ABSTRACT
AIM: Thyroid hormones regulate metabolic response. While triiodothyronine (T3) is usually considered to be the active form of thyroid hormone, one form of diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) exerts T3-like effects on energy consumption and lipid metabolism. 3,5-T2 also improves glucose tolerance in rats and 3,5-T2 levels correlate with fasting glucose in humans. Presently, however, little is known about mechanisms of 3,5-T2 effects on glucose metabolism. Here, we set out to compare effects of T3, 3,5-T2 and another form of T2 (3,3-T2) in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and determined effects of T3 and 3,5-T2 on markers of classical insulin sensitization to understand how diiodothyronines influence blood glucose. METHODS: Cell- and protein-based assays of thyroid hormone action. Assays of metabolic parameters in mice. Analysis of transcript and protein levels in different tissues by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: T3 and 3,5-T2 both reduce body weight, adiposity and body temperature despite increased food intake. 3,3'-T2 lacks these effects. T3 and 3,5-T2 reduce blood glucose levels, whereas 3,3'-T2 worsens glucose tolerance. Neither T3 nor 3,5-T2 affects markers of insulin sensitization in skeletal muscle or white adipose tissue (WAT), but both reduce hepatic GLUT2 glucose transporter levels and glucose output. T3 and 3,5-T2 also induce expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) 3 and 1 in skeletal muscle and WAT respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 3,5-T2 influences glucose metabolism in a manner that is distinct from insulin sensitization and involves reductions in hepatic glucose output and changes in energy utilization.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/drug effects , Diiodothyronines/pharmacology , Insulin Resistance , Animals , Diet, High-Fat , Energy Metabolism/drug effects , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Obesity , Triiodothyronine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
We demonstrate experimentally that a self-sustained radio frequency (RF) signal delivered from our most-compact RF circuit generator is efficiently integrated into a CO2 waveguide laser slab, impedance-matched electrode. The whole circuit uses a common source MOSFET transistor that will be modified for self-sustained oscillations terminated at 50?. RF power is directly integrated into the laser resonant cavity of the laser ceramic-metal slab (the electrode). Measurement showed the power efficiency of the oscillator circuit to be more than 70%, and the overall electrical-to-optical power efficiency conversion was larger than the standard 10%.
ABSTRACT
There has been little attention to the problem of violent stressors leading to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among opioid-dependent patients. In a sample of methadone maintenance patients, the prevalence of lifetime PTSD was determined to be 20% for women and 11% for men. The most common stressors reported were rape for women and seeing someone hurt or killed for men. Further research with methadone patients focused on PTSD should also ascertain current rates of PTSD and determine whether special treatments for PTSD and related problems of depression and suicidal ideation are necessary.
Subject(s)
Methadone/therapeutic use , Opioid-Related Disorders/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Urban Population , Violence/psychology , Adult , Comorbidity , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Homicide/psychology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Opioid-Related Disorders/rehabilitation , Rape/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The reported association of mitral valve prolapse with autonomic dysfunction and neuroendocrine abnormalities is derived from studies of patients selected because of symptoms or specifically referred for investigation. To determine whether such associations occur in nonreferred and unselected women with mitral valve prolapse, we measured blood pressure, heart rate, and norepinephrine response to standing in 13 volunteers with mitral valve prolapse and in 11 control subjects. Platelet alpha-adrenergic receptor quantity and affinity on standing also were determined in all persons. No significant differences were found between the groups in any of these measurements. Although small subsets of women with mitral valve prolapse may indeed have associated neuroendocrine epiphenomena and autonomic dysfunction, it is probably incorrect to generalize these findings to the vast spectrum of those with mitral valve prolapse.
Subject(s)
Hypotension, Orthostatic/physiopathology , Mitral Valve Prolapse/physiopathology , Norepinephrine/physiology , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Blood Pressure , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Middle Aged , Norepinephrine/pharmacology , PostureABSTRACT
Se estudian las piezas quirúrgicas y material de autopsia, obtenidas en el I.G.B.J. (Instituto de Gastroenterología Boliviano japonés) de la ciudad de La Paz en 6 años (1978-1983), analizando en ellas el comportamiento anatomapatológico desde el punto de vista macro y microscópico. El adenocarcinoma simple es el de mayor frecuencia, crecen preferentemente en forma infiltrante y en su mayoría se asocian a colecistitis y colelitiasis. Las lesiones epiteliales del tipo de la hiperplasia simple, hiperplasia atípica y carcinoma in situ fueron frecuentes en vesículas resecadas por carcinoma invasivo y poco frecuentes en vesículas resecadas por lesiones benignas de la vía biliar. La mayor parte de las neoplasias pertenecen al grupo V de la estadificación de Nevin