[Analysis of correlation factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis].

Objective: To examine the correlation factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis. Methods: The clinical data of patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection and ipsilateral cervical lymph node dissection from June 2016 to June 2018 at Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 317 patients, including 87 males and 230 females, aged (41.4±12.1) years (range: 16 to 75 years), were enrolled in this study. The risk factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis were analyzed by χ2 test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results: There were 116, 69, 269, and 181 cases of pretracheal lymph node, prelaryngeal lymph node, ipsilateral central lymph node and contralateral central lymph node metastasis, respectively, and 16 cases of skipping metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that contralateral central lymph node metastasis was associated with gender, maximum tumor diameter, capsule invasion, pretracheal lymph node metastasis, prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis, and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that male (rs=0.162, P=0.004), maximum tumor diameter>10 mm (rs=0.184, P=0.001), capsule invasion (rs=0.135, P=0.016), pretracheal lymph node metastasis (rs=0.394, P<0.01), prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis (rs=0.272, P<0.01) and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis (rs=0.203, P<0.01) were independent correlation factors for contralateral central lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: For patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, bilateral central lymph node dissection should be considered if male, tumor diameter>10 mm, capsule invasion, pretracheal lymph node metastasis, prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis, or ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis.

[Current status and consideration of parathyroid autotransplantation].

Hypoparathyroidism is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. Permanent hypoparathyroidism would bring great pain to patients, seriously affect the postoperative quality of life, is becoming the source of medical disputes. Parathyroid autotransplantation can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism. However, there are still some dispute about the choice, including the time, the number, the method and the location of parathyroid autotransplantation, which need to be further researched. As a result, the program and survival rate of parathyroid autotransplantation will be optimized and improved, respectively.

Cushing Syndrome Caused by a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour and Its Pelvic Metastases.

Cushing's syndrome caused by an ectopic tumour secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is not common. Furthermore, an ACTH-secreting panreatic neoplasm is extremely rare. We present a 27-year old female patient suffering from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (p-NET) with extensive pelvic metastases, which could secrete ACTH and cause Cushing's syndrome. The postoperative pathologic examinations of this patient prompted pancreatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumour with extensive metastases of bilateral ovarian, uterus and pelvic peritoneum. The immunohistochemical staining of her tumour tissues was positive for Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin and ACTH. The main aim of this article is to share the experience of her diagnosis and treatment and to review the relevant literature, with an emphasis on discussing the possible transfer modes. Moreover, we strongly suggest that a careful examination of pelvic cavity during the follow-up of patients diagnosed as ACTH-secreting p-NET should also be carried out.

Bipolar diathermy or ligation for haemostasis in tonsillectomy? A prospective study on post-operative pain.

Forty-nine children for tonsillectomy were entered in a prospective controlled single blind study to compare the post-tonsillectomy morbidity of bipolar diathermy as opposed to ligation for haemostasis. We found no significant difference in post-operative discomfort nor reactionary or secondary haemorrhage in the two methods used. This is the first controlled trial where bipolar, rather than unipolar diathermy is used, and compared with ligation in the operation of tonsillectomy.

Management of lateral cystic swellings of the neck, in the over 40s' age group.

We present a series of three case reports of patients over the age of 40 with cystic swellings in the lateral neck. Clinically they masqueraded as branchial cysts, but subsequently were diagnosed as being squamous cell carcinoma cystic lymph node metastasis arising from an occult tonsillar primary. Currently there is an absence of national guidelines for the treatment of lateral neck cysts in the over 40s' age group that subsequently prove to be cystic metastases from occult tonsillar primaries. This disease process is more common than thought, with up to 80 per cent of so-called branchial cysts in the over 40s' age group being malignant. We recommend that patients over the age of 40 presenting with lateral cystic swellings in the neck should have a high suspicion of malignancy and require a panendoscopy, ipsilateral tonsillectomy and blind biopsies of Waldeyer's ring. This avoids inadvertent excision of a possible cystic lymph node metastasis. If the panendoscopy histology proves to be benign, then proceed to excision of the cyst with frozen section analysis of it. If this confirms it to be benign then that is all that is necessary; if the frozen section is however positive for carcinoma then the surgeon can proceed at that time to a formal neck dissection and therefore avoid a further procedure. In the event of an occult tonsillar malignancy, excision of the cyst as part of a neck dissection with post-operative radiotherapy is recommended. It is our aim to treat a cystic lymph node metastasis as you would a solid lymph node metastasis.

Pancreatic Castleman's Disease: Studies of Three Cases And A Cumulative Review of the Literature.

Castleman's disease (CD) is a relatively rare and benign disorder. Pancreatic localization of CD is even more rare and is usually indistinguishable from pancreatic neoplasms. We report three cases of CD in which pancreas was all involved. One located in the tail of the pancreas, who accepted distal pancreatectomy, and the others in the head accepted enucleation. In addition, we review current data on its pathogenesis, imaging findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment.