[Retrospective study of young bladder urothelial carcinoma from a single center within 16 years].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and pathological features, treatment and prognosis for bladder urothelial carcinoma in relative young patients under 40 years. METHODS: A retrospective study involved a total of 43 consecutive patients of bladder urothelial carcinoma, which were under 40 years old from January 2001 to December 2016. RESULTS: The incidence rate of bladder urothelial carcinoma in the patients under 40 years was 2.2%, and 35 males and 8 females were included. The average age was 33 years (ranging from 23 to 40 years). At initial visit, 62.8% of the patients presented with painless gross hematuria, 9 patients were discovered by routine examination, and 7 patients experienced lower urinary tract symptoms. Solitary tumor occurred in 34 cases whereas multiple carcinomas had been discovered in 9 cases，and all the 9 multiple cases were from 31-40-year-old subgroups. All the patients received proper surgical intervention according to their own clinical stages. Post-operative pathological results showed 29 low-grade urothelial carcinoma and 14 high-grade cases which included 31 Ta cases, with 7 cases of T1, 1 case of T3, and 3 cases of T4 and one case of T1 plus Tis. The total follow-up was from 5 to 165 months, 3 cases were lost. The overall recurrence rate was 12.5% (5 cases from 40). One patient developed distal metastasis, one died of metastasis after 13 months, and the other three received secondary trans-urethral resection of bladder tumors. The average recurrence time was 39 months (ranging from 3 to 105 months). The progression rate was 5% among all the followed-up patients (2 cases from 40). The recurrence rate in multiple lesions group (33%, 3/9) was significantly higher than that (5.9%, 2/34) in solitary lesion group (P=0.000 3). CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of bladder urothelial carcinoma in young patients under 40 years becomes increasingly higher over years. The major initial presentation is painless gross hematuria among these young patients, but lower urinary tract symptoms should also be noticed for young patients to rule out tumor. Postoperative tumor recurrence might be associated with multiple lesions, which is not related to the tumor size or pathological features.

A diarylethene-derived probe for colorimetric detection of CN- and highly selective fluorescent recognition of I.

A new photochromic diarylethene derivative with 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole was synthesized, and its multi-controllable switch behavior was investigated in detail when triggered by light and anions. When triggered by CN-, the absorption spectra of the diarylethene showed a new band at 474 nm with an obvious color change from colorless to bright yellow. Upon addition of I-, the diarylethene compound displayed a new absorption band at 297 nm and the original absorption at 370 nm also increased, and the fluorescence intensity exhibited obvious fluorescence quenching with fluorescence color change from a light royal blue to dark. The results indicated that the diarylethene derivative exhibited naked-eye detection of CN- and the fluorescent recognition of I-.

Enhanced dielectric properties of nanocrystalline (Ba0.65Sr0.35)TiO3 thin films grown on CaRuO3 buffer layers.

Highly (100)-oriented and (110)-oriented (Ba0.65Sr0.35)TiO3 (BSTO) and (Ba0.65Sr0.35)TiO3/CaRuO3 (BSTO/CRO) heterostructure thin films, have been grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The structure and surface morphology of the films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dielectric constants of the films changes significantly with applied dc bias field and have high tunability of 76.3% and 78.1% at an applied field of 256.3 kV/cm, respectively for BSTO and BSTO/CRO thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The tunability of the BSTO/CRO heterostructure thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate was higher than that of the BSTO thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. The high tunability has been attributed to the (110) texture of the films and lager grain sizes.

Influence of wastewater composition on biological nutrient removal in UniFed SBR process.

The effects of influent C/N ratio and C/P ratio on biological nutrient removal performance were investigated in a lab-scale UniFed SBR apparatus treating real domestic wastewater. The results showed that TN removal efficiency increased as C/N ratio increased from 43.6% at 2.8 to 80.8% at 5.7. But when C/N ratio increased further, TN removal efficiency increased very slowly. This was because when C/N ratio was higher than 5.7, complete denitrification in the sludge blanket during feed/decant period had been achieved, TN removal efficiency during this period always kept the maximum value and only TN removal efficiency during aeration period rose as C/N ratio increased. PO(4) (3-) removal efficiency increased as C/N ratio increased from 27.3% at 2.8 to 88.1% at 5.7. When C/N ratio was 6.5 and above, PO(4) (3-) concentration couldn't be detected in the effluent. When influent C/N ratio and volumetric exchange ratio were fixed at 6 and 33% respectively, as C/P ratio was higher than 33, PO(4) (3-) concentration of effluent always remained below the detection level and phosphorus removal efficiency kept stable at 100%, but as the C/P ratio was lower than 33, phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/P ratio increased linearly. C/P ratio hardly affected TN removal efficiency, which always kept at 82.2%-85.8% in this study.