[Truncal mechanochemical versus thermal endovenous ablation for varicose vein disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis]. / Sistematicheskii obzor i metaanaliz rezul'tatov primeneniya stvolovoi mekhanokhimicheskoi i termal'noi obliteratsii u patsientov s varikoznoi bolezn'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of thermal and mechanochemical endovenous ablative techniques in patients with varicose veins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases for studies devoted to mechanochemical and thermal endovenous ablative techniques from inception until July 2021. The primary outcome was anatomical success. Secondary endpoints were intraoperative pain syndrome, complications, modification of disease severity and quality of life. RESULTS: This meta-analysis enrolled 10 comparative studies and 1.252 participants after truncal ablations. The follow-up period ranged from 4 weeks to 36 months. With regard to overall anatomical success, 245 out of 267 (91.8%) patients after mechanochemical ablation and 249 out of 266 (93.6%) patients after thermal ablation had favorable results after a month (low-quality evidence; odds ratio [OR] 0.79; 95% CI 0.40-1.55). No statistical heterogeneity was identified (χ2=1.48; df=2; p=0.48; I2=0%). Further analysis identified different incidence of total occlusion after 12 months or later (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.11-1.21; p=0.05; I2=68%). Mechanochemical ablation resulted less intraoperative pain. Mean difference was -1.3 (95% CI -2.53- -0.07; p=0.00001). MOCA was followed by fewer incidence of nerve injury, hematoma, deep vein thrombosis and phlebitis. There were more cases of skin pigmentation compared to thermal ablation (low-quality evidence, p>0.05). Subsequent assessment of disease severity identified significant between-group difference of means (-0.64 (95% CI -1.82-0.53; p=0.004) and -0.16 (95% CI -0.43-0.11; p=0.005) after 6 and 12 months, respectively). Further assessment of quality of life revealed no between-group differences. These data were characterized by moderate methodological quality. CONCLUSION: Mechanochemical ablation is as effective as standard TA within the first postoperative month. However, this approach is associated with lesser anatomical success after 12 months. In most studies, pain syndrome was less severe in case of mechanochemical ablation. These data suggest that mechanochemical ablation is a safe alternative for varicose veins. However, further large-scale trials are required to define the role of MOCA.

NotI clones in the analysis of the human genome.

Not I linking clones contain sequences flanking Not I recognition sites and were previously shown to be tightly associated with CpG islands and genes. To directly assess the value of Not I clones in genome research, high density grids with 50 000 Not I linking clones originating from six representative Not I linking libraries were constructed. Altogether, these libraries contained nearly 100 times the total number of Not I sites in the human genome. A total of 3437 sequences flanking Not I sites were generated. Analysis of 3265 unique sequences demonstrated that 51% of the clones displayed significant protein similarity to SWISSPROT and TREMBL database proteins based on MSPcrunch filtering with stringent parameters. Of the 3265 sequences, 1868 (57.2%) were new sequences, not present in the EMBL and EST databases (similarity < or =90%). Among these new sequences, 795 (24.3%) showed similarity to known proteins and 712 (21.8%) displayed an identity of >75% at the nucleotide level to sequences from EMBL or EST databases. The remaining 361 (11.1%) sequences were completely new, i.e. <75% identical. The work also showed tight, specific association of Not I sites with the first exon and suggest that the so-called 3' ESTs can actually be generated from 5'-ends of genes that contain Not I sites in their first exon.

Complex molecular structure of the gene coding for rat ceruloplasmin.

The distribution of ceruloplasmin-coding sequences among the fragments of rat nuclear DNA obtained after the complete digestion with seven restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, BamHI, BspI, HindIII, KpnI, BglII and XhoI) was studied using highly specific cDNA probes. Although only a single copy of this gene per rat haploid genome was detected in DNA-cDNA hybridization in solution, the number of restriction fragments carrying the sequences of ceruloplasmin (CP) gene varied from two to five, depending upon the enzyme used, and their total length was several times higher than the minimal length of CP-coding gene, as deduced from the size of mRNA (2.3 Md for double-stranded DNA). The partial double stranded DNA transcript of ceruloplasmin mRNA coding for about 70% of its length (from 3'-end) does not contain recognition sites for some restriction endonucleases generating multiple fragments of CP gene in cellular DNA. These data are consistent with a split pattern of CP gene which seems to consist of several exons and introns. The partial protection from S1 nuclease of discrete fragments of full-length cDNA after annealing with high molecular weight nuclear RNA is consistent with this assumption and seems to be an indication that exons and introns are joined into a functional unit coding for high mol wt. CP pre-mRNA.

Molecular cloning of double-stranded cDNA from the eye lens of the frog Rana temporaria: construction of the cDNA clonotheque and identification of a clone containing the nucleotide sequences of the lambda-crystallin gene.

Poly(A)+ RNA from the lens of the frog Rana temporaria contains three components (1200 +/- 50, 1000 +/- 50, and 900 +/- 50 bp in size) and a more heterogeneous RNA species with a length of 650-750 nucleotides. This RNA was used as a template for the AMV reverse transcriptase and Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase I and the total cDNA obtained was cloned in the PstI site of the pBR322 plasmid vector. Recombinant plasmids corresponding to abundant poly(A)+ RNA classes contain cDNA inserts from less than or equal to 200 to 1200 nucleotides in length. Part of the library (clonotheque) was divided into classes differing in the presence of absence of the restriction sites for BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII restriction endonucleases. The clones belonging to each of the five classes were characterized by the hybridization-translation test. The translation product of mRNA hybridizing with the clone pRT(1)294 has an M4 of about 22 000 and is specifically precipitated by the antiserum to lambda-crystallins of Rana temporaria. The size of the cDNA present in pRT(1)294, equal to 580 +/- 20 bp, is sufficient for coding the greater part of the lambda-crystallin amino acid sequence. On the basis of these data, we conclude that the clone pRT(1)294 codes for one of the frog lambda-crystallins.

[Nuclear precursors for ceruloplasmin-coding messenger RNA from rat liver]. / Iadernye predshestvenniki informatsionnoi RNK, kodiruiushchei tseruloplazmin, iz pecheni krysy.

The distribution of the sequences coding for ceruloplasmin (CP) in rat liver heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) was studied using highly specific CP cDNA as a hybridization probe. The content of CP-coding sequences in poly(A)-containing and poly(A)-free subfractions of hnRNA was shown to be respectively 1 and 27 equivalents of CP mRNA molecule per one hepatocyte. The gel electrophoresis of hnRNA under strongly denaturing conditions with the subsequent transfer of RNA to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper and hybridization with [32P]-cDNA probe showed that CP mRNA sequences were of multiple molecular weight distribution. In particular, 9.0, 6.6, 2.4 and 1.6 megadalton fractions of non-polyadenylate hnRNA carried CP-coding sequences while the only hand that hybridized to CP cDNA was detected in polyadenylated hnRNA. This band was of a molecular weight 1.1-1.2 megadaltons corresponding to that of cytoplasmic CP mRNA. The hybridization of high molecular weight hnRNA with full-length CP cDNA followed by the determination of the size of cDNA fragments protected against SI nuclease demonstrated that coding sequences of CP pre-mRNA are interrupted by intervening sequences.

[Enzymatic synthesis and molecular cloning of the pigeon alpha-globin structural gene]. / Fermentativnyi sintez i molekuliarnoe klonirovanie strukturnogo gena al'fa-globina golubia.

Double-stranded DNA synthesized from the pigeon globin mRNA by the subsequent actions of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and E. coli DNA polymerase I was split with nuclease S1 and inserted into PstI site in the plasmid pBR322 by poly(dG) times poly(dC) homopolymer extension technique using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. E. coli transformants have been shown to contain pigeon globin sequences by colony hybridization with pigeon globin [32P]cDNA. The inserted DNA fragment deleted from recombinant DNA by PstI treatment hybridizes with globin cDNA. The maximal length of the inserted fragment measured in agarose gel was found to be 550--560 base pairs. Inserted sequences subjected to analysis by hybridization with alpha- and beta-[32P]cDNA have been ascribed to the pigeon alpha globin chain. EcoRI, HindIII, BglII, SalI, BamHI, PstI restriction enzymes did not cleave the inserted DNA fragment. Pigeon DNA coding alpha-globin chain contains recognition sites for AluI, HindII and HaeIII restriction enzymes. Part of the recombinant clones remains resistant to ampicillin and therefore in some of these clones the globin gene could be expressed.

[Globin-coding sequences in the nuclear 28S pre-mRNA and in the cytoplasmic RNA of pigeon erythroid cells]. / Posledovatel'nosti, kodiruiushchie globin, v 28S pre-mRNK i v tsitoplazmaticheskoi RNK éritroidnykh kletok golubia.

The steady-state content of globin-coding sequences in nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA of pigeon erythroid cells was estimated by hybridization in the excess of nuclear 28S RNA and cytoplasmic poly(A) + RNA with [3H]DNA, synthesized on globin mRNA. Sequences of 9S globin mRNA are found in 0.06% of molecules of non-ribosomal 28S nuclear RNA (pre-mRNA) of erythroblasts and in 0.5% of molecules of non-ribosomal 28S nuclear RNA of reticulocytes. The content of globin mRNA in erythroblast cytoplasm is, respectively lower than in that of reticulocytes.

[Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of DNA complementary to ceruloplasmin mRNA from rat liver]. / Fermentativnyi sintez i kharakteristika DNK, komplementarnoi tseruloplazminovoi mRNK iz pecheni krysy.

Poly(A) containing rat liver 21S RNA homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions and stimulating the synthesis of ceruloplasmin in a cell-free proteinsynthesizing system, was used as a template for reverse transcription in the presence of T10 primer and highly purified reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus. The cDNA made this way was characterized by means of hybridization kinetics with mRNA, by melting of the hybrids formed and by chain length measurements. To increase the degree of representativity, the ceruloplasmin mRNA was fragmented by mild alkaline treatment, enzymatically polyadenylated and transcribed. The cDNA made was fully characterized and the kinetic complexity measured by hybridization with the mRNA was found to be equal to 2300 nucleotides as compared with the value of 3000 nucleotides is expected from gel electrophoresis data. The observed difference may indicate the presence of repeated sequences in the given mRNA. The sufficient representativitness of the synthesized cDNA and its specificity with respect to ceruloplasmin mRNA allows to use it as a molecular probe to study the ceruloplasmin gene structure.

[DNA polymorphism in the region of APOB100, APOCIII, APOE, and angiotensin-converting enzyme genes and indicators of the lipid spectrum in children and adolescents in St. Petersburg]. / Polimorfizm DNK v oblasti genov APOB100, APOCIII, APOE, angiotenzin- konvertiruiushchego fermenta i pokazateli lipidnogo spektra u detei i podrostkov Sankt-Peterburga.

Polymorphisms of 3 apolipoprotein genes Xba I apoB, Sstl apoCIII, and apoE and the insertion-deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (I/D ACE) and lipid levels were studied in a random sample of 403 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years living in St. Petersburg. The children were divided in 4 age groups with consideration for the relative body weight index: group 1.6 to 9 years; II, 10-12; III, 13-15; and IV, 16-18 years. The first three groups were divided by sex, the fourth was not because it was the smallest. Relationships between lipid levels and DNA polymorphisms of the above genes were analyzed in all groups. Effects of apoB Xbal, apoCIII Sstl, apoE, and ACE genotypes on the levels of the blood basic lipids were analyzed using Statgraphics software. A marked effect of the apoE (E3/E4) genotype on the total and LDL-cholesterol variability was observed in group IV. The individuals carrying the E4 apoE allele had increased levels of total and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.02 and p < 0.03, respectively). The level of triglycerides was higher in the subjects carrying the S2 apoCIII allele in the third group (p < 0.04). A statistically reliable difference was however observed only in girls (p < 0.01). We failed to detect reliable correlations between lipid levels and various apoB and ACE genotypes. Hence, the genetic variants of apoCIII and apoE genes affect the blood lipid levels as early as in adolescence.

[A modified method for spectrophotometry determination of monoamine oxidase activity with benzylamine as the substrate]. / Modifitsirovannyi metod spektrofotometricheskogo opredeleniia aktivnosti monoaminoksidazy s benzilaminom v kachestve substrata,

Modified assay of MAO activity with benzylamine as a substrate is described. The method is based on trapping benzaldehyde product of MAO-reaction by semicarbazide, introduced in samples in 0.6 N perchloric acid after the incubation period. Advantages and disadvantages of semicarbazide presence in incubation medium are discussed. Additional control containing 10(-3) mol/L semicarbazide was required during incubation.

[Effect of middle molecular weight peptides, isolated from blood of intact dogs and those with burns, on proteolysis in mouse tissue]. / Vliianie srednemolekuliarnykh peptidov, vydelennykh iz krovi intaktnykhi obozhzhennykh sobak, na proteoliz v tkaniakh myshei.

The median molecular-weight peptides (MMP), detected in blood of patients with burns and in that of experimental animals with burns, were shown to affect various systems in vivo. The MMP from the blood of intact dogs and of the animals with burns exhibited the modifying effect on proteolysis within acid and neutral pH ranges in liver and brain tissues of mouse. The MMP appears to be involved in the regulation of proteolysis both in normal state and in burns.

[The pathogenetic significance of antioxidant properties of middle molecular weight peptides in thermal burns]. / O patogeneticheskom znachenii antioksidantnykh svoistv srednemolekuliarnykh peptidov pri termicheskikh ozhogakh.

Antioxidative activity of middle mass peptides (MMP), obtained from blood of dogs with burns and of intact animals, was studied. "Lowry-chromogenic" amino acids containing in the MMP structure were responsible for the antioxidative activity. At the same time, this property of MMP was related also to their pathogenecity. The peptides were able to regulate lipid peroxidation in rats with thermic burns. Regulating effects of MMP on lipid peroxidation in pathogenesis of burns are discussed.

[Use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children with diseases of the bronchopulmonary system]. / Ispol'zovanie polimeraznoi tsepnoi reaktsii dlia diagnostiki tuberkuleza u detei s patologiei bronkholegochnoi sistemy.

A comprehensive study was conducted to determine the activity of tuberculous infection in 115 patients who formed 3 groups: 1) patients with primary forms of tuberculosis; 2) those who were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT); and 3) those who were infected with bronchopulmonary diseases. The detection of MBT DNA in the blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a highly sensitive four-primed diagnostic kit established that 80 patients with tuberculosis had positive results and their decrease as the patient had a course of tuberculostatic therapy. The fact that a third of patients from Groups 2 and 3 had highly positive results of PCR required that a preventive course of double therapy be used for 3 to 6 months.

[The use of fermented milk drink with topinambur for the treatment of Helicobacter infection in the liquidators of Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident]. / Ispol'zovanie kislomolochnogo napitka s topinamburom dlia lecheniia khelikobakterioza u likvidatorov posledstvii avarii na ChAES.

For estimation of anti-helicobacter activity of new fermented milk drink with Helianthus tuberosus called 23 liquidators of crash after-effects of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant were observed. Helicobacter pylori were determined in faeces by PCR-method, immune system readings--by first-level methods. The drink was applied in 200 grams portions during 18 days. After therapy appearance of Helicobacter pylori in faeces was reduced for 3 times. Reading of HCT-test, increased up to 16% in the first test before therapy, was normalized after therapy. Listed figures prove anti-helicobacter activity of fermented milk drink with Helianthus tuberosus.

["Medium weight molecules" as endogenous modulators of stress]. / "Srednie molekuly" kak éndogennye moduliatory stressa.

Blood fractions of medium-weight molecules (MWM) were isolated from healthy dogs and dogs exposed to burn injury stress (24 postburn hours). MWM caused a profound modulation of restriction-induced beta-adrenergic stress manifestations (lipolytic and glycogenolytic responses) in rats. Some MM fractions suppressed thymic hypoplasia, gastric ulceration and mediated bone marrow neutrophilic elimination in immobilized rats. Latency of insulin- induced coma was also mediated by MM. The MM fractions attenuating beta-adrenergic stress manifestations were capable of potentiating bone marrow neutrophilic depletion in immobilized rats. There was a relationship between the ability of MM to reduce thymic hypoplasia and potentiate insulin sensitivity. The findings are discussed from the biological point of view as to the stress-mediating MM properties.

[The analgesic and anti-stress effects of middle-molecule peptides in a normal state and in thermal burns]. / Anal'geticheskie i antistressornye éffekty srednemolekuliarnykh peptiodov v norme i pri termichekikh ozhogakh.

Fractions of medium-weight molecular peptides (MWP) were isolated from blood of intact dogs and those with burns, which possessed the property of increasing the latency of the pain reaction in mice by 23-28% after intravenous infusion. The analgesic properties of MWP change essentially in the first 24 hours after the burn. The dose dependences of the antinociceptive effect of MWP have a marked non-linear character. The studied MWP fractions also prevent involution of the thymus induced by 9-hour immobilization stress. An MWP fraction was isolated from the blood of dogs 12 hours after a burn; its intravenous infusion led to reduction of the thymus equal to that caused by 9-hour immobilization. The relationship of adaptational and damaging effects of MWP in thermal burns in discussed.

[Stress-modulating action of medium molecular weight peptides, isolated from blood of intact and burned animals]. / Stressmoduliruiushchee deistvie srednemolekuliarnykh peptidov, vydelennykh iz krovi intaktnykh i obozhzhennykh zhivotnykh.

Medium-weight molecular peptide (MMP) fractions isolated from blood of intact dogs and dogs with burns changed the response of rat thymus and bone-marrow neutrophilic granulocytes to 9-hour immobilization. Various MMP fractions were capable both of intensifying and decreasing the consequences of immobilization stress. Intravenous infusion of MMP isolated from blood of dogs with burns reproduced the effects of immobilization stress in relation to bone-marrow granulocytes. The limiting effect of MMP on stress-induced injury to the stomach was demonstrated. The MMP fractions also modified stress resistance of mice in the induced swimming test. The interrelation of the MMP stress-modulating activity and their property of aggravating the sequelae of thermal burn was demonstrated.

[Modulating action of intermediate molecular weight peptides on the course of experimental burn injury]. / Moduliruiushchee deistvie srednemolekuliarnykh peptidov na techenie ozhogovoi bolezni v éksperimente.

Preliminary injection of middle mass peptides (MMP) obtained from blood of intact dogs and dogs with burn injury aggravated the response of mice and rats to thermal injury. The mortality among mice with burns grew and the reaction of the lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen) of rats to the thermal burn was intensified. The aggravating action of MMP in mice correlated well with their damaging effect in experiments on human blood neutrophils. A MMP fraction possessing a protecting effect in burns in rats was isolated from the blood of intact dogs. The data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of the pathogenetic importance of MMP in burn disease.