HPV self-sampling in CIN2+ detection: sensitivity and specificity of different RLU cut-off of HC2 in specimens from 786 women.

AIMS: Mortality for cervical cancer varies between the different regions of the world, with high rates in low-income countries where screening programmes are not present and organised. However, increasing screening coverage is still a priority in all countries: one way to do that is to base screening on self-sampled screening. The success of a self-sampling screening strategy depends on capacity to recruit unscreened women, on the performance and acceptability of the device and on the clinical performance of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test. METHODS: This study based on 786 enrolled women investigates the best cut-off value of Hybrid Capture 2 HPV test (HC2) for self-sampled specimens in terms of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: In this population, we found that the sensitivity and the specificity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more detection of HC2 performed on self-sampled specimens were 82.5% and 82.8%, respectively considering the relative light units (RLU) cut-off value of 1. Increasing the cut-off value the sensitivity decreases and the specificity raises and the best area under the curve for the RLU cut-off value is 1. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that the cut-off value of 1 suggested by Qiagen for PreservCyt specimen is the best cut-off value also for self-sampled specimens.

Risk factors for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with mild cytological dyskaryosis: human papillomavirus testing versus multivariate tree analysis of demographic data.

The objective of this study was to compare the use of molecular hybridization by hybrid capture methodology for human papillomavirus (HPV) with the use of demographic and lifestyle variables as intermediate triage in patients with cytological mild dyskaryosis. The study was designed as a prospective study using regression tree analysis of demographic data in consecutive patients who were subjected to colposcopic evaluation at the colposcopy clinic at the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Milan (Milan, Italy). A total of 177 women were subjected to colposcopy because of a single routine Pap smear showing mild dyskaryosis. A structured interview, sampling for HPV testing for the detection of viral DNA by hybrid capture methodology, and colposcopic evaluation with cervical biopsies were performed for each subject. The accuracies of molecular hybridization for HPV and of the classification model based on the demographic and lifestyle variables in predicting patients with histologically high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions were measured. The classification model based on the demographic and lifestyle variables showed comparable results with molecular hybridization for HPV (specificity, 0.75 versus 0.73; sensitivity, 0.61 versus 0.67, respectively). The use of demographic and lifestyle variables appears to be a simple and economic possibility for triaging patients with mild dyskaryotic smears in a screening program.

Repeated gestational trophoblastic disease after natural and heterologous assisted conception. A case report.

We report the case of a woman with a familial history of gestational trophoblastic disease who developed repeated partial and complete moles after fertilization by her husband and heterologous assisted conception. This case has interesting etiologic implications, but it is difficult to make any extrapolation from this very peculiar case in terms of definition/quantification of maternal and paternal components in the development of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Evaluation of CO(2) laser excision or vaporization for the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the results of laser surgery in patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). METHODS: From January 1990 to December 1996, 52 patients with histologically proven VIN were treated with CO(2) laser vaporization or laser excision. The analysis included anamnestic characteristics, clinical aspects, types of treatment, correlation of the preoperative biopsy with the excised pathologic specimen, and follow-up results. RESULTS: Fourteen women underwent laser vaporization, and 38, laser excision. Of the patients submitted to vaporization, 11 were cured in one session (75%), 1 required two procedures, and 2 other patients, who underwent more treatments, eventually developed invasive squamous cell cancer 5 and 7 years from the initial treatment. The cure rate for laser excision was better, as a single session of treatment was curative in 33 of 38 patients (87%). In 3 cases the pathology report on the excised specimen showed an unrecognized invasive lesion (12%) and the women underwent radical surgery. The 2 remaining patients, both affected by multifocal disease, experienced recurrences and were treated with laser excision 2 and 3 years after the primary treatment, respectively. Symptom relief was obtained in all patients studied with both laser vaporization and excision. CONCLUSIONS: Excisional laser surgery is an effective treatment for patients with VIN. In addition, CO(2) laser excision allows evaluation of the operative specimen and detection of occult early invasion with good preservation of vulvar morphology; laser vaporization, while retaining good cosmetic results, is less effective in VIN treatment and does not allow evaluation of the surgical specimen.

[Immunobiology of vesicular mole and choriocarcinoma]. / Immunobiologia della mola vescicolare e del coriocarcinoma.

Molar tissue expresses HLA antigens evidenced in the father. These antigens are present on the trophoblastic extravillous tissue, not on the syncytium and cytotrophoblast. These antigens show some characteristics of Qa murine antigens mapped in the HLA system linked to class I antigens. Antibodies anti HLA against the partner antigens and lymphocytotoxic antibodies have been evidenced in the serum of patients with vesicular mole. In vesicular mole the production of antibodies should be determined by the immunogenicity of cells that infiltrate the decidua, expressing paternal HLA antigens. It has been demonstrated that the recognition of "not self" antigens in the mother should stimulate a cellular immune response. We do not know why the tumor grows. Maybe the woman is not able to produce anti HLA antibodies although recognizes them as "not self", or the patients is not antigenically stimulated because there is immunocompatibility between the two partners. The literature shows that the development and progression of the disease are stimulated by histocompatibility, although this factors does not seem fundamental. If the two partners are histocompatible the tumor can be less immunogenic, so the mother shows a lower response and the growth of the tumor appears to be favoured.

Operator variability in disease detection and grading by colposcopy in patients with mild dysplastic smears.

BACKGROUND: To determine interoperator variability in the colposcopic evaluation of patients with mild dysplastic smears, retrospective comparison of colposcopy and biopsy results in 856 patients examined by 11 colposcopists in the Outpatient Colposcopy Clinic of "L. Mangiagalli" Institute, Milano, was performed. METHODS: The patients underwent a complete colposcopic assessment and target biopsy on suspect areas if a screening smear showed mild dysplasia. Colposcopic findings and disease detection rate for each operator were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the recording of abnormal colposcopic findings. Significant differences were found, however, in abnormal transformation zone grading (P < 0.001), biopsy rate (P < 0.05), and squamocolumnar junction visualization (P < 0.005). There was no significant difference in overall disease detection (P > 0.5) but there was a statistically significant, inverse relation (r = -0.6, P < 0.01) between the high grade (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3) and low grade (human papillomavirus/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1) detection rate for each operator. CONCLUSIONS: High grade disease detection in patients with mild dysplastic smears is influenced the subjectivity of the colposcopic examination. This should be considered when planning optimal management for patients with mild dysplasia.