Water rights trading planning and its application in water resources management: A water-ecology-food nexus perspective.

Nexus approach provides an effective perspective for implementing synergetic management of water resources. In this study, an interval two-stage chance-constrained water rights trading planning model under water-ecology-food nexus perspective (ITCWR-WEF) is proposed to analyze the interaction between water trading and water-ecology-food (WEF) nexus, which fills in the water resources management gaps from a novel nexus perspective. ITCWR-WEF incorporates hydrological simulation with soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), water rights configuration with interval two-stage chance-constrained programming (ITCP), and multi-criterion analysis with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The developed ITCWR-WEF is applied to a real case of Daguhe watershed, which has characteristics of water scarcity, food producing areas and fragile ecosystem. Initial water rights allocation is addressed before the trading. Mechanisms analysis is designed to reveal mutual effect of water rights trading and WEF nexus. Optimal water management scenario is identified through multi-criterion analysis. Results reveal that the mechanism of water rights trading with WEF nexus under low constraint-violation risk level of water availability and environment capacity is recommended to promote the rational water resources allocation to balance the economic goals, water environment and water supply security, as well as ecological and food water demand guarantees.

Nanosensor Based on the Dual-Entropy-Driven Modulation Strategy for Intracellular Detection of MicroRNA.

The entropy-driven strategy has been proposed as a milestone work in the development of nucleic acid amplification technology. With the characteristics of an enzyme-free, isothermal, and relatively simple design, it has been widely used in the field of biological analysis. However, it is still a challenge to apply entropy-driven amplification for intracellular target analysis. In this study, a dual-entropy-driven amplification system constructed on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is developed to achieve fluorescence determination and intracellular imaging of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21). The dual-entropy-driven amplification strategy internalizes the fuel chain to avoid the complexity of the extra addition in the traditional entropy-driven amplification strategy. The unique self-locked fuel chain system is established by attaching the three-stranded structure on two groups of AuNPs, where the Cy5 fluorescent label was first quenched by AuNPs. After the target miRNA-21 is identified, the fuel chain will be automatically unlocked, and the cycle reaction will be driven, leading to fluorescence recovery. The self-powered and waste-recycled fuel chain greatly improves the automation and intelligence of the reaction process. Under the optimal conditions, the linear response range of the nanosensor ranges from 5 pM to 25 nM. This nanoreaction system can be used to realize intracellular imaging of miRNA-21, and its good specificity enables it to distinguish tumor cells from healthy cells. The development of the dual-entropy-driven strategy provides an integrated and powerful way for intracellular miRNA analysis and shows great potential in the biomedical field.

Ultra-High Sensitivity Terahertz Microstructured Fiber Biosensor for Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease Marker Detection.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) are among top causes of patient health issues and fatalities in many countries. At present, terahertz biosensors have been widely used to detect chronic diseases because of their accurate detection, fast operation, flexible design and easy fabrication. In this paper, a Zeonex-based microstructured fiber (MSF) biosensor is proposed for detecting DM and CHD markers by adopting a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system. A suspended hollow-core structure with a square core and a hexagonal cladding is used, which enhances the interaction of terahertz waves with targeted markers and reduces the loss. This work focuses on simulating the transmission performance of the proposed MSF sensor by using a finite element method and incorporating a perfectly matched layer as the absorption boundary. The simulation results show that this MSF biosensor exhibits an ultra-high relative sensitivity, especially up to 100.35% at 2.2THz, when detecting DM and CHD markers. Furthermore, for different concentrations of disease markers, the MSF exhibits significant differences in effective material loss, which can effectively improve clinical diagnostic accuracy and clearly distinguish the extent of the disease. This MSF biosensor is simple to fabricate by 3D printing and extrusion technologies, and is expected to provide a convenient and capable tool for rapid biomedical diagnosis.

Application of Nanotechnology in Plant Genetic Engineering.

The ever-increasing food requirement with globally growing population demands advanced agricultural practices to improve grain yield, to gain crop resilience under unpredictable extreme weather, and to reduce production loss caused by insects and pathogens. To fulfill such requests, genome engineering technology has been applied to various plant species. To date, several generations of genome engineering methods have been developed. Among these methods, the new mainstream technology is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with nucleases. One of the most important processes in genome engineering is to deliver gene cassettes into plant cells. Conventionally used systems have several shortcomings, such as being labor- and time-consuming procedures, potential tissue damage, and low transformation efficiency. Taking advantage of nanotechnology, the nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery method presents technical superiority over conventional approaches due to its high efficiency and adaptability in different plant species. In this review, we summarize the evolution of plant biomolecular delivery methods and discussed their characteristics as well as limitations. We focused on the cutting-edge nanotechnology-based delivery system, and reviewed different types of nanoparticles, preparation of nanomaterials, mechanism of nanoparticle transport, and advanced application in plant genome engineering. On the basis of established methods, we concluded that the combination of genome editing, nanoparticle-mediated gene transformation and de novo regeneration technologies can accelerate crop improvement efficiently in the future.

Metabolomics analysis of three Artemisia species in the Tibet autonomous region of China.

BACKGROUND: The Artemisia species are widely distributed around the world, and have found important usage in traditional medicinal practice. This study was designed to investigate the metabolites of Tibetan Artemisia species and understand the metabolic pathways. METHODS: The metabolites from three Artemisia species in Tibet, were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. The differential metabolites were classified and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares analysis and hierarchical clustering. KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis was used to identify the key metabolic pathways involved in the differential metabolites of three Artemisia species. RESULT: The metabolites of three Artemisia species were analyzed. Under the positive ion mode in LC-MS/MS, 262 distinct metabolites were differentially detected from Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia annua, 312 differential metabolites were detected from Artemisia wellbyi and Artemisia sieversiana, 306 differential metabolites were screened from Artemisia wellbyi and Artemisia annua. With the negative ion mode, 106 differential metabolites were identified from Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia annua, 131 differential metabolites were identified from Artemisia wellbyi and Artemisia sieversiana,133 differential metabolites were differentially detected from Artemisia wellbyi and Artemisia annua. The selected differential metabolites were mainly organic acids and their derivatives, ketones, phenols, alcohols and coumarins. Among these natural compounds, artemisinin, has the highest relative content in Artemisia annua. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported attempt to comparatively determine the types of the metabolites of the three widely distributed Artemisia species in Tibet. The information should help medicinal research and facilitate comprehensive development and utilization of Artemisia species in Tibet.

A novel nonenzymatic ascorbic acid electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticals-chicken egg white-copper phosphate-graphene oxide hybrid nanoflowers.

Au-CEW-Cu3(PO4)2-GO nanoflowers (HNFs), which were assembled of gold nanoparticals (Au NPs), chicken egg white (CEW), copper phosphate (Cu3(PO4)2) and graphene oxide (GO) together to form a flower-like organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite, were synthesized through a simple and gentle one-pot co-precipitation method. The prepared samples were well characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer, x-ray diffraction and Raman spectrometer. The prepared Au-CEW-Cu3(PO4)2-GO HNFs was used to modify glassy carbon electrode to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for detection of ascorbic acid (AA). The electrochemical test results show that the linear range of the developed sensor is 8-300µM and the detection limit is 2.67µM (S/N = 3). While this sensor displays high sensitivity of 6.01 × 10-3µAµM-1cm-2and low detection potential of 35 mV due to the combination of the high conductivity of Au NPs, the larger specific surface area of GO and the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of CEW-Cu3(PO4)2HNFs. Moreover, the Au-CEW-Cu3(PO4)2-GO HNFs-based sensor was successfully developed for application in electrochemical detection of AA in vitamin C tablets.

miR-629-5p promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating ß-catenin.

Aberrant miR-629-5p expression in several cancer types has been reported. Nonetheless, its potential effect and mechanism of action on tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have rarely been analyzed. In this study, we found that miR-629-5p was upregulated in HCC tissue samples as compared to matched adjacent-tissue samples. Overexpression of miR-629-5p promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of human HCC cells in vitro, whereas miR-629-5p knockdown reduced these parameters. Consistently, miR-629-5p overexpression accelerated tumor growth and metastasis in a nude mouse model. Mechanistically, miR-629-5p directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) mRNA and suppressed its expression, resulting in the activation of ß-catenin. Inhibition of ß-catenin abrogated miR-629-5p-induced growth and invasiveness. Collectively, these results suggest that miR-629-5p activates ß-catenin signaling by downregulating SFRP2 and thus promotes the growth and metastasis of HCC. These data open up new prospects for HCC treatment.

A molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence nanoprobe based on complexes consisting of CdTe and multiwall carbon nanotube for sensitive determination of clenbuterol.

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanoprobe was fabricated for the determination of clenbuterol (CLB). A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film was coated on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode modified with CdTe-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes. The MIP film with CLB as the template molecule improves the selectivity of the nanoprobe, CdTe is used as ECL signal amplifier, and MWCNT works as the carrier. The ECL intensity is altered by elution and reabsorption of CLB. The possible reaction mechanism and experimental parameters of the nanoprobe are discussed. Under optimized conditions, the quenched ECL intensity and the CLB concentration have a linear relationship in the range 2.3 × 10-9 to 1.5 × 10-5 mol·L-1, and the detection limit is 1.0 × 10-9 mol·L-1 (S/N = 3). The nanoprobe was successfully applied to the determination of CLB in pork samples. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence nanoprobe based on complexes consisting of CdTe and multiwall carbon nanotube used to determinate clenbuterol.

Effects of environmental chemicals on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells.

The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of environmental chemicals, such as methyl mercury, paraquat, and bisphenol A, on cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as the expression levels of neuronal differentiation-related genes in neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs originated from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB-NSCs) were used as cell models in the current study. CCK-8 and flow cytometry experiments were performed to assess the effects of methyl mercury, paraquat, and bisphenol A on the proliferation and apoptosis of HUCB-NSCs at different processes, including proliferation and differentiation stages. The expressions of neuronal differentiation-related genes were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results showed that methyl mercury, paraquat, and bisphenol A treatments significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in HUCB-NSCs, as well as decreased the expressions of Oct4, Gdf3, and Sox1, whereas increased Pax6 and Ngn1 expressions at both mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that environmental chemicals can impair the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs, which may cause abnormal development of the nervous system.

Paraquat affects the differentiation of neural stem cells and impairs the function of vascular endothelial cells: a study of molecular mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of paraquat (PQ) exposure on gene expression in neural stem cells as well as structures and functions of vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: RNA-Seq was used to explore the differentially expressed genes in human umbilical cord blood-neural stem cells (HUCB-NSCs) at different stages (eg, proliferation, early and late differentiation) in the presence of PQ. The effects of PQ on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokines secretion, and expression of tight junction proteins, were assessed with CCK-8, flow cytometry, ELISA, and western blot analysis, individually. RESULTS: A total of 53 genes were up-regulated and 61 genes were down-regulated in PQ treated HUCB-NSCs, including seven genes associated with the differentiation of neural stem cells, for example, Gfap, S100B, Oct4, Gdf3, Sox1, Pax6, and Ngn1. PQ treatment significantly reduced the proliferation of HUVECs, inhibited cytokines secretion (VEGF, BFGF) and expressions of tight junction-associated protein (Claudin 1, Occludin, ZO-1), as well as induced significant apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that PQ impairs the development of nervous system by regulating the expression of genes associated with neural stem cell differentiation, as well as the structure and function of vascular endothelial cells, which together lead to abnormality in the nervous system.

A Comparative Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Tissue-Specific Phenolic Profiling in Two Acanthopanax Species.

Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. Maxim.) Harms (ASH) and Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. Maxim.) Seem (ASS), are members of the Araliaceae family, and both are used in Asian countries. These herbals have drawn much attention in recent years due to their strong biological activity, with innocuity and little side effects. However, the common and distinct mode of compound profiles between ASH and ASS is still unclear. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method was developed to simultaneously quantify the seven major active compounds, including protocatechuate, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, hyperoside, kaempferol and oleanolic acid. Then the targeted metabolomics were conducted to identify 19 phenolic compounds, with tight relation to the above mentioned active compounds, including nine C6C3C6-type, six C6C3-type and four C6C1-type in the two Acanthopanax species studied here. The results showed that the seven active compounds presented a similar trend of changes in different tissues, with more abundant accumulation in roots and stems for both plants. From the view of plant species, the ASH plants possess higher abundance of compounds, especially in the tissues of roots and stems. For phenolics, the 19 phenols detected here could be clearly grouped into five main clusters based on their tissue-specific accumulation patterns. Roots are the tissue for the most abundance of their accumulations. C6C3C6-type compounds are the most widely existing type in both plants. In conclusion, the tissue- and species-specificity in accumulation of seven active compounds and phenolics were revealed in two Acanthopanax species.

Ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for detection and real-time imaging of nitric oxide in mitochondria of living cells.

Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gaseous messenger, plays critical roles in various pathological and physiological progresses. The abnormal levels of NO in organisms are closely related to a large number of maladies. Mitochondria are the main area that produce NO in mammalian cells. Thus, detecting and real-time imaging of NO in mitochondria is of great significance for exploring the biological functions of NO. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent biosensor (Mito-GNP-pNO520) is developed for sensitive and selective detection and real-time imaging of NO in mitochondria of living cells. The detection is achieved through the fluorescence off-on response of Mito-GNP-pNO520 toward NO. This biosensor shows excellent characteristics, such as high sensitivity toward NO with a low detection limit of 0.25 nM, exclusive selectivity to NO without interference from other substances, good biological stability and low cytotoxicity. More importantly, the biosensor is specifically located in mitochondria, enabling the detection and real-time imaging of endogenous and exogenous NO in mitochondria of living cells. Therefore, our biosensor offers a new approach for dynamic detecting and real-time imaging of NO in subcellular organelles, providing an opportunity to explore new biological effects of NO.

Autophagic-lysosomal damage induced by swainsonine is protected by trehalose through activation of TFEB-regulated pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells.

Swainsonine (SW) is the main toxic component of locoweed. Previous studies have shown that kidney damage is an early pathologic change in locoweed poisoning in animals. Trehalose induces autophagy and alleviates lysosomal damage, while its protective effect and mechanism against the toxic injury induced by SW is not clear. Based on the published literature, we hypothesize that transcription factor EB(TFEB) -regulated is targeted by SW and activating TFEB by trehalose would reverse the toxic effects. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of protective effects of trehalose using renal tubular epithelial cells. The results showed that SW induced an increase in the expression level of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II and p62 proteins and a decrease in the expression level of ATPase H+ transporting V1 Subunit A, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin D, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 and TFEB proteins in renal tubular epithelial cells in a time and dose-dependent manner suggesting TFEB-regulated lysosomal pathway is adversely affected by SW. Conversely, treatment with trehalose, a known activator of TFEB promote TFEB nuclear translocation suggesting that TFEB plays an important role in protection against SW toxicity. We demonstrated in lysosome staining that SW reduced the number of lysosomes and increased the luminal pH, while trehalose could counteract these SW-induced effects. In summary, our results demonstrated for the first time that trehalose could alleviate the autophagy degradation disorder and lysosomal damage induced by SW. Our results provide an interesting method for reversion of SW-induced toxicity in farm animals and furthermore, activation of TFEB by trehalose suggesting novel mechanism of treating lysosomal storage diseases.

Quantifying the mutual effects of water trading and systematic water saving in a water-scarce watershed of China.

In this study, a conjunctive water management model based on interval stochastic bi-level programming method (CM-ISBP) is proposed for planning water trading program as well as quantifying mutual effects of water trading and systematic water saving. CM-ISBP incorporates water resources assessment with soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), systematic water-saving simulation combined with water trading, and interval stochastic bi-level programming (ISBP) within a general framework. Systematic water saving involves irrigation water-saving technologies (sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, low-pressure pipe irrigation), enterprise water-saving potential and water-saving subsidy. The CM-ISBP is applied to a real case of a water-scarce watershed (i.e. Dagu River watershed, China). Mutual effects of water trading and water-saving activities are simulated with model establishment and quantified through mechanism analysis. The fate of saved water under the systematic water saving is also revealed. The coexistence of the two systems would increase system benefits by [11.89, 12.19]%, and increase the water use efficiency by [40.04, 40.46]%. Thus mechanism that couples water trading and water saving is optimal and recommended according to system performance.

Metabolomic analysis of swainsonine poisoning in renal tubular epithelial cells.

Locoweed is a poisonous plant widely present in grasslands around the world. Swainsonine (SW), an indole alkaloid that, is the main toxic component of the locoweed. To understand the mechanism of SW-induced toxicity and to delineate the metabolic profile of locoweed poisoning we performed the LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomic study to analyze metabolites in SW-treated renal tubular epithelial cells (0.8 mg/mL, 12 h) and in order to identify the SW-induced metabolomic changes. The analysis identified 2,563 metabolites in positive ion mode and 1,990 metabolites in negative ion mode. Our results showed that the metabolites were mainly benzenoids, lipids and lipid-like molecules, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogs, organic acids, and derivatives. The differential metabolites were primarily enriched in pathways involving bile secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, ferroptosis, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and primidine metabolism. We have screened out substances such as swainsonine, 3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanate, 2-Hydroxyiminostilbene, and glycochenodeoxycholate, which may have the potential to serve as biomarkers for swainsonine poisoning. This study provides insights into the types of metabolomic alteration in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by swainsonine.

Construction and evaluation of liposomal drug delivery system for an ALK/HDACs dual-targeted inhibitor with sustained release and enhanced antitumor effect.

ALK/HDACs dual target inhibitor (PT-54) was a 2,4-pyrimidinediamine derivative synthesized based on the pharmacophore merged strategy that inhibits both anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating multiple cancers. However, its poor solubility in water limited its clinical application. In this study, we prepared PT-54 liposomes (PT-54-LPs) by the membrane hydration method to overcome this defect. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and particle size were used as evaluation indicators to explore the preparation conditions of PT-54-LPs. The morphology, particle size, EE, drug loading content (DLC), drug release properties, and stability of PT-54-LPs were further investigated. In vitro drug release studies showed that PT-54-LPs exhibited significant slow-release properties compared with free PT-54. PT-54-LPs also showed better tumor inhibitory effects than free PT-54 without significant adverse effects. These results suggested that PT-54-LPs displayed sustained drug release and significantly improved the tumor selectivity of PT-54. Thus, PT-54-LPs showed significant promise in enhancing anticancer efficiency.

Stable and homogeneous intermetallic alloys by atomic gas-migration for propane dehydrogenation.

Intermetallic nanoparticles (NPs) possess significant potentials for catalytic applications, yet their production presents challenges as achieving the disorder-to-order transition during the atom ordering process involves overcoming a kinetic energy barrier. Here, we demonstrate a robust approach utilizing atomic gas-migration for the in-situ synthesis of stable and homogeneous intermetallic alloys for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). This approach relies on the physical mixture of two separately supported metal species in one reactor. The synthesized platinum-zinc intermetallic catalysts demonstrate exceptional stability for 1300 h in continuous propane dehydrogenation under industrially relevant industrial conditions, with extending 95% propylene selectivity and propane conversions approaching thermodynamic equilibrium values at 550-600 oC. In situ characterizations and density functional theory/molecular dynamics simulation reveal Zn atoms adsorb on the particle surface and then diffuse inward, aiding in the formation of ultrasmall and highly ordered intermetallic alloys. This in-situ gas-migration strategy is applicable to a wide range of intermetallic systems.

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for postpartum hypogalactia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum hypogalactia (PH) is prominent during lactation and may negatively impact the mother's or infant's health. Acupuncture is widely used to increase maternal breast milk production. However, the effects of acupuncture on PH remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in individuals with PH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles on potentially eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for PH published from database inception to October 2023 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WanFang, and VIP databases. Two reviewers independently screened the records, extracted essential information, and evaluated the methodological quality of the RCTs using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool. The primary outcome was a change in serum prolactin (PRL) levels before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included milk secretion volume (MSV), total effective rate (TER), mammary fullness degree (MFD), and exclusive breastfeeding rate (EBR). Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan v5.4. Finally, the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool. RESULTS: This study included 19 RCTs involving 2,400 participants. The included studies were classified as having an unclear to high RoB. Our findings indicated that, overall, acupuncture showed a significant effect in increasing serum PRL levels (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 1.68), MSV (SMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 2.86), TER (relative risk [RR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42), and EBR (RR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.78) compared to that in the control group; however, no difference in MFD (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI: -0.09, 2.42) was observed. In the subgroup analysis, acupuncture combined with Chinese herbs or conventional treatment was significantly more effective in increasing serum PRL levels, MSV, and TER than did Chinese herbs or conventional treatment alone. Moreover, acupuncture alone resulted in significantly higher serum PRL levels compared to Chinese herbs; however, this benefit was not observed for TER and MFD. The quality of evidence was critically low. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture may effectively increase milk secretion in women with PH. However, owing to the low quality of evidence, further rigorously designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

Research status and trends of physical activity on depression or anxiety: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental disorders. As modern society continues to face mounting pressures, the incidence of anxiety and depression is on the rise. In recent years, there has been an increasing breadth of research exploring the relationship between anxiety, depression, and physical activity (PA). However, the current research progress and future development trends are unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the research hotspots and development trends in this field, and to provide guidance for future studies and to provide some reference for clinicians. Methods: We searched the relevant literature of Web of Science Core Collection from the establishment of the database to August 15, 2023. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometrix Packages based on the R language were used to analyze the number of publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Results: A total of 1,591 studies were included in the analysis, and the research in the field of PA on anxiety or depression has consistently expanded. The USA (304 publications), Harvard University (93 publications), and the journal of affective disorders (97 publications) were the countries, institutions, and journals that published the highest number of articles, respectively. According to the keywords, students and pregnant women, adult neurogenesis, and Tai Chi were the groups of concern, physiological and pathological mechanisms, and the type of PA of interest, respectively. Conclusion: The study of PA on anxiety or depression is experiencing ongoing expansion. Clinicians can consider advising patients to take mind-body exercise to improve mood. In addition, future researchers can explore the mind-body exercise and its impact on anxiety or depression, PA and anxiety or depression in specific populations, and adult neurogenesis of various exercise in anxiety or depression.

Enhanced delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system based on biomimetic nanoparticles for hepatitis B virus therapy.

The persistent presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in hepatocyte nuclei poses a significant obstacle to achieving a comprehensive cure for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Current applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for targeting and eliminating cccDNA have been confined to in vitro studies due to challenges in stable cccDNA expression in animal models and the limited non-immunogenicity of delivery systems. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a novel non-viral gene delivery system utilizing Gemini Surfactant (GS). The developed system creates stable and targeted CRISPR/Cas9 nanodrugs with a negatively charged surface through modification with red blood cell membranes (RBCM) or hepatocyte membranes (HCM), resulting in GS-pDNA@Cas9-CMs complexes. These GS-pDNA complexes demonstrated complete formation at a 4:1 w/w ratio. The in vitro transfection efficiency of GS-pDNA-HCM reached 54.61%, showing homotypic targeting and excellent safety. Additionally, the study identified the most effective single-guide RNA (sgRNA) from six sequences delivered by GS-pDNA@Cas9-HCM. Using GS-pDNA@Cas9-HCM, a significant reduction of 96.47% in in vitro HBV cccDNA and a 52.34% reduction in in vivo HBV cccDNA were observed, along with a notable decrease in other HBV-related markers. The investigation of GS complex uptake by AML-12 cells under varied time and temperature conditions revealed clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for GS-pDNA and caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CVME) for GS-pDNA-HCM and GS-pDNA-RBCM. In summary, this research presents biomimetic gene-editing nanovectors based on GS (GS-pDNA@Cas9-CMs) and explores their precise and targeted clearance of cccDNA using CRISPR/Cas9, demonstrating good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. This innovative approach provides a promising therapeutic strategy for advancing the cure of HBV.