"Inequalities in access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension across the capitals in different regions of Brazil: a population-based study".

BACKGROUND: To guarantee prevention and adequate treatment, as required for the population to have access to health services and technologies, including medicines. The purpose of this study is to analyse the economic and regional inequalities in access to medicines for diabetes and hypertension among the adult population in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with adults aged 18 and over from the VIGITEL study conducted in 2019 in all Brazilian regions. Non-access to antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs was assessed according to formal education and housing macro-region. The slope index of inequality (SII) was used to analyse absolute inequalities. RESULTS: The total number of individuals interviewed was 52,443. Approximately 10.0% of the people with diabetes and/or hypertension reported not having access to drug treatment. The major means for having access to antihypertensive drugs, in all regions, was private pharmacies; for antidiabetics, in the North region, people had greater access through private pharmacies, while in the Northeast, Southeast and South, they had greater access through the public sector. Inequalities were found in the lack of access to medicines according to the region of residence, especially in the North region. CONCLUSION: The lack of access to medicines showed regional disparities, particularly in the most economically vulnerable regions.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.6% of cases; in the adjusted analysis, IPVP remained associated with physical, psychological and social relationship domains; pregnant women who experienced IPVP had a reduction in their QOL score by 9.77, 11.07 and 8.95 points, respectively, when compared to those who did not experience IPVP. CONCLUSION: IPVP was associated with poorer QOL in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains. Health services equipped to address and prevent violence against pregnant women are essential. MAIN RESULTS: Intimate partner violence (IPV) was observed in 13.6% of pregnant women and was associated with poorer quality of life in the physical, psychological and social relationship domains. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: The results emphasize the need for an intersectoral approach in addressing the issue, with specialized healthcare centers for situations of violence integrated with social assistance and public security. PERSPECTIVES: Development of intersectoral policies and actions that strengthen existing ones and ensure social and healthcare assistance to pregnant women victims of violence and their children, given the negative impact of IPVP on quality of life.

Climate change and mental health of Indigenous peoples living in their territory: a concept mapping study.

Background: The alarming increase in annual deforestation rates has had devastating consequences in climate change, and it is affecting Indigenous people, who depend entirely on the land for survival and has also weakened the rainforest's crucial role in stabilizing the global climate. Recognizing and respecting Indigenous people's needs and social, economic, and historical conditions influence health and healthcare. This study aimed to conduct online concept mapping workshops with university students to identify perceived important and feasible actions for improving the mental health of Indigenous people living in their territory in association with climate change. Methods: Concept mapping, a participatory mixed methodology, was conducted virtually with 20 Indigenous students at two universities in Brazil. A focus prompt was developed from consultations with Indigenous stakeholders and read-"To improve the mental health of Indigenous peoples in their territory during climate change crises, it is necessary to…." Results: University students organized 42 unique statements in 6 clusters that cover a wide range of topics: family support, 0.68 (SD 0.19); respect and understanding, 0.37 (SD 0.08); improvement actions, 0.52 (SD 0.07); public policies in favor of Indigenous people's mental health, 0.24 (0.09); health actions, 0.15 (SD 0.08); Indigenous training in health and its importance in improving mental health 0.32 (SD 0.07). Conclusion: These clusters range from community initiatives, public policies, health actions, and strengthening professional services in Indigenous communities. These all provide numerous concrete ideas for developing interventions designed to address mental health challenges associated with climate change.

University indigenous students' perspectives on climate change and survival of indigenous peoples in Brazil: a concept mapping study.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify what indigenous university students in Brazil perceived to be important and feasible actions to protect the survival of indigenous peoples from climate change-related impacts. Methods: Concept mapping, which is a participatory mixed methodology, was conducted virtually with 20 indigenous students at two universities in Brazil. A focus prompt was developed from consultations with indigenous stakeholders and read "To protect the survival of the Indigenous Peoples from climate change, it is necessary to…". Students brainstormed 46 statements, which they then sorted into clusters based on conceptual similarity. They rated each statement for importance and feasibility. Quantitative multivariate analyses of clusters and ratings were conducted to produce multiple visual maps of perceived actionable priorities. These analyses used the Group Wisdom TM software. Results: Students agreed on 8 clusters that reflect the factors that influence the survival of indigenous peoples-preservation of lands 0.16 (SD 0.13), protection of demarcated lands 0.31 (SD 0.10), indigenous health and wellbeing 0.35 (SD 0.14), ancestral customs 0.46 (SD 0.04), global and national actions 0.61 (SD 0.13), indigenous rights 0.64 (SD 0.23), collective living 0.71 (SD 0.21), and respect 0.75 (SD 0.14). Discussion: The most actionable priorities are related to the respect for their lands and customs, educational initiatives in schools about the importance of indigenous peoples to society, guarantees for basic health rights, and culturally appropriate provision of care, with specific mention of mental healthcare. The findings aligned closely with the concept of indigenous self-determination, which is rooted in autonomy and respect for cultural diversity, and the right to make decisions that impact their lives, land, and resources.

[Inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases: Vigitel, 2019]. / Desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Vigitel, 2019.

This study analyzes the economic, racial, and geographic inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the 2019 Vigitel (Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview). The analyzed risk behaviors were smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, overweight, regular consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice drinks, and non-regular consumption of fruits, legumes, and vegetables. Inequalities in risk behaviors were assessed considering Brazilian's schooling level and their dwelling region, via the slope index of inequality (SII). Equiplots graphs were also built to better illustrate the inequalities. Stata svy command was used for all analyses due to the complexity of the sampling process. In total, 52,395 patients were evaluated. Significant inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases were observed: most risk behaviors were concentrated in those with low schooling. Smoking and soft drinks consumption were more observed in the Southern region of Brazil. Public policies are necessary to reduce the inequalities found, allowing for improvement in health indicators of the Brazilian population.

O objetivo foi analisar as desigualdades econômica, racial e geográfica nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dos adultos brasileiros. Estudo transversal realizado com os dados do Vigitel (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico) de 2019. Os comportamentos de risco analisados foram tabagismo, consumo abusivo de álcool, inatividade física, excesso de peso, consumo regular de refrigerante ou suco artificial e consumo não regular de frutas, legumes e verduras. As desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco foram avaliadas considerando escolaridade e macrorregião de moradia dos brasileiros, por meio do índice de desigualdade absoluta (slope index of inequality - SII). Gráficos equiplots também foram construídos para melhor ilustrar as desigualdades. Para todas as análises, foi utilizado o comando svy do Stata devido à complexidade do processo amostral. Foram avaliados 52.395 indivíduos. Desigualdades importantes nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram observadas: ter baixa escolaridade concentrou a grande maioria dos comportamentos de risco. Tabagismo e consumo de refrigerante foram mais observados na Macrorregião Sul do país. São necessárias políticas públicas que visem reduzir as desigualdades encontradas, permitindo a melhoria nos indicadores de saúde da população brasileira.

El objetivo fue analizar las desigualdades económicas, raciales y geográficas en los comportamientos de riesgo sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles entre los adultos brasileños. Estudio transversal, realizado con los datos de Vigitel (Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles por Entrevista Telefónica) 2019. Los comportamientos de riesgo analizados fueron el tabaquismo, el abuso del alcohol, la inactividad física, el sobrepeso, el consumo habitual de refrescos o zumos artificiales y el consumo no habitual de frutas, verduras y legumbres. Las desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta la educación y el macrorregión de residencia de los brasileños, mediante el índice de inequidad absoluto (slope index of inequality - SII). También se construyeron gráficos equiplot para ilustrar mejor las desigualdades. Para todos los análisis, se utilizó el comando svy de Stata debido a la complejidad del proceso de muestreo. Se evaluó a un total de 52.395 personas. Se observaron importantes desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: tener un bajo nivel educativo concentró la gran mayoría de los comportamientos de riesgo. El tabaquismo y el consumo de refrescos se observaron más en la región Sur del país. Se necesitan políticas públicas para reducir las desigualdades encontradas, permitiendo la mejora de los indicadores de salud de la población brasileña.

Inequalities in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate social inequalities of Brazilians in alcohol consumption and cell phone use while driving motor vehicles. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with people who drive (n=23,474) in 2019. The outcomes adopted were cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving, associated with the variables gender, age group, skin color, education and macro-region of housing and analyzed using the slope index of inequality using logistic regression. RESULTS: The inequalities related to alcohol consumption and driving were identified in adults with brown skin color (7.8) linked to the North region (6.8). As for cell phone use while driving, they were higher for the younger age group (19.4) and individuals with higher education (27.1). CONCLUSION: Cell phone use and alcohol consumption while driving motor vehicles have social inequalities regarding the age group and education, and skin color and macro-region respectively.

Regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests in Brazilian state capitals in 2019: a cross-sectional study. / Desigualdades regionais e sociais na realização de mamografia e exame citopatológico nas capitais brasileiras em 2019: estudo transversal.

OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 Chronic Disease Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance Telephone Survey (Vigitel). The outcome variables were mammography and cytopathology test. The exposure variables were race/skin color, schooling and region of residence in Brazil. Absolute inequality measurements were presented using the slope index of inequality (SII) and equiplots. RESULTS: 23,339 women were included in this study. Having a mammography was 5.2 percentage points higher in women with higher levels of education, while having a cytopathology test was 5.3 percentage points lower in women of Black race/skin color.Having mammography and cytopathology tests was 3.9 and 11.2 percentage points higher, respectively, in the Southern region. CONCLUSION: Social and regional inequalities persist in Brazil and affect mainly women of Black race/skin color, with low education levels and living in the Northeast region of the country.

User satisfaction in relation to Primary Health Care services in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze user satisfaction in relation to access, infrastructure and quality of Primary Health Care (PHC) services in Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 114,615 users linked to 30,523 health teams, obtained through the database of the Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB -National Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care). Independent variables related to access, infrastructure and quality of services in PHC were studied. The outcome, user satisfaction, was measured using the variables: "if given the option, I would change the staff or health service" and "I would recommend this health service to a friend or family member." To assess satisfaction according to independent exposure variables, Pearson's chi-squared test was used, considering a significance level of 5%. Descriptive analyses of the variables were performed using absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. RESULTS: User satisfaction was associated with the variables of access (p < 0.001), infrastructure (p < 0.001) and quality of services (p < 0.001) in PHC. The proximity of the service, attention to spontaneous demand, listening and the respect of professionals to the singularities of the patient, as well as the problem-solving capacity of the services, without the need for referrals to others and the good infrastructure, were related to user satisfaction. CONCLUSION: To ensure the improvement of the quality of services offered in PHC in Brazil, the aspects of user satisfaction identified in this study should be considered in the organization and management of services.

Nursing practices in the family health strategy in Brazil: interfaces with illness.

OBJECTIVE: To identify Nursing practices in the Family Health Strategy in Brazil and interfaces in the illness of these professionals. METHOD: Qualitative research, carried out in the five Regions of Brazil, with 79 nursing professionals from 20 health units. Data were collected from 2015 to 2017, using interviews, observation and documentary study. The analysis with the aid of the software ATLAS.ti 8.0, guided by the theorization of the Work Process and Workloads. RESULTS: The practices of the care dimension prevailed, followed by the administrative-managerial and educational dimensions. The illness resulting from workloads, predominantly psychic, was related to care practices, potentiated by overload and poor working conditions. CONCLUSION: The centrality of nursing practices in the dimension of care and administrative management characterized the professional work in Primary Care. The findings indicate that improved working conditions may minimize the wear and tear of these professionals in this scenario.

Thematic content analysis using ATLAS.ti software: Potentialities for researchs in health.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the most important tools of ATLAS.ti Software and to associate them with the procedures of Thematic Content Analysis. METHOD: It is a theoretical reflection of the Content Analysis phases of Laurence Bardin, associating them with software tools Atlas.ti and showing its usefulness for data analysis in qualitative research. RESULTS: historical contextualization and the available resources of Atlas.ti software with presentation of health research involving the phases of thematic content analysis. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Atlas.ti software assists in the accomplishment of the thematic content analysis being this promising association in health research.

Nurses' workload: lights and shadows in the Family Health Strategy. / Cargas de trabalho de enfermeiros: luzes e sombras na Estratégia Saúde da Família.

This study was multicenter with a qualitative approach, which sought to identify the elements that can increase or reduce the workloads of the Family Health nurse. Forty nurses were interviewed, from 36 teams from five regions of Brazil, considered successful according to the requirements of the National Policy of Primary Care and with good evaluation in the National Program for Improvement in Primary Care Access and Quality. Data collection was performed by instrument triangulation, using a semi-structured interview, observation and documentary study, from 2013 to September 2016. The findings were analyzed based on the Thematic Content Analysis and categorized with the help of Atlas.ti software. It was identified that the elements that most influence the increase of the workloads are the precariousness and deficits in the work environment, materials and equipment, added to the numerical deficit of the workforce and the excess of health care demand. However, teamwork, recognition for the performed work, bonding with users and good interpersonal relationships, all contribute to reduce the workloads. We highlight the dialectic present in the elements of the work process. They can increase or decrease workloads influenced by objective conditions, the moment and way they are handled.

Estudo multicêntrico, de abordagem qualitativa, que buscou identificar os elementos que podem aumentar ou reduzir as cargas de trabalho do enfermeiro da Saúde da Família. Foram abordados 40 enfermeiros, de 36 equipes, das cinco Regiões do Brasil, consideradas exitosas segundo o prescrito na Política Nacional da Atenção Básica e com boa avaliação no Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela triangulação de instrumentos, utilizando-se entrevista semiestruturada, observação e estudo documental, de 2013 a setembro de 2016. Os achados foram analisados com base na Análise Temática de Conteúdo e categorizados com auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Identificou-se que os elementos que mais influenciam o aumento das cargas são a precariedade e déficits no ambiente de trabalho, materiais e equipamentos, somados ao déficit numérico da força de trabalho e ao excesso de demanda assistencial. Entretanto, o trabalho em equipe, reconhecimento pelo trabalho realizado, vínculo com usuários e bom relacionamento interpessoal contribuem para diminuir as cargas. Ressalta-se a dialética presente nos elementos do processo de trabalho com influência de condições objetivas, do momento e da forma como são manejados.

Prevenção de quedas em idosos: relato de experiência de formação em serviço para equipe de saúde da família / Prevention of falls in the elderly: report of experience of in-service training for the family health team / prevención de caídas en ancianos: relato de experiencia de capacitación en servicio para el equipo de salud de la familia

A transição demográfica com aumento da expectativa de vida tem colocado em evidência um importante problema de saúde pública: as quedas. As quedas provocam comprometimentos na vida dos idosos, mesmo as ocorrências com lesões de menor gravidade, podem deixar sequelas, produzir impacto significativo na qualidade de vida e colaboram para o aumento da morbidade, em algumas situações, mortalidade. Este estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver um curso de qualificação profissional sobre prevenção de quedas que acometem idosos, para profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família. O cenário de construção da proposta formativa foi o município de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde, com 52 profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família, a saber: quatro médicos, três enfermeiros, seis técnicos de enfermagem, três odontólogos, três auxiliares de consultório odontológico, vinte e um agentes comunitários de saúde, quatro fisioterapeutas, dois psicólogos, um terapeuta ocupacional, dois recepcionistas e três higienizadoras. A construção da proposta formativa foi alicerçada nos preceitos teóricos do Arco de Charles Maguerez: observação da realidade, pontos chaves, hipóteses de solução, teorização e aplicação a realidade. Foram realizadas ainda três oficinas formativas em três Unidades básicas de saúde, norteadas pelo método criativo sensível adaptado. Os preceitos éticos foram respeitados e o estudo teve parecer favorável sob o número 5.821.177. O desenvolvimento do curso de qualificação profissional teve duração total de 6 horas aula e estruturou-se em cinco momentos. Observação da realidade: foi realizado um encontro de sensibilização com a gestão, a respeito do tema do projeto, apresentação de dados relativos a morbimortalidade relacionado as quedas; pontos chave: foram contempladas as quedas em idosos como problema de Saúde Coletiva, abordados na primeira oficina formativa com dados pertinentes ao tema; hipóteses de solução: para estruturação do processo formativo foram realizadas pesquisas em bases de dados com vistas a construção do arcabouço teórico sobre a temática; teorização: foi realizada a segunda oficina formativa, oportunizou-se socialização de conhecimentos relacionados à ocorrência, causas, locais, consequências e/ou complicações decorrentes das quedas, bem como início da construção de um material didático sobre prevenção de quedas; aplicação a realidade: foi o momento de abordarmos a prevenção na prática, discutiu-se sobre o tema durante a terceira oficina formativa, bem como apresentou-se o material elaborado com a colaboração dos profissionais e apresentação do Setor de Prevenção de Quedas. O desenvolvimento da proposta formativa oportunizou ampliar conhecimentos sobre quedas e as formas de atuação multiprofissional, colaborando para integração entre os membros das equipes e consequentemente qualificando assistência e ações à saúde do idoso. Esse processo formativo gerou aplicabilidade de um material didático na prática dos processos de trabalho das equipes de Saúde da Família e criação de um serviço municipal de prevenção de quedas.

The demographic transition with increased life expectancy has highlighted an important public health problem: falls. Falls in the elderly cause impairments in the lives of the elderly, even occurrences with minor injuries, can leave sequelae, produce a significant impact on quality of life and contribute to increased morbidity, in some situations, mortality. This study aimed to develop a professional qualification course on the prevention of falls that affect the elderly, for professionals of the Family Health strategies. The construction scenario of the formative proposal was the municipality of Balneário Gaivota, State of Santa Catarina, in three Basic Health Units, with 52 professionals of the Family Health strategies, namely: four doctors, three nurses, six nursing technicians, three dentists, three dental office assistants, twenty-one community health agents, four physiotherapists, two psychologists, one occupational therapist, two receptionists and three sanitizers. The construction of the formative proposal was based on the theoretical precepts of Charles Maguerez's Arch: observation of reality, key points, hypotheses of solution, theorization and application to reality. Three training workshops were also held in three Basic Health Units, guided by the adapted sensitive creative method. The ethical precepts were respected and the study had a favorable opinion under the number 5,821,17. The development of the Professional Qualification Course had a total duration of 6 hours/class and was structured in five moments; Observation of reality: a sensitization meeting was held with the management, regarding the theme of the project, presentation of data related to morbidity and mortality related to falls; Key points: falls in the elderly were considered as a Collective Health problem, addressed in the first formative workshop with data pertinent to the theme; Hypotheses of solution: to structure the formative process, searches were carried out in databases with a view to the construction of the theoretical framework on the theme; Theorization: the second formative workshop was held, socialization of knowledge related to the occurrence, causes, places, consequences and/or complications resulting from falls was provided, as well as the beginning of the construction of a didactic material on fall prevention; Application to reality: It was the moment to address prevention in practice, it was discussed on the subject during the third formative workshop, as well as the material elaborated with the collaboration of the professionals and presentation of Sector of Prevention of Falls. The development of the formative proposal provided the opportunity to expand knowledge about falls and the forms of multiprofessional action, collaborating for integration among team members and consequently qualifying care and actions for the health of the elderly. This formative process generated the applicability of a didactic material in the practice of the work processes of the Family Health teams and the creation of a municipal service for the prevention of falls.

La transición demográfica con el aumento de la esperanza de vida ha puesto de relieve un importante problema de salud pública: las caídas. Las caídas causan deficiencias en la vida de los ancianos, incluso ocurrencias con lesiones leves, pueden dejar secuelas, producir un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida y contribuir al aumento de la morbilidad, en algunas situaciones, la mortalidad. Desarrollar un curso de cualificación profesional sobre prevención de caídas que afectan a personas mayores, para profesionales de estrategias de Salud de la Familia. Métodos: el escenario de construcción de la propuesta formativa fue la ciudad de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, en tres Unidades Básicas de Salud, con 52 profesionales de las estrategias Salud de la Familia, a saber: cuatro médicos, tres enfermeros, seis técnicos de enfermería, tres odontólogos, tres auxiliares de odontólogo, veintiún agentes comunitarios de salud, cuatro fisioterapeutas, dos psicólogos, un terapeuta ocupacional, dos recepcionistas y tres desinfectantes. La construcción de la propuesta formativa se basó en los preceptos teóricos del Arco de Carlos Maguérez: observación de la realidad, puntos clave, hipótesis de solución, teorización y aplicación a la realidad. También se realizaron tres talleres de capacitación en tres unidades básicas de salud, guiados por el método creativo sensible adaptado. Se respetaron los preceptos éticos y el estudio tuvo una opinión favorable bajo el número 5.821.177. Resultados: el desarrollo del curso de cualificación profesional tuvo una duración total de 6 horas/clase y se estructuró en cinco momentos. Observación de la realidad: se realizó una reunión de sensibilización con la dirección, sobre el tema del proyecto, presentación de datos relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad relacionadas con las caídas; Puntos clave: las caídas en los ancianos fueron consideradas como un problema de Salud Colectiva, abordado en el primer taller de capacitación con datos pertinentes al tema; Hipótesis de solución: Para estructurar el proceso de formación, se realizó una investigación en bases de datos con el objetivo de construir el marco teórico sobre el tema; Teorización: se realizó el segundo taller formativo, se brindó socialización de conocimientos relacionados con la ocurrencia, causas, lugares, consecuencias y/o complicaciones resultantes de caídas, así como el inicio de la construcción de un material didáctico sobre prevención de caídas; Aplicación a la realidad: fue el momento de abordar la prevención en la práctica, el tema se discutió durante el tercer taller de capacitación, así como el material elaborado con la colaboración de profesionales y se presentó la presentación del Sector de Prevención de Caídas. El desarrollo de la propuesta formativa brindó la oportunidad de ampliar el conocimiento sobre las caídas y las formas de acción multiprofesional, colaborando para la integración entre los miembros del equipo y, en consecuencia, calificando los cuidados y acciones para la salud de las personas mayores. Este proceso formativo generó la aplicabilidad de un material didáctico en la práctica de los procesos de trabajo de los equipos de Salud de la Familia y la creación de un servicio municipal para la prevención de caídas.

Community assembly as a promotion of participatory management in healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: To report the participatory management experience of a Family Health Strategy by means of community assemblies. METHODS: Community assemblies were performed with the population of a Family Health Strategy center in the city of Criciúma/SC. The meetings occurred between 2016 and 2017, including health care professionals, managers, members of the organized civil society and the healthcare system clients. RESULTS: The activity enable us to rethink the teamwork process regarding the system of health appointment scheduling and the replication of this process for all the family health teams of the municipality. FINAL REMARKS: Participatory management provided opportunities for new collective spaces that facilitate the democratization of healthcare in order to mobilize the role of the health system client in the development of more welcoming, resolute and integral health practices.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and quality of life in Southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study, 2022 / Violencia de pareja durante el embarazo y calidad de vida en el sur de Brasil: estudio transversal, 2022 / Violência por parceiro íntimo durante a gestação e qualidade de vida no Sul do Brasil: estudo transversal, 2022

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) and quality of life (QOL). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care in the municipality of Criciúma, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in 2022; QOL was assessed in the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains using WHOQOL-Bref instrument; IPVP was evaluated by means of the World Health Organization Violence Against Women; Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 389 pregnant women were evaluated; IPVP was observed in 13.6% of cases; in the adjusted analysis, IPVP remained associated with physical, psychological and social relationship domains; pregnant women who experienced IPVP had a reduction in their QOL score by 9.77, 11.07 and 8.95 points, respectively, when compared to those who did not experience IPVP. Conclusion IPVP was associated with poorer QOL in the physical, psychological and social relationships domains. Health services equipped to address and prevent violence against pregnant women are essential.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre violencia de pareja durante el embarazo (VPE) y calidad de vida (CV). Métodos Estudio transversal con mujeres embarazadas en Atención Primaria de Salud, se evaluó la CV en los dominios físico, psicológico, relaciones sociales y entorno (WHOQOL-Bref); la VPE fue evaluada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud; se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal bruta y ajustada. Resultados Se evaluaron 389 gestantes. La VPE estuvo presente en el 13,6% de las gestantes; en el análisis ajustado, la violencia de género permaneció asociada a aspectos físicos, psicológicos y a las relaciones sociales; las mujeres embarazadas que sufrieron VPE presentaron disminución de 9,77; 11,07 y 8,95 puntos de CV en comparación con quienes no sufrieron VPE. Conclusión La VPE se asocia con una peor calidad de vida en los ámbitos físico, psicológico y de relaciones sociales; los servicios de salud preparados para combatir la violencia son esenciales para prevenir los casos de violencia durante el embarazo.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação (VPIG) e qualidade de vida (QV). Métodos Estudo transversal, com gestantes atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em 2022; avaliou-se a QV quanto aos domínios físico, psicológico, das relações sociais e do meio ambiente (WHOQOL-Bref); a VPIG foi avaliada pela World Health Organization Violence Against Women; foram realizadas análise de regressão linear bruta e ajustada. Resultados Foram avaliadas 389 gestantes; a VPIG esteve presente em 13,6%; na análise ajustada, a VPIG manteve-se associada aos aspectos físico, psicológico e das relações sociais; gestantes que sofreram VPIG tiveram reduzidos 9,77, 11,07 e 8,95 pontos no escore de QV, respectivamente, quando comparadas às que não sofreram VPIG. Conclusão A VPIG esteve associada à pior QV nos domínios físico, psicológico e das relações sociais; serviços de saúde preparados para o enfrentamento e prevenção da violência contra gestantes são essenciais.

Prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e fatores associados em um município do extremo sul catarinense / Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors in a city of southern of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Identificar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo e fatores relacionados durante os seis primeiros meses de vida do lactente. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 102 nutrizes residentes no município de Balneário Gaivota(SC) que efetivaram o pré-natal na rede pública ou privada e tiveram parto no ano de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por aplicação de questionário contemplando as variáveis sociodemográficas, gestacionais e pós-gestacionais. A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 43,1%. Aqueles bebês que usavam mamadeira tiveram 45% menos probabilidade de ter recebido aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses de idade, e aqueles que receberam prescrição de fórmula infantil na alta hospitalar apresentaram 54% menos chance comparados aos seus pares. Os fatores relacionados ao aleitamento materno exclusivo são comportamentais e modificáveis, sendo necessária a orientação pelos profissionais de saúde durante a consulta pré-natal, puericultura e no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil.

To identify the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its related factors during the first six months of the infant's life. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 102 nursing mothers residing in the city of Balneário Gaivota( SC) who performed prenatal care in the public or private network and gave birth in 2018. Data were collected by application of a questionnaire and included sociodemographic, gestational and post-gestational variables. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 43.1%. Those babies who used a bottle were 45% less likely to have been exclusively breastfed up to six months of age, and those who were prescribed infant formula at hospital discharge were 54% less likely compared to their peers. Factors related to exclusive breastfeeding are behavioral and modifiable, thus, guidance by health professionals is necessary during prenatal and childcare consultations and in the monitoring of child development.

Estratégia saúde da família como espaço de insatisfação e satisfação profissional / Family health strategy as a place for job dissatisfaction and satisfaction / La estrategia de salud familiar como espacio de insatisfacción y satisfacción profesional

Os fatores que interferem na satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família são diversos e de inúmeras características. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os fatores de satisfação e insatisfação de profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Forquilhinha/SC. Trata-se de um estudo de métodos mistos, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 15 profissionais da saúde de três Unidades de Saúde por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados segundo a análise de conteúdo temática com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados geraram 72 categorias, vinculados a cinco subcategorias, associados a duas categorias. Os grupos fatores de insatisfação e satisfação encontrados envolvem a atuação na rotina diária, estrutura e serviços das unidades e do sistema de saúde, os direitos trabalhistas, a organização dos elementos de atuação, e as relações interpessoais com os colegas, usuários e gestores. A satisfação é indicada, principalmente, pela relação com os colegas e pela divisão de tarefas entre os profissionais. Em contrapartida, a falta de reconhecimento e desvalorização, além da sobrecarga trabalho, são os principais motivos de insatisfação. Os aspectos geradores de satisfação e insatisfação dos profissionais são múltiplos e até mesmo ambíguos e podem colaborar para prejuízo ou melhoria da prestação do cuidado a saúde.

The factors that interfere with the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of professionals working in the Family Health Strategy are diverse. The objective of the study was to identify the factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of professionals of the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Forquilhinha (SC). This is a mixed-methods, descriptive and exploratory study, carried out with 15 health professionals from three health units by means of semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed according to thematic content analysis, with the help of the Atlas.TI 9.0 software. The results generated 72 codes, linked to five subcategories, associated with two categories. The groups of dissatisfaction and satisfaction factors found involve: the performance in the daily routine, structure and services of the units and the health system, labor rights, the organization of the performance elements, and the interpersonal relationships with colleagues, users and managers. Satisfaction is indicated mainly by the relationship with colleagues and the division of tasks among professionals. On the other hand, the lack of recognition and the devaluation, besides the work overload, are the main reasons for dissatisfaction. The aspects that generate satisfaction and dissatisfaction among professionals are multiple and even ambiguous and can contribute to hinder or improve health care delivery.

Los factores que interfieren en la satisfacción o en la insatisfacción de los profesionales que actúan en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar son diversos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores de satisfacción e insatisfacción de los profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar del municipio de Forquilhinha (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Se trata de un estudio de métodos mixtos, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado con 15 profesionales sanitarios de tres unidades de salud mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos se analizaron según el análisis de contenido temático con la ayuda del software Atlas.TI 9.0. Los resultados generaron 72 categorías, vinculadas a cinco subcategorías, asociadas a dos categorías. Los factores de insatisfacción y satisfacción encontrados tienen que ver con la actuación en la rutina diaria, la estructura y los servicios de las unidades y del sistema de salud, los derechos laborales, la organización de los elementos de actuación y las relaciones interpersonales con los compañeros, los usuarios y los gestores. La satisfacción está indicada principalmente por la relación con los compañeros y el reparto de tareas entre los profesionales. Por otro lado, la falta de reconocimiento y la desvalorización, además de la sobrecarga de trabajo, son los principales motivos de insatisfacción. Los aspectos que generan satisfacción e insatisfacción de los profesionales son múltiples, incluso ambiguos, y pueden perjudicar o mejorar la prestación de la asistencia sanitaria.

Percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a transição do cuidado na alta hospitalar / Nurses' perception about the transition of care at hospital discharge

Existe uma clara lacuna na transição entre Atenção Hospitalar (AH) e Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). A efetividade da Transição do Cuidado (TC) depende de uma excelente capacidade de comunicação entre profissionais e serviços, sendo a alta hospitalar um momento crítico. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as percepções dos enfermeiros da Atenção Hospitalar (AH) e Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) sobre aspectos da alta hospitalar Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado com dados de enfermeiros atuantes na AH e na APS no estado de Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, por meio de formulário eletrônico. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial. Para comparação entre grupos utilizou-se teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. Há algumas sobre posições nas percepções dos enfermeiros da AH e APS sobre a temática, sendo que consideram importante o acompanhamento do paciente após a alta hospitalar (54; 91,5%), entende que existe pouca e fraca comunicação entre serviços de saúde (52; 88%). Ainda, são realizadas orientações verbalmente para pacientes e familiares no momento da alta (32; 54,2%), pouca informação é compreendida pelos pacientes (47; 79,7%) e o plano de alta não é individualizado (30; 50,8%), na maioria dos casos. A comunicação é uma grande fragilidade na alta hospitalar, que se expressa nesse estudo, pela percepção dos enfermeiros de uma comunicação fraca entre AH e APS, pela fragilidade do plano de alta e orientações realizadas verbalmente. A melhoria do processo de transição do cuidado, especialmente a alta hospitalar, permite uma assistência à saúde mais integrada, segura e centrada no paciente. O investimento em estratégias que aprimorem esse processo é essencial para a qualidade do cuidado.

There is a clear gap in the transition between Hospital Care (HC) and Primary Health Care (PHC). The effectiveness of the Care Transition (TC) depends on an excellent communication ability between professionals and services, with hospital discharge being a critical moment. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of HC and PHC nurses on aspects of hospital discharge. This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out with data from nurses working in HC and PHC in the state of Santa Catarina. Data was collected between December 2020 and January 2021, using an electronic form. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed. Pearson's chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. There are some overlapping positions in the perceptions of HC and PHC nurses on the subject, considering that patient follow-up after hospital discharge is important (54; 91.5%), they understand that there is little and weak communication between health services (52; 88%). Also, verbal guidelines are given to patients and family members at discharge (32; 54.2%), little information is understood by patients (47; 79.7%) and the discharge plan is not individualized (30; 50.8%), in most cases. Communication is a major weakness in hospital discharge, which is expressed in this study, by the nurses' perception of poor communication between HC and PHC, by the fragility of the discharge plan and verbally given guidelines. Improving the care transition process, especially hospital discharge, allows for more integrated, safe and patient-centered healthcare. Investment in strategies that improve this process is essential for the quality of care.

Esperança e desespero: reflexões sobre o acesso na Atenção Primaria à Saúde / Hope and despair: reflections on access in Primary Health Care / Esperanza y desesperación: reflexiones sobre el acceso en la Atención Primaria de Salud

Objetivo: refletir sobre o acesso na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) através de analogias entre dois programas televisivos brasileiros. Método: trata-se de uma reflexão teórica sustentada em elementos da cultura televisiva popular brasileira, a partir dos programas: a porta da esperança e a porta dos desesperados. Resultados: o acesso à saúde no âmbito da APS pode ser analisado na perspectiva de três portas: esperança, na solução de suas necessidades; desespero, voltada aqueles que não conseguem encontrar soluções as suas demandas; e a prioritária, pautada nas atribuições que lhe constitui e no direito à saúde. Conclusão: a APS precisa superar a tipologia de porta da esperança e dos desesperados para efetivação da sua atribuição ordenadora da rede de atenção à saúde.

Objective: to reflect on access in Primary Health Care (PHC) through analogies of two Brazilian television shows. Method: this is a theoretical reflection based on elements of Brazilian popular television culture, based on the shows: the door of hope and the door of the desperate. Results: the access to health within the scope of PHC can be analyzed from the perspective of three doors: hope, in the solution of their needs; despair, aimed at those who cannot find solutions to their demands; and the priority, based on the attributions that constitute it and the right to health. Conclusion: PHC needs to overcome the typology of the door of hope and of the desperate for the achievement of its ordering attribution of the health care network.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el acceso en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) a través de analogías entre dos programas de televisión brasileños. Método: se trata de una reflexión teórica a partir de elementos de la cultura popular televisiva brasileña, a partir de los programas: la puerta de la esperanza y la puerta de los desesperados. Resultados: el acceso a la salud en el ámbito de la APS puede analizarse desde la perspectiva de tres puertas: la esperanza, en la solución de sus necesidades; la desesperación, dirigida a quienes no encuentran solución a sus demandas; y la prelación, con base en las atribuciones que la constituyen y el derecho a la salud. Conclusión: la APS necesita superar la tipología de la puerta de la esperanza y del desesperado para cumplir su tarea de organización de la red de atención a la salud.

Experiences of resilience and coping among refugees from civil strife in Kenya / Experiências de resiliência e enfrentamento entre refugiados da Guerra Civil no Quênia / Experiencias de resiliencia y afrontamiento entre refugiados del conflicto civil en Kenia

This study aimed to explore experiences of civil war refugees in Kenya. This qualitative study was conducted with 12 participants in Nairobi, Kenya, from February to March 2016, and the data collection was performed via semi-structured interviews and observation. The analysis was supported by cross-cultural psychology and discourse analysis. The themes emerging from the interviews were grouped into different clusters of discourses of marginalized refugees voices: (1) feelings of insecurity before and after migration, (2) lack of refugee rights, (3) diminished female self-esteem, (4) immigration as a promoter of illness; (5) faith as hope for better days; (6) trauma and suicidal ideation. The immigration status of insecurity, the fear of various types of violence, mainly sexual and physical, the lack of legal rights of citizenship, the disease and, finally, the suicidal ideation, were identified in the group of refugees. The possibilities of hope are scarce and are based on religious groups and social projects.

Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar as experiências de refugiados da Guerra Civil no Quênia. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo realizado com 12 participantes em Nairóbi, Quênia, de fevereiro a março de 2016, e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação. A análise foi apoiada pela psicologia transcultural e pela análise do discurso. Os temas emergentes das entrevistas foram agrupados em diferentes grupos de discursos de vozes de refugiados marginalizados: (1) sentimentos de insegurança antes e depois da migração, (2) falta de direitos do refugiado, (3) autoestima feminina diminuída, (4) imigração como promotor de doenças, (5) fé como esperança de dias melhores, (6) trauma e ideação suicida. A situação imigratória de insegurança, o medo de vários tipos de violência, principalmente sexual e física, a falta de direitos legais de cidadania, a doença e, por fim, a ideação suicida foram identificados no grupo de refugiados. As possibilidades de esperança são escassas e fundamentadas em grupos religiosos e projetos sociais.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las experiencias de los refugiados de la guerra civil en Kenia. Este es un estudio cualitativo realizado con 12 participantes en Nairobi, Kenia, de febrero a marzo de 2016, y la recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación. El análisis se apoyó en la psicología transcultural y el análisis del discurso. Los temas que surgieron de las entrevistas se agruparon en diferentes grupos de discursos de las voces de los refugiados marginados: (1) sentimientos de inseguridad antes y después de la migración, (2) falta de derechos de los refugiados, (3) disminución de la autoestima femenina, (4) la inmigración como promotora de enfermedades; (5) la fe como esperanza de días mejores; (6) trauma e ideación suicida. En el grupo de refugiados se identificó situación migratoria insegura, temor a diversos tipos de violencia, principalmente sexual y física, falta de derechos ciudadanos legales, enfermedad y, finalmente, ideación suicida. Las posibilidades de esperanza son escasas y se basan en grupos religiosos y proyectos sociales.

Desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Vigitel, 2019 / Inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases: Vigitel, 2019 / Desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Vigitel, 2019

O objetivo foi analisar as desigualdades econômica, racial e geográfica nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dos adultos brasileiros. Estudo transversal realizado com os dados do Vigitel (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico) de 2019. Os comportamentos de risco analisados foram tabagismo, consumo abusivo de álcool, inatividade física, excesso de peso, consumo regular de refrigerante ou suco artificial e consumo não regular de frutas, legumes e verduras. As desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco foram avaliadas considerando escolaridade e macrorregião de moradia dos brasileiros, por meio do índice de desigualdade absoluta (slope index of inequality - SII). Gráficos equiplots também foram construídos para melhor ilustrar as desigualdades. Para todas as análises, foi utilizado o comando svy do Stata devido à complexidade do processo amostral. Foram avaliados 52.395 indivíduos. Desigualdades importantes nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram observadas: ter baixa escolaridade concentrou a grande maioria dos comportamentos de risco. Tabagismo e consumo de refrigerante foram mais observados na Macrorregião Sul do país. São necessárias políticas públicas que visem reduzir as desigualdades encontradas, permitindo a melhoria nos indicadores de saúde da população brasileira.

This study analyzes the economic, racial, and geographic inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the 2019 Vigitel (Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview). The analyzed risk behaviors were smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, overweight, regular consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice drinks, and non-regular consumption of fruits, legumes, and vegetables. Inequalities in risk behaviors were assessed considering Brazilian's schooling level and their dwelling region, via the slope index of inequality (SII). Equiplots graphs were also built to better illustrate the inequalities. Stata svy command was used for all analyses due to the complexity of the sampling process. In total, 52,395 patients were evaluated. Significant inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases were observed: most risk behaviors were concentrated in those with low schooling. Smoking and soft drinks consumption were more observed in the Southern region of Brazil. Public policies are necessary to reduce the inequalities found, allowing for improvement in health indicators of the Brazilian population.

El objetivo fue analizar las desigualdades económicas, raciales y geográficas en los comportamientos de riesgo sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles entre los adultos brasileños. Estudio transversal, realizado con los datos de Vigitel (Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles por Entrevista Telefónica) 2019. Los comportamientos de riesgo analizados fueron el tabaquismo, el abuso del alcohol, la inactividad física, el sobrepeso, el consumo habitual de refrescos o zumos artificiales y el consumo no habitual de frutas, verduras y legumbres. Las desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta la educación y el macrorregión de residencia de los brasileños, mediante el índice de inequidad absoluto (slope index of inequality - SII). También se construyeron gráficos equiplot para ilustrar mejor las desigualdades. Para todos los análisis, se utilizó el comando svy de Stata debido a la complejidad del proceso de muestreo. Se evaluó a un total de 52.395 personas. Se observaron importantes desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: tener un bajo nivel educativo concentró la gran mayoría de los comportamientos de riesgo. El tabaquismo y el consumo de refrescos se observaron más en la región Sur del país. Se necesitan políticas públicas para reducir las desigualdades encontradas, permitiendo la mejora de los indicadores de salud de la población brasileña.