Quantifying the partial ionization effect of gold in the transition region between condensed matter and warm dense matter.

It is now well known that solids under ultra-high-pressure shock compression will enter the warm dense matter (WDM) regime which connects condensed matter and hot plasma. How condensed matter turns into the WDM, however, remains largely unexplored due to the lack of data in the transition pressure range. In this letter, by employing the unique high-Z three-stage gas gun launcher technique developed recently, we compress gold into TPa shock pressure to fill the gap inaccessible by the two-stage gas gun and laser shock experiments. With the aid of high-precision Hugoniot data obtained experimentally, we observe a clear softening behavior beyond ~560 GPa. The state-of-the-art ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations reveal that the softening is caused by the ionization of 5d electrons in gold. This work quantifies the partial ionization effect of electrons under extreme conditions, which is critical to model the transition region between condensed matter and WDM.

Revisiting the Power Law Characteristics of the Plastic Shock Front under Shock Loading.

Under uniaxial shock compression, the steepness of the plastic shock front usually exhibits power law characteristics with the Hugoniot pressure, also known as the "Swegle-Grady law." In this Letter, we show that the Swegle-Grady law can be described better by a third power law rather than the classical fourth power law at the strain rate between 10^{5}-10^{7} s^{-1}. A simple dislocation-based continuum model is developed, which reproduced the third power law and revealed very good agreement with recent experiments of multiple types of metals quantitatively. New insights into this unusual macroscopic phenomenon are presented through quantifying the connection between the macroscopic mechanical response and the collective dynamics of dislocation assembles. It is found that the Swegle-Grady law results from the particular stress dependence of the plasticity behaviors, and that the difference between the third power scaling and the classical fourth power scaling results from different shock dissipative actions.

Strength of bulk aluminum-boron alloys containing helium produced by 10B(n,α)7Li reaction in nuclear reactor.

The study of metals and alloys containing helium has garnered significant attention within the nuclear energy community. However, there is limited research on the mechanical behavior of bulk alloys implanted with helium. This study investigates the mechanical properties of several Al-Boron alloys implanted with helium using controlled manipulation of helium doses via boron content under a consistent neutron dose. Results show that HemVn may contribute to strength by approximately 8.4-15 MPa and 16.8-23 MPa for helium doses 3.08 × 1019/cm3 and 6.84 × 1019/cm3, respectively, while lattice damages due to neutron-aluminum reaction contribute to strength by 24∼27 MPa. Subsequent annealing leads to the formation of helium bubbles, resulting in a slightly higher strengthening effect compared to HemVn. Additionally, the work hardening behavior of the alloys can be explained by the Voce model, drawing inspiration from the resemblance between helium bubbles and nanoprecipitates in 7xxx alloys. These findings provide insights to the nuclear energy community.

211At radiolabeled APBA-FAPI for enhanced targeted-alpha therapy of glioma.

Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα) is highly expressed in tumor-associated cells and has become one of the most attractive targeting sites in cancer diagnosis and therapy. To ameliorate the rapid metabolism of FAPα inhibitor (FAPI), here, a multifunctional binding agent was introduced to simultaneously achieve 211At radiolabeling and tumor retention prolongation of corresponding radiolabeled drug. 211At-APBA-FAPI was successfully synthesized by conjugating 211At with the designed FAPI carrier in satisfactory radiochemical yield (>60 %). 211At-APBA-FAPI exhibited excellent in vitro stability, significant tumor affinity and specific killing effect on FAPα-positive U87MG cells. Molecular docking reveals that FAPI decorated with albumin binder can bind with FAPα protein via multiple intermolecular interactions with a considerable binding energy of -9.66 kcal/mol 211At-APBA-FAPI exhibits good targeting in murine xenograft models, showing obviously longer tumor retention than previously-reported radioastatinated compound. As a result, 211At-APBA-FAPI presents pronounced therapeutic effect with ignorable normal organs/tissues biotoxicity. All these indicate that introducing a multifunctional binding agent can effectively enhance the availability of FAPI for 211At conjugation and tumoricidal effect, providing vital hints for the translation of targeted-alpha therapy based on radiolabeled FAPI derivatives.

Astragalus mongholicus powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula ameliorate type 2 diabetes by regulating adipoinsular axis in diabetic mice.

The global morbidity of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased. Insulin resistance is the most important pathogenesis and therapeutic target of T2DM. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Astragalus mongholicus powder (APF), consists of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae], Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. [Fabaceae], and Morus alba L. [Moraceae] has a long history to be used to treat diabetes in ancient China. This work aims to investigate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and its underlying mechanism. Diabetic mice were induced by High-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The body weight of mice and their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and lipids were examined. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, histology, and Western blot analysis were performed to validate the effects of APF on diabetic mice and investigate the underlying mechanism. APF reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyerleptinemia and attenuate the progression of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, these effects disappeared in leptin deficient ob/ob diabetic mice and STZ-induced insulin deficient type 1 diabetic mice. Destruction of either these hormones would abolish the therapeutic effects of APF. In addition, APF inhibited the protein expression of PTP1B suppressing insulin-leptin sensitivity, the gluconeogenic gene PEPCK, and the adipogenic gene FAS. Therefore, insulin-leptin sensitivity was normalized, and the gluconeogenic and adipogenic genes were suppressed. In conclusion, APF attenuated obesity, NAFLD, and T2DM by regulating the balance of adipoinsular axis in STZ + HFD induced T2DM mice.

Visualizing Nonlinear Phononics in Layered ReSe2.

Nonlinear phononics has recently been demonstrated as a viable approach for dynamically modifying materials' properties. Conventionally, nonlinearity in the lattice dynamics is introduced via the "ionic" Raman scattering, in which infrared-active phonons (i.e., coherent ionic vibrations) serve as the intermediate state for transferring energy to Raman-active phonons. Here we report that it is also possible to achieve phononic nonlinearity through the "electronic" route, a process that relies on excited electronic states to initiate energy exchange among Raman-active phonons. Taking layered ReSe2 as a model system, we use coherent phonon spectroscopy with a pump energy larger than the band gap to follow lattice dynamics and observe the nonlinear coupling between both Raman-active intralayer atomic oscillations and interlayer breathing modes. In addition, we show that such nonlinear phononic coupling is highly dependent on the environment temperature. This work, which demonstrates a different and novel mechanism, may enrich the toolkit for controlling material properties by means of nonlinear phononics.

Screening for Cognitive Frailty Using Short Cognitive Screening Instruments: Comparison of the Chinese Versions of the MoCA and Qmci Screen.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive frailty describes cognitive impairment associated with physical decline. Few studies have explored whether short cognitive screens identify frailty. We examined the diagnostic accuracy of the Chinese versions of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci-CN) screen and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-CN) in identifying cognitive frailty. METHODS: Ninety-five participants with cognitive symptoms [47 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 34 with subjective cognitive disorder, and 14 with dementia] were included from two outpatient rehabilitation clinics. Energy (work intensity) and physical activity levels were recorded. Cognitive frailty was diagnosed by an interdisciplinary team using the IANA/IAGG consensus criteria, stratified on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Instruments were administered sequentially and randomly by trained assessors, blind to the diagnosis. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 62.6 ± 10.2 years; median CFS score was 4 ± 1 and 36 (38%) were cognitively frail. The Qmci-CN had similar accuracy in differentiating the non-frail from cognitively frail compared to the MoCA-CN, AUC 0.82 versus 0.74, respectively (p = 0.19). At its optimal cut-off (≤55/100), the Qmci-CN provided a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 67% versus 91% and 51%, respectively, for the MoCA-CN (≤23/30). Neither was accurate in separating MCI from cognitive frailty but both accurately separated cognitive frailty from dementia. CONCLUSION: Established short cognitive screens may be useful in identifying cognitive frailty in Chinese adults with cognitive complaints but not in separating MCI from cognitive frailty. The Qmci-CN had similar accuracy to the MoCA-CN and a shorter administration time in this small and under-powered study, necessitating the need for adequately powered studies in different healthcare settings.

Development of a three-stage gas gun launcher for ultrahigh-pressure Hugoniot measurements.

A three-stage gas gun, composed of a two-stage gas gun and the add-on part, has been developed to launch high-Z (tantalum, for example) flyer plates up to 10 km/s for ultrahigh-pressure Hugoniot measurements. Great care has been taken to optimize the add-on part in which a specially designed graded density impactor is employed to quasi-isentropically accelerate the high-Z flyer plate for maximizing its impact velocity. The shock wave in the target generated by the flyer plate is characterized with the flatness of the shock-front better than 1 ns in the concerned area and the uncertainty of the shock-wave velocity less than 2%, thus satisfying the requirements for high-precision Hugoniot measurements. As a demonstration, we measured the ultrahigh-pressure Hugoniot equation of state of tantalum ranging from 0.45 TPa to 0.85 TPa with a symmetric impacting geometry in which the shock-wave velocity and the particle velocity are simultaneously determined. The results obtained are well consistent with data available in the literature, indicating the extended capability of the gas-gun launcher technique.

Effect of Sweet Corn Residue on Micronutrient Fortification in Baked Cakes.

Owing to the concept of modern life and health, traditional baked foods are seeking transition. In this study, sweet corn residue (SCR) was used to replace wheat flour in cakes. We conducted sensory evaluation and texture analysis to assess sample quality. Also, we simulated digestion in vitro, and determined the content of total sugar and dietary fiber. The content of vitamin E and carotenoids were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the content of folate was determined by a microbiological method. With the increase of SCR, the content of dietary fiber, folate, vitamin E, and carotenoids significantly increased, and the digestive characteristics improved simultaneously. Based on the above evaluations, SCRC2 (sweet corn residue cake with 60% substitution) had similar sensory quality to the control (pure wheat flour cake) and had the characteristics of slow digestibility and high micronutrients.

Penicilliumin B, a novel sesquiterpene methylcyclopentenedione from a deep sea-derived Penicillium strain with renoprotective activities.

A novel sesquiterpene methylcyclopentenedione, penicilliumin B (1), was obtained from a deep sea-derived fungus Penicillium sp. F00120, together with three known sesquiterpene cyclohexenones (2-4). Penicilliumin B (1), presenting the first example with the sesquiterpene cyclopentenedione skeleton as natural products, was structurally determined by analysis of the NMR and MS spectroscopic data, while the absolute configurations were assigned by single-crystal X-ray experiments. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of the unusual cyclopentenone skeleton of 1 was proposed. Penicilliumin B (1), with low toxicity, was showed significant potential to inhibit the kidney fibrogenic action in vitro, by a mechanism dependent on disruption of oxidative stress, presenting a new type of promising renoprotective agent.

Super Stable Ferroelectrics with High Curie Point.

Ferroelectric materials are of great importance in the sensing technology due to the piezoelectric properties. Thermal depoling behavior of ferroelectrics determines the upper temperature limit of their application. So far, there is no piezoelectric material working above 800 °C available. Here, we show Nd2Ti2O7 with a perovskite-like layered structure has good resistance to thermal depoling up to 1400 °C. Its stable behavior is because the material has only 180° ferroelectric domains, complex structure change at Curie point (Tc) and their sintering temperature is below their Tc, which avoided the internal stresses produced by the unit cell volume change at Tc. The phase transition at Tc shows a first order behavior which involving the tilting and rotation of the octahedron. The Curie - Weiss temperature is calculated, which might explain why the thermal depoling starts at about 1400 °C.