Brattleboro Rats as the Model of Blood Hyperviscosity Syndrome for Testing Substances with Hemorheological Activity.

Hyperviscosity syndrome was described in Brattleboro rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of Brattleboro rats using, as a test system for the study of agents with hemorheological activity. Under conditions of this model of high blood viscosity syndrome in Brattleboro rats, Lychnis chalcedonica L. extract (150 mg/kg) administered intragastrically for 10 days exhibited hemorheological activity by modulating macro- (plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration) and microrheological (erythrocyte aggregation and deformability parameters. Hence, Brattleboro rats are an adequate model of hyperviscosity syndrome that can be used for search and testing of substances with hemorheological activity.

[Effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides extract in combination with dosed physical load on hemorheological parameters of rats with myocardial infarction].

The administration of the extract from Rhaponticum carthamoides (150 mg/kg, p.o., for 10 days) in combination with dosed low-power exercise in rats with experimental myocardial infarction led to an improvement of hemorheological indices, which was manifested by a decrease in the whole blood viscosity, aggregation of erythrocytes, and increase in erythrocyte deformability. In particular, the extract from R. carthamoides contributed to an increase in the hematocrit/blood viscosity, which was indicative of an improvement of the blood overall oxygen transport capacity. In addition, administration of the extract in combination with dosed exercise favored normalization of the lactate and pyruvate concentrations in blood of rats with myocardial infarction.

Antithrombotic and thrombolytic effects of a new proteolytic preparation Trombovazim (Russia).

We studied the antithrombotic and thrombolytic effects of Trombovazim, a highly-purified proteolytic enzyme preparation obtained by immobilization of bacterial proteinases (Bacillus) on polyethylene oxide with a molecular weight of 1.5 kDa. Blood absorption of the preparation was evaluated after intragastric administration. In vitro experiments showed that Trombovazim produces anticoagulant and thrombolytic effects, which manifested in inhibition of fibrin clot formation and acceleration of its lysis. Drug concentration in the blood was elevated from the 4th to the 7th hour after intragastric administration of Trombovazim in a dose of 2250 U/kg, being maximum by the 5th hour (0.044+/-0.011 U/ml). Course treatment with Trombovazim (1000 U intragastrically, twice daily for 3 days) had a thrombolytic effect on rats with experimental intravascular thrombosis. This effect was manifested in a decrease in thrombus weight and increase in the percent of rats with recanalization of the occluded carotid artery.

[Cerebroprotector activity of Rhaponticum carthamoides extract in rats with brain ischemia].

Electron microscopy and electrophysiological data reveal pronounced structural and functional disturbances in cerebral cortex of rats with model brain ischemia. A 5-day treatment with a dry extract from Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. in a daily dose of 150 mg/kg (p.o.) equivalent to 2.7 mg ecdysterone per kg body weight reduced manifestations of the ischemic damage, improved the structure of neurons, and restored brain activity (EEG parameters).

[The correction of the increased blood viscosity syndrome in brain ischemia in rats with a combination of dikvertin and ascorbic acid]. / Korrektsiia sindroma povyshennoi viazkosti krovi v usloviiakh ishemii mozga u krys kompleksom dikvertina i askorbinovoi kisloty.

In experiments in vitro on a model of the syndrome of increased blood viscosity dikvertin reduced blood viscosity, weakened aggregation of red cells and raised their property of becoming distorted. A mixture of dikvertin and ascorbic acid improved the hemorrheologic parameters better than do dikvertin and tanakan. On a model of chronic ischemia of the brain of rats attended with deterioration of blood rheologic parameters, it was demonstrated that a course of treatment with a dikvertin and ascorbic acid complex decreases the manifestations of the syndrome of increased blood viscosity.

[The hemorheological effects of Lychnis chalcedonica L. extracts]. / Gemoreologicheskie éffekty ékstraktov Lychnis chalcedonica L.

The hemorrheological effects of extracts from Maltese cross campion (Lychnis chalcedonica L.) prepared using 40% (I) and 70% (II) aqueous ethanol solutions were studied in vitro in comparison with tanakan on the model of high blood viscosity syndrome. Under the hyperthermia conditions, extracts I and II at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) g/ml limited the growth of blood viscosity and thrombocyte aggregation and the drop in thrombocyte deformability. The effects of both extracts were comparable to those of tanakan. Prolonged (5 days) administration of extract I (daily dose, 150 mg/kg p.o) in rats with arterial hypertension (SHR) decreased the viscosity of whole blood and plasma, reduced the concentration of fibrinogen, and increased the deformability of erythrocytes. No reliable effects of the extracts in vivo upon the erythrocyte aggregation and hematocrit were observed.

[Effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides extract on hemorheological properties of blood in rats with arterial hypertension]. / Vliianie ekstrakta levzei salorovidnoi na reoloigheskie svoistva krovi u krys s arterial'noi gipertenzei.

The hemorheological activity of a dry extract from Rhaponticum (Leuzea) carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A 14-day treatment of the test rats with a daily dose of 150 mg/kg improved the rheological characteristics, as manifested by a reduced viscosity of the whole blood and plasma, increased spontaneous erythrocyte aggregation and fibrinogen concentration, and increased erythrocyte deformability and electrophoretic mobility against the untreated control level.

[Disorders of blood rheology in Walker's carcinosarcoma-256 and in cyclophosphamide treatment of rats]. / Narusheniia reologicheskikh svoistv krovi u krys s kartsinosarkomoi 256 Walker i pri khimioterapii tsiklofosfanom.

Tumor process development in rats inoculated with cellular suspension of transplantable Walker's carcinosarcoma-256 involved enhanced thickening of blood on day 7. Treatment with 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, thrice a day, every other day, retarded tumor process and brought hemorheologic indices further down, at the same time. Similar treatment of intact rats with cyclophosphamide caused hemorheologic disorders too.

[Resection of the lung in tuberculosis]. / Rezektsiia legkogo pri tuberkuleze.

The results of surgical treatment in 175 patients (two patients were subjected to bilateral pulmonary resection) are reported. Fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis was observed in 92 patients. The complex of preoperative management comprised increased doses of ascorbic acid to prevent postoperative capillary hemorrhages. Postoperative complications developed in 23 patients, these were liquidated in 20 cases. There were 3 deaths. A complete cure was gained in 99 patients, considerable improvement--in 71, some improvement--in 2. Late results were followed up in 160 patients within the period from 1 to 4 years. The recurrent tuberculous process was noted in 6 cases.

[Formation of a colonic reservoir while performing a low anterior resection of the rectum]. / Formirovanie tolstokishechnogo rezervuara pri vypolnenii nizkoi perednei kishki.

The aim of the investigation was to determine the most functionally grounded level of the formation of colonic reservoir from the margin of the anal canal while performing a low anterior resection of the rectum. Sphincter-preserving operations were performed in 113 patient with the formation of colonic reservoir and direct stepler colorectal anastomosis. Questionnaires and apparatus "Colodynamic-3" were used to follow-up 28 patients with the reservoir (main group) and 19 patients with a direct anastomosis on whom the operations had been made more than a year ago. The rate of the development of complications was almost the same in the both groups--28.5% and 26% correspondingly. The reservoir-accumulating function became less in the group of "direct" anastomoses. The best parameters of the reservoir-accumulating and evacuatory ability of the colonic reservoir were found to be in patients with the level of anastomoses 4-6 cm from the anal canal margin. Creation of the reservoir was more difficult in patients with the carneus mesentery and a small width of the sigmoid colon.

Effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides extract on structural and metabolic parameters of erythrocytes in rats with cerebral ischemia.

Cerebral ischemia in rats was accompanied by an increase in erythrocyte degradation, which results from changes in lipid composition of their membranes. The content of lipids and phospholipid fraction (phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine) decreased, while the relative content of lysophospholipids increased in erythrocyte membranes. The course of treatment with Rhaponticum carthamoides extract (150 mg/kg perorally, 5 days) contributed to an increase in the contents of total lipids and phospholipids (primarily of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine) and decrease in the ratio of lysophospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane of rats with cerebral ischemia. Morphological characteristics of erythrocytes returned to normal, which manifested in an increase in the number of discocytes and decrease in the count of degenerated cells.

Effect of Alchemilla vulgaris extract on the structure and function of erythrocyte membranes during experimental arterial hypertension.

The course of treatment with Alchemilla vulgaris extract increased the concentrations of lipids and phospholipids in erythrocyte membranes, decreased the number of abnormal erythrocytes, and improved deformability of red blood cells in rats with arterial hypertension.

[Clinical efficacy of a novel hemorheological drug ascovertin in patients with vascular encephalopathy]. / Klinicheskaia éffektivnost' novogo gemoreologicheskogo preparata askovertin u bol'nykh s distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatiei.

Patients with stages I and II of vascular encephalopathy developing on the background of atherosclerosis were treated with ascovertin during 21 days. Ascovertin is a complex of flavonoid dihydroquercetin and ascorbic acid. The study group included 21 patients aged 45-65 years and a comparison group consisted of 10 age-matched patients un treated with ascovertin. The ascovertin treatment relieved headache, reduced vertigo and fatigability, improved cognitive functions. The reliable diminishing of whole blood viscosity due to improvement of cellular rheology indices (decrease of aggregation and increase of erythrocyte deformability as well as decrease of indices of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membrane and blood plasma) was observed in the stydy group but not in the comparison one.