ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The immune system has an important role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Altered cytokines levels characterise both diseases and contributes to periodontal tissue damage in CP and to macrocomplexes deposition with connective tissue destruction in SLE. This study aimed to evaluate the production of salivary cytokines in patients with SLE and its association with periodontal status. METHODS: The sample comprised 70 SLE patients and 70 paired controls. SLE activity and damage were scored using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index. Subjects were classified as without or with CP. Salivary concentrations of IL-33, MMP2/TIMP2, RANK and OPG were measured by ELISA, while IL-2, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A were determined by Cytometric Bead Array. Linear regression models analysed association among SLE, CP and salivary cytokines. RESULTS: IL-6 and IL-17A concentrations were significantly higher in SLE/CP patients than controls/CP. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33 were increased in SLE/CP individuals when compared to SLE without CP. Multivariate model revealed association of cumulative dose of corticoids with periodontal damage and of IL-33 salivary concentration with SLE activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that long-term therapy with corticoids would contribute with periodontal destruction in SLE patients. Moreover, the increased levels of IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33 in saliva of SLE subjects with CP may signal it as possible inflammatory pathways in this process.
Subject(s)
Chronic Periodontitis/immunology , Cytokines/analysis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Saliva/immunology , Cytokines/metabolism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HumansABSTRACT
This study sought to review current guidelines and the most optimal dental management for patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Chronic Periodontitis/complications , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Dental Care , Endocarditis/etiology , Endocarditis/prevention & control , Heart Valves/surgery , Perioperative Care , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Humans , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Risk , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Individuals with chronic liver disease (CLD) have an increased risk of bleeding from thrombocytopenia and changes in hemostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of and the factors associated with the occurrence of bleeding in CLD patients who underwent dental surgical procedures. This was a retrospective study whose data were collected in a hospital dentistry service between 2010 and 2016. The patients were referred from the gastroenterology and liver transplantation services of a university hospital for dental treatment. The study followed the STROBE guidelines. Among the 71 surgical procedures performed, there were 17 (24%) perioperative and postoperative bleeding episodes, 14 of which were in pretransplant patients and 11 received blood transfusion before dental surgery. Individuals with a previous history of bleeding (PRâ=â2.67, CIâ=â1.07-6.67, P â=â0.035) and those with a platelet count before surgery 50â×â10 9 /l or less (PRâ=â7.48, CIâ=â1.70-32.86, P â=â0.008) had a higher prevalence of perioperative and postoperative bleeding episodes than their peers without a previous history of bleeding, and those with platelet count greater than 50â×â10 9 /l. The approach to individuals with CLD is complex and represents a challenge to the clinician. A careful anamnesis combined with laboratory screening of coagulation disorders appears to be useful to identify individuals at a major risk of bleeding. Studies identifying the predisposing factors of bleeding in CLD patients support well tolerated protocols for oral surgery in this group.
Subject(s)
Liver Diseases , Oral Surgical Procedures , Thrombocytopenia , Humans , Liver Diseases/complications , Liver Diseases/surgery , Oral Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Postoperative Hemorrhage/complications , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Thrombocytopenia/complicationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Quantitative assessment of bleeding in dental extractions is rarely reported in the literature. The assessment of bleeding might provide additional evidence to predict and minimize postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of bleeding in individuals taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) submitted to dental extractions. METHODS: Intraoperative bleeding was evaluated by using total collected bleeding corrected by absorbance reading (dental bleeding score). To monitoring bleeding episodes from the day of surgery, this cohort was followed up until the seventh postoperative day. RESULTS: Forty-five procedures were performed in three comparative groups, patients under DOACs, individuals taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and without anticoagulant therapy. No bleeding events were observed in procedures carried out in individuals of the DOAC group. Additional hemostatic measures were required in two procedures in the VKA group and one in the non-anticoagulated group. The dental bleeding scores obtained for the DOAC and VKA groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the DOAC therapy did not result in increased bleeding outcomes in this sample.
Subject(s)
Oral Surgical Procedures , Surgery, Oral , Administration, Oral , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Humans , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
: To investigate perioperative and postoperative bleeding, complications in patients under therapy with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs submitted to oral surgery. To evaluate the risk of bleeding and safety for dental surgery, a retrospective chart review was performed. Medical and dental records of patients taking oral antithrombotic drugs undergoing dental surgery between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. Results were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test, t test or the χ test. One hundred and seventy-nine patients underwent 293 surgical procedures. A total of eight cases of perioperative and 12 episodes of postoperative bleeding were documented. The complications were generally managed with local measures and did not require hospitalization. We found significant association of postoperative hemorrhage with increased perioperative bleeding (Pâ=â0.043) and combination of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy (Pâ<â0.001). The chance of postoperative hemorrhage for procedures with increased perioperative bleeding is 8.8 times bigger than procedures without perioperative bleeding. Dental surgery in patients under antithrombotic therapy might be carried out without altering the regimen because of low risk of perioperative and postoperative bleeding. However, patients with increased perioperative bleeding should be closely followed up because of postoperative complications risk.