, and ecological spectrofluorimetric approach, all features were investigated and adjusted. This method relies on determining the GTE ethanolic solution's native fluorescence at 312 nm after excitation at 227 nm. The calibration graph displayed a linear regression for values between 0.05 and 1.0 µg mL-1. The detection and quantification limits of the proposed technique were 0.008 and 0.026 µg mL-1, respectively. Two pure catechins present in GTE, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, were examined by the proposed method. The analytical estimation of GTE in the pharmaceutical tablet was achieved effectively using this approach. An adequate degree of agreement was found when the findings were compared to those obtained by the comparative technique. Therefore, the novel strategy may be used in the GTE quality control study with minimal risks to people or the environment. The quantum yields of catechins were estimated. The validated technique was accepted by the International Council of Harmonization criteria.

Application of liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection for the determination of triclabendazole in tablets and biological fluids.

A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of triclabendazole with high accuracy and precision within 6 min. Good chromatographic separation was achieved using a CLC Shim-pack C8 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) using the mobile phase containing a mixture of 0.02 m phosphate buffer and methanol with a ratio of (20 : 80 v/v) at pH 4.0 was pumped at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with fluorescence detection for the first time at 338 nm after excitation at 298 nm. Losartan potassium was used as an internal standard. The method showed good linearity in the ranges of 0.05-2.0 µg/mL with limits of detection and quantification of 14.1 and 42.6 ng/mL, respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied for the analysis of triclabendazole in tablets. The high sensitivity of the method enabled the determination of the studied drug in spiked human plasma with mean percentage of recoveries of 99.79 ± 5.09. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed according to ICH Guidelines.

A New HPLC-DAD Method for the Concurrent Determination of Hydroquinone, Hydrocortisone Acetate and Tretinoin in Different Pharmaceuticals for Melasma Treatment.

A new simple and robust HPLC-DAD method was developed for the concurrent analysis of hydroquinone (HQ), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and tretinoin (TRN) triple combination for the first time using an Inertsil ODS 3-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) column with 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) and acetonitrile at a ratio of (10:90, v/v) as a mobile phase, eluted by an isocratic elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at 265 nm. Mefenamic acid was used as an internal standard (I.S.). The method produced linear responses in the concentration range of 10-200, 5-100 and 1-40 µg/mL, with detection limits of 2.01, 1.13 and 0.28 × 10-3 and quantitation limits of 6.11, 3.41 and 0.87 × 10-3 µg/mL for HQ, HCA and TRN, respectively, and a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9998. All validation requirements were satisfied by proving its linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and specificity. The method was extended for application in triple combination cream, HQ/TRN co-formulated cream and HQ and TRN single ingredient cream with a recovery >97%.

Micellar HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ethamsylate and Mefenamic Acid in Presence of Their Main Impurities and Degradation Products.

An eco-friendly sensitive, rapid and less hazardous micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of ethamsylate (ETM) and mefenamic acid (MFA) in the presence of hydroquinone (HQ) and 2,3-dimethylaniline (DMA) the main impurities of ETM and MFA, respectively. Good chromatographic separation was attained using Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) adopting UV detection at 300 nm with micellar mobile phase consisting of 0.12 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.3% triethylamine and 15% 2-propanol in 0.02 M orthophosphoric acid (pH 7.0) at 1.0 mL/min. The analytes were well resolved in <6.0 min, ETM (tR = 1.55 min), HQ (tR = 1.95 min), MFA (tR = 4.55 min) and DMA (tR = 5.80 min). Different validation parameters were examined as recommended by international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.5-18.0, 0.5-20.0, 0.01-0.5 and 0.02-0.2 µg/mL with limits of detection of 0.118, 0.159, 0.005 and 0.005 µg/mL and limits of quantification of 0.358, 0.482, 0.014 and 0.015 µg/mL for ETM, MFA, HQ and DMA, respectively. The suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of the two drugs in their bulk powder, laboratory-prepared mixtures, single-ingredient and co-formulated tablets. The obtained results were in accordance with those of the comparison method. The method can also detect trace amounts of HQ and DMA as the main impurities of ETM and MFA, respectively, within the BP limit (0.1%) for both impurities. Furthermore, it is a stability-indicating one for the determination of ETM in its pure form, single-component tablet and co-formulated tablets with other drugs.

Validated stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ribavirin in the presence of its degradation products: application to degradation kinetics.

Ribavirin was found to be liable to acidic, alkaline, oxidative and photolytic degradation. Hence, a simple, sensitive and stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of ribavirin in the presence of its degradation products. The analysis was carried out on an ODS C18 (250 × 4.6 mm i.d.) stainless steel column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The analysis was performed at ambient temperature with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 207 nm. Pyridoxine hydrochloride was used as an internal standard. The method showed good linearity over the concentration range of 2.0-40 µg/mL with limit of detection of 0.34 µg/mL and limit of quantification of 1.03 µg/mL. The suggested method was successfully applied for the analysis of ribavirin in its commercial capsules. Statistical evaluation and comparison of the data obtained by the proposed and comparison method revealed good accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The drug was exposed to forced alkaline, acidic, oxidative and photolytic degradation according to the ICH guidelines. Moreover, the method was utilized to investigate the kinetics of alkaline and acidic degradation of the drug. The apparent first-order rate constants, half-life times and activation energies of the degradation process were calculated.

Derivative spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride and aspirin in pharmaceuticals.

Two simple analytical methods were developed and validated for the analysis of a binary mixture of metoclopramide (MET) and aspirin (ASP). The first method depends on measuring the first derivative amplitudes at 257 nm for MET and at 310 nm for ASP, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.25-20.0 µg/mL for MET and 10.0-200.0 µg/mL for ASP. For the second method, good chromatographic separation was achieved using Promosil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size). Mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.02 M phosphate buffer in the ratio of 60:40 (v/v) at pH 4.0 was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 260 nm. Indapamide was used as an internal standard. The method showed good linearity over the concentration ranges of 0.20-10.0 and 10.0-200.0 µg/mL with limits of detection of 0.06, 1.81 µg/mL and limits of quantification of 0.17, 5.46 µg/mL for MET and ASP, respectively. The results of the proposed methods were statistically compared with those obtained by the official United States Pharmacopeia method revealing non-significant differences in the performance of the methods regarding accuracy and precision. The suggested methods were successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of the studied drugs in their co-formulated tablets as well as in their single dosage forms.

Micellar liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol in combined tablets: Application to biological fluids.

BACKGROUND: Levofloxacin hemihydrate (LEV) and ambroxol HCl (AMB) are available for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. A survey of the literature reveals that two reversed phase HPLC methods were e reported for the simultaneous determination of LEV and AMB in pharmaceutical preparations. However the reported methods suffers from the low sensitivity, no application of the method in the combined tablets and no application to biological fluids. Also the toxic effects of the used solvents which are harmful to human beings. For this reason, our target was to develop a simple sensitive, less hazardous micellar HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of LEV and AMB in their combined dosage forms and plasma. RESULTS: The method showed good linearity over the ranges of 1-44 µg/mL and 1-20 µg/mL with limits of detection 0.26 and 0.07 µg/mL and limits of quantification 0.80 and 0.20 µg/mL for LEV and AMB, respectively. The method was further extended to the determination of LEV in spiked human plasma with mean percentage recoveries of 100.10% ± 1.14 as well as determination of LEV in real human plasma without prior extraction. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed according to ICH Guidelines. CONCLUSION: The suggested method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of the studied drugs in their co-formulated tablets and human plasma. The mean percentage recoveries in combined tablets were 100.20 ± 1.64 and 100.72 ± 1.11 for LEV and AMB, respectively and 100.10 ± 1.14 for LEV in spiked human plasma. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the comparison method revealed good agreement and proved that there were no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the two methods respectively.